نشریه معارف اهل بیت (ع)
سال دوم شماره 3 (پیاپی 7، پاییز 1402)

The theological verses of the Quran have deep and precise meanings; therefore, more than other verses, they have been misunderstood and sometimes misinterpreted, and they have had consequences such as the supply of false ideas and as a result the formation and increase of intellectual and theological currents. Ahl al-Bayt (as) who have the great responsibility of protecting the religion and explaining the school, while interpreting various verses of the Qur'an, they have provided the correct interpretation and esoteric interpretation of the theological verses cited by the sects; and in this regard, they used various interpretation methods in facing the thoughts and interpretations of intellectual and theological currents; based on this, the research with descriptive and analytical method has come out in search of an answer to the question that what were the interpretive methods of Shia imams (pbuh) in facing the theological currents of their era? The most important of those methods were: interpretation of the Qur'an according to the Qur'an, interpretation of the Qur'an with the Sunnah of the Prophet (pbuh), interpretation of the Qur'an with the cause of revelation, interpretation of the Qur'an with reason, interpretation through esoteric interpretation, interpretation of the Qur'an using words, and interpretation of the Qur'an using literary rules. Such Qur'anic efforts of those guardians of religion also show their high interpretive status compared to their contemporary scholars, and it also reveals their great role in the methodical understanding of the Qur'anic verses in order to guide the followers of the Qur'anic knowledge on the methods of receiving its truths.

According to the current sources, there are many controversies in the Shia sources, especially in the later sources, regarding the historical identity and personality of Sulaim ibn Qais, as well as the authenticity and validity of the work attributed to him. This is despite the fact that every narrative and hadith work can be evaluated and analyzed from several aspects; one of these aspects is the examination of hadith documents or general documents of a narrative book. Since the hadiths attributed to Sulaim are of two types: one is the few and often short hadiths found in some early sources and the other is the seventy and often long hadiths of recent books attributed to Sulaim; therefore, it is necessary to examine and analyze the documents of each of these types of narratives separately. In the upcoming research, while reporting the documents of the manuscripts of the books attributed to Sulaim, the authenticity of these documents and some of their narrators have been discussed and investigated. During this research, it was found that the manuscripts attributed to Sulaim can be divided into two categories, old and new; and both categories, apart from the long cut in document situation, are distorted and invalid due to several reasons such as "the lack of the narrators, uncertainty in the documents and in the class of the narrators, the rijālī problems of the narrators and even the forgery of the document".

Stylistics is one of the most important literary phenomena that has a special place among linguistic researches. This critical method seeks to examine the differences between different types of texts and recognize the stylistic characteristics of a person or a group or a literary period. In this research, which has been carried out with a descriptive-analytical method, while explaining the most important elements and stylistic components of Ziyārat Jāmiʿeh Kabīreh, the degree of coherence and convergence of these elements has been analyzed and evaluated at the phonetic and rhetorical levels. The obtained results show that the elements that make up the inner and outer music of the text of Ziyārat Jāmiʿeh Kabīreh have a very high frequency. The comprehensive musical system and structure, including the type of arrangement of letters and words, the system of the spacing of phrases and the harmony between consonants and short and long vowels in such a way that the music is the result of the type and attributes of the letters; and their coherent connection based on the meaning and concept of the case of speaker's opinion is shown. In the phonetic layer, the predominance is with sensory rather than abstract words. Music in Ziyārat Jāmiʿeh Kabīreh is beautifully linked with meaning and plays a special role in influencing the meaning on the audience. The speaker has given a pleasant and beautiful sound and music to Ziyārat by using more of the structure of the sajʿ. Among other results obtained from this research, we can point out the high frequency of similes in the depiction of phrases in Ziyārat text, which is the most frequent and highest depiction element in this Ziyārat.

One of the most important demands of Islam for humanity is to live a peaceful life and reject violence and bloodshed. Imam Ali (as) as the most important Islamic personality, considering the role he had in the wars of the time of the Holy Prophet (pbuh) and in most of them, it was the most important factor in the victory of the Islamic army and the defeat of the enemy, and also the issues that arose during the time of the Caliphs, and also the wars during his caliphate, however, what was the place of peace in his eyes and how is the peaceful approach of that Imam justified? As some people, including Bani ʾUmayyah and especially Muʿāwiyah and his followers, accused that Imam of bellicosity and sedition. In this research, with a descriptive and analytical method, the peaceful outlook and actions of Imam Ali (as) have been examined and explained based on his words, relying on Nahj al-Balāghah and historical sources. Among the results of this research is the achievement of the compassionate performance and peaceful outlook of Imam Ali (as) during the lifetime of the Holy Prophet (pbuh) and after his death in interaction with the caliphs and also during his rule, based on historical books and Nahj al-Balāghah.

In ʿĀshūrā and Karbalá, which is an important time in the history of mankind, Ḥaḍrat Seyyed al-Shuhadá (as) presented a reading of death and calamity and the world not only in expression but also with action and feeling, which can be useful in the balanced lifestyle of human being in general, regardless of any nationality and religion. Paying attention and following the example of the mystic and wise discourse of Imam Hossein (as) on the phenomenon and event of freedom from physical identity (death) will lead the human feeling from facing fear and anxiety towards death to enthusiastic and accepting judgment. Since human resilience and tolerance depends on the way of human perceptions in the field of facing necessary events such as death, a wise story of the events can be responsible for a happy encounter. In the book Ganjīneh Asrār, Oman Samani has been able to portray this importance beautifully with the tools of art and the language of poetry. In this article, with a descriptive and analytical method as well as library tools, the balanced vision of Ḥaḍrat Seyyed al-Shuhadá (as) will be analyzed with regard to his long statements, especially in the event of Karbalá, with an emphasis on the verses of the author of the book Ganjīneh Asrār. Among the findings of this research will be the empowerment of human's eager encounter with the phenomenon of death, by highlighting the mystical approach, the approach that Ḥaḍrat Seyyed al-Shuhadá (as) achieved with the arrangement of his vision.

The personality of Imam Hossein (as), his movement and uprising are among the topics that Muslim scholars, as well as Orientalists and Western Islamologists, have paid attention to and presented various analyses. One of the fields that has received a lot of attention and various opinions and analyzes have been presented around it is the discussion of the causes and motivations of the Hosseini (as) movement, and different opinions have been presented by Muslim and non-Muslim thinkers in this regard. The purpose of this article is to introduce, recognize and criticize the opinions of Orientalists regarding the causes and motivations of the uprising of Imam Hossein (as) and the Hosseini movement (as) and aims to answer the question that according to the various analyzes of non-Muslim scholars in this field, to what extent do these analyzes agree with the Shi'a view? Therefore, this article, using a descriptive-analytical method, tries to express what image the most important Orientalists who have commented in this field have presented to their readers about the causes and motivations of the uprising of Imam Hossein (as) and the Hossein (as) movement. The findings obtained from this research indicate that the Orientalists have stated three goals and motivations for the uprising of Imam Hossein (as): A. Monarchy and presidential ambitions. B. Invitation of the Kufians. C. Revenge and bloodlust of Muslim ibn Aqeel. In some cases, the results obtained from the studies of Orientalists are different from what exists in reality and the philosophy expressed by the Imam Hossein (as) himself; and in fact, they have not been able to present a correct picture of the causes and motivations of Imam Hossain's (as) uprising, both according to the reality of the matter and according to the Shiite point of view.