نشریه طب کار
سال شانزدهم شماره 1 (پیاپی 54، بهار 1402)

Due to the nature of their job, firefighters are at high risk of physical and mental injuries; Therefore, maintaining their physical and mental health is of particular importance. Personalized exercise training can help improve the health of firefighters and reduce the risk of injury.

This experimental and practical study was conducted on the firefighters of Isfahan City. Through an invitation to cooperate, 70 people were divided randomly into two experimental groups (18 people) and (18 people control). Sports training was done for eight weeks in three sessions per week. We evaluated Physical fitness indicators, before and after the exercises, and blood samples were taken for evaluation before and 48 hours after the end of the intervention. A correlated T-test was used for intra-group comparisons. An independent T-test was used for inter-group comparisons at a significance level of 0.05, and analyses were performed using SPSS software.

The results showed that these exercises can have a positive effect on the health indicators of firefighters, including aerobic capacity (p=0.005), muscle strength (p=0.01) and flexibility (p=0.01) and some fat indicators, such as decreasing triglyceride (p=0.005) and decreasing LDL (p=0.01) and increasing (p=0.03) HDL.

The results showed that these exercises can have a positive effect on the health indicators of firefighters, including aerobic capacity (p=0.005), muscle strength (p=0.01), and flexibility (p=0.01) and some fat indicators, such as decreasing triglyceride (p=0.005) and LDL (p=0.01), and increasing (p=0.03) HDL.

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policy implementation is the actions that are taken by government or private sector individuals with the aim of realizing the goals of the policy.Many experts have listed many factors in explaining the factors affecting policy implementation and the problems of policy implementation, and most of them believe that the problems of policy implementation are different with the conditions of each society. Several measures lead to the reduction of failure in the implementation of health system policies/ the purpose of this research is to identify and rank these factors.

This research was applied and in terms of strategy, it was a survey. The research community consisted of 21 health managers of the country, who were selected through non-random and purposeful sampling. The tools of data collection are interviews and questionnaires, and the FMEA technique and the combined approach of AHP and Fuzzy TOPSIS were used to analyze the data.

The results of the research showed that the experts have a total of 10 dimensions in the spectrum of failure reduction measures, including cultural factors, communication, structure, implementation method, management, support, manpower.policy implementers, society, policy formulation and environment and 50 components. They proposed important measures effective in reducing the failure of the implementation of health system policies.

What was stated in this research as the measures to reduce the failure in the implementation of these policies will help the managers and actors of the health system policy field to prevent the occurrence of problems in the path of successful implementation of the health system policies by knowing the factors that reduce the failure of the implementation of the health system policies. Get healthy.

The presence of violence in the workplace is a threatening factor for nurses’ psychological health. Therefore, the present study was conducted to determine the moderating role of perceived social support in the relationship between workplace violence (physical, Verbal, and sexual harassment) with Post Traumatic Stress Disorders symptoms among nurses in Karbala City, Iraq. 

The research method was a descriptive correlation and was used in hierarchical regression analysis. The statistical population of the research included all the hospital nurses of the city of Karbala in Iraq in the summer of 2023. Three hundred and forty-nine nurses were selected by convenience sampling method. The data were collected using the violence in workplace questionnaire, Post Traumatic Stress Disorders symptoms checklist, and perceived social support questionnaire. To analyze data, Pearson's correlation coefficient and hierarchical regression analysis statistical tests were used by SPSS software, 26 versions. 

The results revealed that perceived social support moderates the relationship between violence in the workplace (physical, verbal, and sexual harassment) and post-traumatic stress symptoms (p<0.01). It means, that when the perceived social support is low, hostility at the workplace (physical, verbal, and sexual harassment) has a stronger relationship with post-traumatic stress symptoms (p<0.01).

Based on the results of the present study, perceived social support is a necessary variable to prevent the destructive effects of violence in nurses' work settings. Therefore, due to the role and importance of the perception of social support among nurses, attention to this important finding should be taken into consideration by managers and policymakers of healthcare organizations.

The QEC and ART methods are useful tools to identify risk factors that cause work-related musculoskeletal disorders in industries, so the aim of this research is ergonomics evaluation of working conditions using these methods and determining the prevalence of musculoskeletal disorders in the tile industry.

In this cross-sectional study, working conditions in a tile industry were evaluated using QEC and ART methods in 2023. Also, the musculoskeletal disorders of 66 workers were recorded using the Nordic questionnaire. The data was analyzed by SPSS software (V.19), and chi-square, independent t-test, Fisher test, and Pearson correlation coefficient were used.

The mean and standard deviation of the age of the studied workers was 30.6±6.11 years, work experience was 5.97±4.95 years, and their body mass index was 23.69±3.42. 68% of workers had at least one musculoskeletal discomfort. The most common discomfort was back pain (50%). There was a significant relationship between shoulder, back, leg, and wrist discomfort with work experience (P<0.05). There was also a significant relationship between discomfort in the shoulders and wrists with age (P<0.05). A positive and significant correlation was obtained between the scores of ART and QEC methods (for QEC with right ART r=0.591 P<0.001 and for QEC with left ART r=0.524 and P<0.001).

 Considering the high prevalence of musculoskeletal disorders in this industry, it is necessary to modify workstations according to the results of ART and QEC methods.

Improving the safety of working environments is one of the duties of any efficient system. Evaluating the risk of hazards is one of the most efficient ways to increase safety issues. Paying attention to the statistics of laboratory accidents and the positive effects of risk assessment to improve safety is of great importance. 

In this cross-sectional study, we evaluated the laboratories of Shahid Sadoqhi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, using a quantitative three-dimensional cost equation. Based on the regular observation of existing processes and equipment, the evaluation team used a quantitative risk equation as an indication of safety performance at the level of laboratories. The ranking was based on the probability of risk, the frequency of exposure, and the maximum damage potential through a quantitative equation. Finally, the risk score of each laboratory was determined, and the ranking of the risk level of the laboratories was announced. Corrective solutions were suggested, and the evaluation was repeated. The data was entered into the SPSS 20 software and interpreted using descriptive and analytical statistics. 

In general, 52% of the risks identified in laboratories are at a low-risk level. The highest and lowest average evaluation scores were 55.86 ± 30.89 for environmental chemistry and 28.38 ± 13.51 for food safety and health research laboratory, respectively. The highest evaluation score was for the environment laboratory. There was a significant relationship between the risk components before and after providing the suggested solutions. According to the results of the research, the overall safety status of the educational laboratories in the Faculty of Health is at a relatively favorable level. However, chemical hazards and thermal safety are the highest priority to control and perform better regarding improvement.

 The growing trend of office workers and the use of computers in these workstations has caused an increase in the prevalence of musculoskeletal disorders among them. Most of the studies have emphasized the need for interventions to improve the ergonomics of office workstations. Therefore, the present study investigates the effect of ergonomic training intervention on improving working conditions and reducing musculoskeletal disorders in office workers.

The present research is a descriptive-analytical and correlational study. The statistical population was all the employees of the administrative staff of Shuttle Company. According to the criteria for entering and exiting the study, 130 people participated in this study. After the initial evaluation of the work situation, the ergonomic training intervention program was presented to the company employees to reduce the musculoskeletal injury factors for two months. We evaluate physical condition before and after the training. Data collection tools included the Nordic Musculoskeletal Disorders Evaluation Questionnaire (NMQ) and the ROSA posture evaluation method. The data was analyzed by SPSS software; descriptive statistics and Student's t-test were used for statistical analysis.

The study showed that the relationship between musculoskeletal disorders in different age groups was not significant in most body organs, and only this relationship has confirmed in the neck and upper back area. However, the relationship between skeletal and muscular disorders and employees' work history is not significant in most body parts, and only this relationship has confirmed in the neck and upper back area. Finally, the ergonomic training of the subjects has had a significant effect on their calculated risk level (using the ROSA method).

Although most companies have equipment with the necessary ergonomics, employees do not know how to use them correctly. Due to the lack of knowledge of some managers and employees about the importance of ergonomics, in addition to creating a work environment according to the principles of ergonomics, it is better to provide these people with the necessary training in this field.

Heat stress is the most physically harmful factor in open and closed industrial environments. It affects people's cognitive and mental functions, causes the speed of fatigue, reduces concentration and skill, and increases the amount of errors. Therefore, the current research has The Effect of Heat Stress Exposure on Visual- Auditory Performances of subjects in laboratory conditions.

This study was conducted on 32 male students of Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, aged 20 to 29, who were selected according to the condition of consent and meeting the inclusion criteria. Environmental heat stress was applied at three levels of temperature index of 22, 29, and 34 degrees Celsius, and the temperature index of 22 degrees Celsius was considered as the laboratory background condition. Then, they were studied in different laboratory conditions, including exposure to heat stress. The subjects' attention level and reaction time were evaluated using the Integrated Visual and Auditory Continues test tool. The participants completed the written consent form, demographic information form, and general health questionnaire. Also, the subjects' heart rate was recorded with a digital heart rate monitor.

This study showed that the amount of visual and auditory attention decreased significantly (p<0.001). The reaction time of people increased significantly under the influence of heat stress (p<0.001).

The results showed that exposure to heat stress are an effective factor in reaction time, attention level, and heart rate, which can reduce accuracy in doing work. Therefore, paying attention to the amount of thermal stress in working environments plays an important role in improving the speed and performance of people.

Due to the obviousness of musculoskeletal disorders in health workers, especially patient carriers, we felt it necessary to check the prevalence of musculoskeletal pain in these workers by correcting their posture.  

The study is semi-experimental. First, a self-made demographic questionnaire was made on the level of awareness, and a Nordic questionnaire along with a numerical rating scale to measure the amount of pain related to musculoskeletal disorders was completed for all participants. Then, theoretical and practical interventions were carried out to correct posture using occupational medicine, ergonomics, and sports specialists, and again one month and six months later, questionnaires were completed and data were collected. In the end, data analysis was done with SPSS version 24 software.

Descriptive statistics show that interventions aimed at correcting postures, reduce the average pain scores for different body parts of patient carriers. The most prevalent musculoskeletal disorder was back pain.Statistical analysis showed that comparing the average score of back pain (p=0.000), neck (p=0.014), shoulder (p=0.006), knee (p=0.006), and leg (p=0.016) in patient carriers before There is a significant difference between postural correction and six months later.However, comparing the average pain score of the elbow (p=0.18), wrist (p=0.06), back (p=0.3), and thigh (p=0.08) at the end of six months after correcting the posture, no significant difference was observed.

 It seems that correcting the posture while carrying and moving the patient with the help of occupational medicine, ergonomics, and sports specialists can reduce musculoskeletal pain in medical workers, especially patient carriers. It was also seen that correcting posture has the fastest and highest effect on reducing back, neck, shoulder, knee, and leg pain.