نشریه مطالعات طب ورزشی
پیاپی 36 (تابستان 1402)

The aim of the present study was to compare the electromyographic activity of quadriceps muscles and hamstrings of male and female professional soccer players in a single-leg landing movement.The samples were 38 professional football players in Tehran province (19 women and 19 men). Electromyographic activity of quadriceps muscles and hamstrings were measured during the single-leg landing test. Independent t-test was used to compare muscle activity and timing of quadriceps and hamstrings in men and women.The results of this study revealed that there was a significant difference between men and women professional footballers between feedforward activity of rectus femoris muscles (P = 0.05),Vastus medialis (P = 0.05), Vastus lateralis (P = 0.05), feedback activity of Semitendinosus muscles (P = 0.05) and Biceps femoris(P = 0.05) . The induction of Semitendinosus muscles of women compared to men was reported with delay (p = 0.006). Also, early activation of Vastus lateralis muscles in women was observed compared to men (p = 0.001).As shown in this study, more feedforward activity of female quadriceps muscles, delayed onset of Semitendinosus activity and early activation of Vastus-lateralis muscles in women than men, in the task of landing on one leg, make women more prone to ACL injury. it can be stated that one of the causes of ACL injury in women is the presence of defects in their neuro-muscular control system. As a result, strengthening and improving the nervous system of the hamstring muscles, especially in women, is recommended to prevent ACL ligament injury.

The study aimed to investigate the effect of a postural education program for teachers and parents on their awareness and the condition of students' spines. The sample of this quasi-experimental study was 100 students (8-10 years old), Their parents and teachers who were divided into three experimental and one control groups. Awareness (by questionary) and spine alignment were assessed before, after and six-month follow-up. The program consisted of six 45-minute sessions. In the statistical analysis multivariate analysis was used. The results were shown that training has gotten significantly different between groups on knowledge and spine status. But the divisions within the group were not significant. Regarding the awareness variable the difference between the control group and the other three groups was significant (control/teachers P=0.01, control/parents P=0.07, control/parents-teachers P=0.00)about forward head and kyphosis the control group with the group of teachers (p= 0.00 head forward, kyphosis p= 0.00) the group of parents with the groups of teachers (p= 0.00)forward head , kyphosis p= 0.00), and parents-teachers (p= 0.02)forward head- kyphosis p=0.04)and the group of teachers with the group of parents-teachers (p=0.05 forward head - kyphosis p=0.00) there was a significant difference. About the lordosis the follow-up test showed that the control group in addition to the teachers' group (p=0.00), also had a significant difference with the parents' group (p=0.02). The program had a significant positive effect on spinal health and awareness, which shows the effect of education on prevention. Therefore, to prevent malalignments, it is recommended to use an educational program.

Fear of falling in the elderly is one of the main concerns in this population. This condition causes negative outcomes including reduced daily productivity, reduced physical activities, and lower quality of life. Manipulating task constraints is one of the methods that seems to be effective in improving balance indicators and fear of falling in the elderly. Therefore, the current research intends to investigate the effect of manipulation of task constraints on the level of fear of falling and balance indicators of healthy elderly people. For this purpose, 30 healthy elderly were randomly selected and divided into two intervention and control groups. The intervention group carried out exercises to manipulate task constraints for 8 weeks and 3 times a week. The control group also continued their normal activities during the research period. The fear of falling was evaluated by the efficiency of falling questionnaire and the balance indicators using the standing and walking test. The results of the research showed that the application of the exercise protocol for manipulating task constraints reduced the fear of falling and improved balance indicators in the intervention group. The results of the analysis of covariance by removing the pre-test effect showed that both variables in the intervention group had a significant improvement compared to the control group (P<0.05). The results of this research show the effect of exercises with the manipulation of task constraints on reducing the fear of falling and improving the balance of the elderly.

The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of 6 weeks of Suspension exercises with TRX On static and dynamic balance and landing mechanics in female athletes. The number of 30 young female athletes with the age range of 15 to 18 years from the fields of handball, futsal, basketball and volleyball were selected from the schools of 4 districts of Tehran and they were randomly placed in two experimental and control groups (15 people in each group). The experimental group performed suspension exercises with TRX for 6 weeks and 3 sessions per week. In order to measure static balance, stork test was used and for dynamic balance, Y balance test was used. Also, Landing Error Scoring System (LESS) was used to check landing mechanics. The results showed that the static balance, dynamic balance and landing mechanics of the TRX training group were better in the post-test than the pre-test (P<0.05). But there was no significant difference between static balance, dynamic balance and landing mechanics of the control group in pre-test and post-test (P>0.05). Also, the results of covariance analysis showed that there is a significant difference in all variables between the two groups in the post-test (P<0.05). So that the static and dynamic balance and reduction of the landing error score of the TRX training group were better than the control group. It seems that 6 weeks of suspension training with TRX can improve static and dynamic balance and reduce landing errors in female athletes.

Considering the direct relationship between playing soccer and walking and running at different speeds, recognizing various running patterns plays a major role in prescribing better training programs and improvement of the athletes’ performance in different age groups. The purpose of the present study was to register the characteristics of stance phase in soccer players in different age groups and finding probable differences. 58 amateur football players of Sepahan Football Academy in Mobarakeh city in 3 age groups of U-13, U-15 and U-17 participated in this study. The players performed the test at 4 different tasks of walking, jogging, running in self-selected speed, and sprinting barefooted on a straight path that a foot scan was mounted in the midway. The results of this study showed that in general, the progression angle decreases by aging and increases by the speed. Regarding the timing of sub-phases, the results showed difference between groups of different age groups. The results also showed that the timing differs in sub-phases in different speeds. These findings could be useful in prescribing suitable running patterns in running trainings for age group soccer instructors.

Aging is a natural and inevitable thing that affects all biological and psychological aspects of a person. The aim of the present study was to compare the effect of Otago and Fall proof exercise programs on balance, ankle proprioception and fear of falling in elderly men with a history of falling. 36 elderly men with a history of falling were purposefully selected and randomly assigned to a control group and two exercise groups. Static and dynamic balance were assessed by Sharpand-Romberg and Timed Up and Go test, ankle proprioception using a goniometer, and fear of falling with the help of the International Fall Efficiency Questionnaire. The Otago and Fall proof exercises were carried out by the training group for eight weeks. After the exercises, the post-test was performed. covariance analysis was used to analyze the data. The results of the research showed that eight weeks of Otago and Fall Proof exercises have a significant effect on improving static and dynamic balance, ankle proprioception and fear of falling. In the comparison between the exercises, the Otago exercises had a greater effect on the components. According to the results of the research, the use of Otago exercises is suggested to therapists and occupational therapists to improve the balance and performance of elderly people due to their greater effectiveness than fall-proof exercises.