فصلنامه مطالعات روابط بین الملل
پیاپی 64 (زمستان 1402)

One of the most distinguishing features of the modern international system is the dynamic nature of its orders. Despite the long rule of some types of international orders, these ruling orders were never permanent and changed and transformed on a regular basis. In general, in international relations literature, the period of transition or the transition period in the international system is defined as the time between the appearance of signs of deterioration of the traditional order and the formation of a new order. The period of transition in the international system has certain characteristics, and understanding these characteristics will greatly help policymaking and the way governments act to direct the future of the international order. In addition to explaining the characteristics of the transitional phase in the current international system, this research will use a descriptive-analytical approach and library study tools to draw consensus on the future of the international system. The research's findings demonstrate that, in accordance with conceptual evolution, semantic rotation, and theoretical rotation in the literature and concepts of international relations and the international system in transition, the inclusiveness and scope of the changes will be significantly wider than the change in official processes between governments. From this perspective, it will lead the world towards a pluralistic, multi-centered, multii-regional international order. The difference between this order and the traditional multipolar system will be the relative transition from the Westphalian and Western-oriented international system to the world-oriented international system, as well as the emergence of global politics.

Since the collapse of the Soviet Union, Russia has grappled with the specter of decline and the prospect of losing its status as one of the world's great powers. The increased military engagement between Ukraine and the West indicated that Ukraine (or Ukraine along with NATO) might one day challenge Russia in the foreseeable future. A country that was a buffer country of great strategic importance for Russia, so it took practical action against it. Russia's invasion of Ukraine on February 24, 2022, marks the resurgence of war on the European continent and a final attempt to reform the Western-led system that has prevailed since the end of the Cold War. Before this war, Russia used to complain about the world order in its declarations, but with this war, it has practically challenged the world order. Now this question is raised, what are the causes of the war between Russia and Ukraine? Russia's war with Ukraine has caused the emergence and expansion of what concepts in the international order? By expressing the conceptual framework of order in an explanatory way, the expansion of NATO is considered to be the cause of Russia's war with Ukraine, and in line with the definition of the new Russian order, the expansion of the concept of Russkimir, the expansion of the concept of Greater Eurasia in the form of a multi-order world, challenging the concept of liberal order and international laws in It examines the polycentric order

The Study of Conceptual and Theoretical Framework of Social Capital in International Relation Abstract Social capital is one of the new Found Concepts In Inter discipline studies the it has Consider also international relations studies under of "international social Capital that . Immaturity emerged and of the in the conceptual and resulting from the complexity and neglect in the conceptual and theoretical development has caused its that have a real station yet. for this reason the preliminary and passing Consider of some researcher with international social capital, with respect the background that has been domestic, the mentioned idea to be a strange debates in international relations and a rule that is inconsistent and lacks conceptual and theoretical aford ability it seems. The purpose of this article is promate clear up the conceptual and theoretical dibit of this component in theoretical studies of international relations. This research has been done by using the analytical- describptivea Method and also using library Resources, and this is the question this article: What is the theoretical and conceptual basis of international social capital in discourse of international relations? The results show that, social capital is a metaphorical gem which according to the ratio and scope of new concepts of international relations with consept abstract and metaphorical concepts international social capital is also developed and conceptually and theoretically be descripted explained by relying on the metaphorical structures of the origin field,there is a conceptual and theoretical. 

Political goals have always been one of the most important motives for providing aid in the international arena. In the conditions that China has become the second donor in the international arena after the United States based on published statistics, and the declared determination of leaders of Beijing to make their country the first international power, the analysis of the motivation for the expansion of foreign aid China deserves attention. Using descriptive and explanatory methods, the current research seeks to answer the question of how Chinese leaders have benefited from their foreign aid program in the years 2000 to 2022, in order to lay the groundwork for the rise of this country's power in the international arena? The answer given as a hypothesis to this question is "The Chinese government has tried to strengthen its power both in the field of bilateral and multilateral relations and in the field of international order by quantitatively expanding and resorting to new methods in providing aid in the years 2000 to 2022." The finding of the article and its original nature is that although China's foreign aid program has unique characteristics, accurate indicators can be shown in the analysis of the links between the foreign aid program and its foreign policy goals to become a major international power.

The national security of any country is a function of the set of internal developments and movements of the security environment of that country. The issue of the Kurds and the events related to them is one of the most important political issues in the Middle East. The main problem of the researcher in this research is that what are the most effective scenarios of the security consequences of the Iraqi Kurdistan region on the western border regions of the country for a period of 5 years. Accordingly, the main goal of this research is to design the scenarios of the security consequences of the Iraqi Kurdistan region on the western border regions. It is the country.
. The result of the evaluation of the eight designed scenarios shows that Kurdistan, on the part of the world powers, raises the tension between the countries with Kurdish minority and the integration between the Kurdish minority in the neighboring countries, the best situation for declaring and implementing the independence of Iraqi Kurdistan and for the security of the west of the country is dangerous and the scenario that is opposite to this scenario It is possible (non-recognition by world powers, alignment of countries with Kurdish minority and differences among Kurds in the region) is the best scenario that indicates the lack of independence of Kurds.

One of the important components in shaping the foreign policy of countries is the view and attitude of the agents of that country to the world. The macro-strategy of countries begins with their leaders' understanding of the international environment, their national goals and interests, and the threats posed to the country. On January 20, 2017, Donald Trump was elected the 45th President of the United States. His approach to resolving the North Korean nuclear crisis has had its ups and downs. In the first year, Trump adopted a tough strategy against Pyongyang. The purpose of this article is to use a descriptive-analytical method to analyze the political leadership style of the two countries, the United States and North Korea, and to make a comparative comparison between the political leaders of the two countries (Trump and Kim Jong Un). The results of an analysis of Trump's leadership style and actions show that he had the least adherence to American political structures and principles. Some argue that Trump lacked a clear and predictable foreign policy. The fact is that although Trump did not have a clear and precise approach to foreign policy, and even his foreign policy team was not completely homogeneous, he himself, based on his leadership style, has a broad and consistent view of the world, politics. The United States's foreign policy and its cost-benefit interests in this area were also the basis of its major decisions and policies toward North Korea.

With the onset of what is known as the Arab Spring, it was inevitable for Iran and Saudi Arabia to play a role. These two important countries in the region took completely different positions regarding the current developments in the crisis-affected countries, including Yemen. After Iran's support for Ansarullah, Saudi Arabia launched a military attack on Yemen in April 2014. After 6 years of war, Saudi Arabia shifted towards engaging in political dialogue with the Yemeni side. The main issue of this article is why this change occurred. In response to this problem, using the explanatory-analytical method, it is argued that factors at three levels of analysis - domestic (Saudi Arabia), regional, and international - led to the Saudi military attack on Yemen and subsequent changes at these three levels. It is mentioned that this caused Saudi Arabia to opt for diplomacy. Meanwhile, Iran's role is examined at the regional level of analysis.

The dynamic nature of the developments in the Southwest Asia region, as well as the formation of new security polarizations in it, adds to the complexities of the future order and patterns of cooperation and conflict in this strategic region. The dual formation of the rival axis of resistance and the axis of compromise is one of the most prominent manifestations of the order-making trends in this region. The outcome of which can lead to the formation of a new geopolitical order with different rules of action. This research seeks to investigate the effects of these new patterns of relations between regional actors (problem statement). Using a combined method of elite interviews and thematic analysis (research method), the researcher seeks to provide an answer to the main question of the research: What are the strengths and weaknesses of the rival dualism of resistance and compromise in the reconstruction of the regional order? A detailed understanding of how the said bipolar affects, requires knowing how the power is distributed in the region, the depressing features, as well as the strengths and weaknesses of each of the mentioned axes (research question). In this research, 58 themes in understanding the changes in the components that shape the action environment, 78 themes in explaining the challenges of resistance and 114 themes in explaining the challenges of compromise have been counted (research findings).