نشریه تمدن حقوقی
پیاپی 18 (زمستان 1402)

The evaluation or validation of the evidence of the arbitration parties, considering the expansion of transactions and a huge amount of data, has a significant impact on determining the fate of conflict resolution and issuing fair votes. The integration of artificial intelligence (AI) and arbitration is a new approach, in order to better and accurately evaluate the documents of the parties to resolve the dispute. In this regard, some countries have started to establish rules and regulations in the field of artificial intelligence and arbitration. The purpose of this article is to investigate the place of artificial intelligence and its impact on the process of authentication of arbitration documents. This research proceeds with a descriptive-analytical approach and after analyzing the issue, it concludes that artificial intelligence tools directly and indirectly facilitate and accelerate the process of verifying evidence. It should be noted that, considering the ethical, legal, and technical challenges, human supervision is necessary to ensure the process of verifying the evidence.

This paper touches upon the intertwining of AI technology and criminal justice systems and assesses especially the issue of using AI as an evidence-generating mechanism in criminal trials. The paper revolves, in particular, around three focal points. Firstly, it sets the context for the following analysis and gives a short definition of AI. Secondly, it examines some thorny parameters of the evidentiary proceedings and focuses on the most important AI weaknesses that could jeopardize the smooth incorporation of AI in the criminal justice systems. Thirdly, it presents the ways in which AI could affect basic procedural rights of the defendant and concludes with some safety requirements and suggestions that could facilitate the transition to an AI-criminal-justice-era.

Artificial intelligence (AI), as one of the biggest technological advances of recent decades, has brought significant changes in various fields, and the field of law is not excluded from these effects. Artificial intelligence is a concept that has been an ambiguous challenge to humans since its formation in the 1950s by John McCarthy. But in the last few decades, significant advances in fields such as machine learning, neural networks, natural language processing, and machine vision have elevated artificial intelligence to a level of sophistication and superior application that today is considered one of the most vital terms. The world of technology and science is known. This study was conducted with the aim of investigating and the necessity of accepting criminal liability for systems with artificial intelligence (including dangerous mode and harmful effects, etc.). The challenges caused by accepting the criminal responsibility of artificial intelligence, the most important of which is the discussion of punishing on systems with artificial intelligence, have been investigated using the descriptive-analytical method. It is hoped that it will have a positive impact on the field of legislative policymaking in the future, and we have witnessed such don’t challenges and loopholes in the law.

Nowadays, artificial intelligence (AI), as a new technology, can create improvements and loopholes in the process of judicial proceedings. Artificial intelligence may create challenges in the field of maintaining civil rights and privacy, transparency, and justice, providing uncertain information and data, and reducing interaction between humans and the court. This research can help improve our understanding of this technology and how it is used in courts, and it can also evaluate the positive and negative effects of artificial intelligence on judicial proceedings and its effect on justice and Access to proceedings. In this research, using library tools and descriptive-analytical methods, we will better understand the impact of artificial intelligence on the efficiency of the judicial system, and provide suitable solutions to increase the efficiency of this system on the judicial system of the courts, one of the most important goals of this research. It is possible to mention the reduction of the time needed to process cases, increase the accuracy and accuracy of decision-making, increase judicial transparency, and improve the process of handling cases using artificial intelligence technology. This research has shown that by using artificial intelligence, there can be significant improvements in efficiency, accuracy, speed, and access to justice in the judicial system. But at the same time, one should pay attention to the issues of protecting rights and privacy, algorithms, social acceptance, and security risks and take appropriate measures to deal with these issues.

This introduction to this special issue discusses artificial intelligence (AI), commonly defined as “a system’s ability to interpret external data correctly, to learn from such data, and to use those learnings to achieve specific goals and tasks through flexible adaptation.” It summarizes seven articles published in this special issue that present a wide variety of perspectives on AI, authored by several of the world’s leading experts and specialists in AI. It concludes by offering a comprehensive outlook on the future of AI, drawing on minor, and macro-perspectives.

This paper focuses on the transformation of criminal proceedings in the framework of the development of digital technologies in the international space, in which a significant place belongs to artificial intelligence. We demonstrate that a variety of digital tools in legal proceedings is used by the United States where legal start-ups specializing in Artificial Intelligence (AI) are capable determine the content of a future court decision with a high degree of probability. It can be seen that most of the member states of the European Union are currently using advanced technologies in their legal systems and for legal protection. Nevertheless, the issue of using artificial intelligence in legal proceedings requires a deeper examination of its affinity with the principles of the European Convention on Human Rights. With regard to the above, it might be useful to employ the European Ethical Charter on the Use of Artificial Intelligence that provides five basic principles that define the role and place of AI in legal proceedings. This paper focuses on the leading trends and possibilities for using AI in the criminal justice system.

A recent issue of a popular computing journal asked which laws would apply if a self-driving car killed a pedestrian. This paper considers the question of legal liability for artificially intelligent computer systems. This article discusses whether criminal liability could ever apply; to whom it might apply; and, under civil law, whether an AI program is a product that is subject to product design legislation or a service to which the tort of negligence applies. The issue of sales warranties is also considered. A discussion of some of the practical limitations that AI systems are subject to is also included.

Today, the world is watching the confrontation of new technologies and the developing ecosystem. On the one hand, artificial intelligence (AI), and on the other hand, the inhabitants of the biosphere play a role of this confrontation. In fact, artificial intelligence provides a system's ability to correctly interpret external data and create context for its use to achieve specific goals and tasks through flexible adaptation. In this respect, the citizens of the global community experience the field of entering this technological space in a way they want. Now, from a positive experience point of view, this two-way interaction can be successfully carried out to protect the environment and from another point of view, the field of international interactions may be disrupted by relying heavily on this technology. This paper is written based on previous studies and up-to-date references in descriptive methods. This research has a preliminary look at the technological diplomacy process to preserve the environment through regional and international interactions.

Artificial intelligence (AI) research and regulation seek to balance the benefits of innovation against any potential harm and disruption. However, one unintended consequence of the recent surge in AI research is the potential re-orientation of AI technologies to facilitate criminal acts, term in this article AI-Crime (AIC). AIC is theoretically feasible thanks to published experiments in automating fraud targeted at social media users, in addition to demonstrations of AI-driven manipulation of simulated markets. However, because AIC is still a relatively young and inherently interdisciplinary area spanning socio-legal studies to formal science there is little certainty of what an AIC future might look like. This article offers the first systematic, interdisciplinary literature analysis of the foreseeable threats of AIC, providing ethicists, policy-makers, and law enforcement organizations with a synthesis of the current problems, and possible solution space.

Free elections and democracy in Europe and globally can be detrimentally affected by malicious use of new technologies, in particular artificial intelligence (AI). AI can be used as a tool to produce and spread disinformation or facilitate psychographic micro-targeting of voters in the run-up to elections. At the same time, AI can effectively counter such uses of technology. This article discusses the ways in which freedom of elections and democracy can be impacted through the deployment of AI.

One of the most important effects of technology in the current era is artificial intelligence. One of the most important fields of using this new technology is the field of crime detection and criminal investigations. Artificial intelligence uses mechanisms for this purpose that have a very low error rate and help crime detection teams as well as judicial and police authorities in a very effective way. The importance of artificial intelligence, especially in some specific types of crimes, can have far more applications. Examples of these crimes are serial murders, which, due to their nature, characteristics, and effects, are crimes that seriously endanger the psychological safety of the society, and the pursuit and arrest of the perpetrators, as well as the prevention of their repetition, is an inevitable necessity. In some police organizations, artificial intelligence has been used for several years to track down and arrest serial killers, including the crime detection police in the United States. Considering the necessity of exploiting the experiences of other legal and judicial systems to solve the problems in the country, in this article, an attempt has been made to develop a set of mechanisms based on artificial intelligence technology, and with their help, the process of pursuing murderers implemented a serial and currently, these methods are used by the serial murder detection department in the United States police organization to be introduced.

The discussion of artificial intelligence (AI) as a newly emerging phenomenon in the present era has always been faced with various ethical challenges. The expansion of artificial intelligence is inevitable, and since this phenomenon is related to the human and social world, anything related to humans and society falls within the realm of morality and rights. In doing so, it must be understood whether the use of artificial intelligence is an ethical matter or not. Furthermore, do humans have the right to use it or not? It seems that Al-Farabi's thought in the realm of practical wisdom can provide an answer to this issue. By reflecting on the theories of this prominent philosopher in civil philosophy, the theory of natural rights is obtained, and on the other hand, Al-Farabi's ethical opinions are also consistent with the theory of natural rights and, in general, with Al-Farabi's civil philosophy. It can, therefore, be argued that, one can consider and elucidate this issue through the lens of Al-Farabi's ethical and civil school of thought.

Artificial intelligence (AI) has become a reality in today’s world with the rise of the 4th industrial revolution, especially in the armed forces. Military AI systems can process more data more effectively than traditional systems. Due to its intrinsic computing and decision-making capabilities, AI also increases combat systems’ self-control, self-regulation, and self-actuation. Artificial intelligence is used in almost every military application, and increased research and development support from military research agencies to develop new and advanced AI technologies is expected to drive the widespread demand for AI-driven systems in the military. This research paper will discuss several AI applications in the military, as well as their capabilities, opportunities, and potential harm and devastation when there is instability. This present article looks at current and future potential for developing artificial intelligence algorithms, particularly in military applications. Most of the discussion focused on the seven patterns of AI, the usage and implementation of AI algorithms in the military, object detection, military logistics, and robots, the global instability induced by AI use, and nuclear risk. The article also looks at the current and future potential for developing artificial intelligence algorithms, particularly in military applications.