پژوهش نامه مطالعات مرزی
پیاپی 41 (پاییز 1402)

The quality of life in border cities depends on the influence of various social, economic, cultural, transportation, healthcare and communication factors. The theory of quality of life promotes and develops the concepts of the quality of people's living environment to provide the best ways of living for it, which is a social goal in different countries. In this article, the quality of life in the border city of Marivan has been investigated using economic, social, service, and physical-environmental indicators. The research method is descriptive-analytical and applied. The method of data collection is document and random..

The statistical population was calculated according to the population of Marivan city and using Cochran's formula, 383 people were randomly distributed. The data were analyzed using SPSS software, t-test, correlation coefficient test and multivariate regression.

The results showed that because the sig value of each of the indicators is smaller than the value of 0.05, there is a significant relationship between these indicators and the quality of life, and according to the average of the indicators, the economic index with an average of 2.55 is low. It is above the desired level of 3 and the rest of the indicators are above the desired level, the physical-environmental index with an average of 26.91 is the highest about the quality of life. The correlation coefficient of economic and social indicators is two by two and vice versa, service and physical-environmental indicators have the most relationship with each other, but according to their sig value which is less than 0.05, all of them have a significant relationship with each other.

The multivariate regression test showed that the physical-environmental index has the greatest impact on the quality of life index and the economic index has the least impact.

 Due to geographical, economic and political reasons, the border areas have faced various complexities and various problems, so that extensive centralization has slowed down the governance process in the border areas and issues such as inappropriate distribution of biological resources, geographical inequalities, unbalanced access to services and infrastructure national issues, the distance between the center and the periphery, the issue of access and transportation, the challenges of natural and water resources, the biological capacities of the border areas for settlement and human development, etc. be located geographically. Good governance is one of the emerging concepts that, due to its constructive role in improving the political management of space in different countries, it can provide a suitable solution for the optimal management of the complex and different geography of border regions. with the aim of identifying and evaluating the geographical factors affecting the formation of good governance and to investigate the issue of how geographical factors have been effective in the formation of good governance in the border regions of Iran in a descriptive and analytical way? The findings of this research show that the role and influence of geography (in both human and natural dimensions) has been significantly neglected in the processes of governance in Iran's border areas, and this issue in turn has caused fundamental weaknesses in The process of statehood and management of border areas has become the result of which can be seen in numerous challenges and crises of security, economic, social and... border areas.

Planning and territorial of border areas is one of the important plans in order to reduce spatial imbalances between border areas and other places, as well as the development of border areas with emphasis on various dimensions, especially security and defense. Therefore, it is necessary to identify the influencing factors on the realization of border area territorial plans, and the present research was written with this aim in Marivan city border. In this regard, the research method is practical in terms of purpose and prospective in nature with an emphasis on analytical and exploratory approach. In order to collect and analyze information, were used the Delphi method of experts (15 academic elites and city managers) and the technique of cross-effects analysis in MICMAC software. The findings of the research show that the most important factors influencing the realization of Marivan border territorial plan include the cooperation of all institutions of the province to strengthen the social, economic and cultural infrastructures, the benefit of responsible managers and officials, and the coherence between the economic, social, physical and environmental elements of the territorial plan. The results also indicate that due to the existing situation of Marivan city and the system of preparation and implementation of the border area territorial plan and the lack of key and strategic components that are influential in the development of the system, will be unstable the future of the border area territorial plan of Marivan and its development.

Border Guard Command of the Islamic Republic of Iran, as the sole guardian of order and security in the border areas, needs a coherent and flawless legal system that can have legal protections in judicial authorities. According to this issue, the present article seeks to identify the legal challenges of the Faraja Border Guard Command in carrying out the assigned missions.

In terms of purpose, the present research is applied and in terms of the nature of the data and the method of execution, it is a type of qualitative research. In this research, data related to the legal challenges of the Border Guard Command were collected and analyzed using the qualitative content analysis method, using the common tool of scanning all legal documents and documents, as well as conducting interviews with experts, experts and commanders familiar with the subject of the research. .

The obtained findings showed that the Faraja border guard command is facing three types of legal challenges in carrying out its missions, which were categorized using the theory of criminal policies in the form of three macro dimensions, which are in the dimensions of legislative challenges, judicial challenges and challenges Executive was extracted.

Considering the dimensions obtained in the findings of the research, in order to reduce the legal vulnerability in the judicial authorities, the border guard command needs to solve the legal challenges in the legislative, judicial and executive dimensions with the cooperation of the General Police Command, the legislature and the judiciary through a review of The relevant laws, especially the laws that have a legislative nature, because the most legal challenges of this command in carrying out its missions as a judicial officer will be reduced by revising this area.

 The use of firearms is one of the social issues that threaten public security from various aspects. Based on this, the main goal of this research is to identify the consequences of the use of illegal firearms in the public security of the Gilangreb border region with a crime prevention approach.

 The research method used in this qualitative research is thematic analysis. Interviews were used to collect data. The statistical population of the research is the number of 18 experts in the field of security and law enforcement, who were selected through the purposeful sampling method, and the data analysis was based on the coding process.

 Through qualitative analysis, 79 basic themes and 10 organizing themes were obtained, and by examining the mentioned codes, five categories of overarching themes including political, social, cultural, economic and policing security consequences were identified.

 The results of the research indicate that the use of illegal weapons causes security and law enforcement consequences, including political and security instability, a decrease in social cohesion, violence and an increase in violent crimes, ethnic differences, the spread of terrorism, and finally, a decrease in the sense of security in the border region of Gilangarb. Therefore, using new technologies and carrying out targeted patrols is an effective measure of crime prevention.

Today, new technologies in the control and monitoring of borders have opened new horizons for the countries of the world regarding the preservation and protection of their borders, and turning to new technologies in their monitoring and control can provide the means of neutralizing threats. The present study investigates the role of new technologies in preventing smuggling in the borders of Kurdistan province.

Research method and statistical population: In terms of purpose, this research is applied in a quantitative type with a descriptive-survey research method using a questionnaire with a 5-point Likert scale after verifying its validity and reliability to examine the items among 70 employees of the border control command. Kurdistan province distribution and obtained data were analyzed in the form of SPSS software with Friedman and Chi-square test estimates.

Based on the research findings, night vision cameras, drones and thermal cameras have the highest function in terms of controlling and monitoring borders and preventing smuggling in the border strip of Kurdistan province, and radars and GIS technology can also be effective in this field and lower positions. They are compared to the previously mentioned technologies.

New control and monitoring technologies can play a decisive role in preventing the smuggling of goods in border areas. These technologies with high accuracy and efficiency can minimize human error and damage and play an effective role in preventing, identifying and dealing with smuggling from the entry and exit points of the borders of Kurdistan province.

Border areas hold special significance at both the national and cross-border levels; however, they are often considered less developed and face numerous challenges. One of these challenges is the phenomenon of housing poverty. This research aims to identify the factors influencing rural housing poverty in border villages of Taybad County. The research methodology is descriptive-analytical in nature and has practical applications. Data were collected through library research and fieldwork (interviews) and analyzed using the grounded theory approach. The statistical population of this study consists of 17 inhabited villages located between Taybad and the Afghanistan border. The sample selection was conducted using purposive sampling method based on the criteria of experts relevant to the subject.

The findings of the research, obtained through a systematic grounded theory approach with a focused and systematic analysis of data in the stages of open, axial, and selective coding, identified the influential factors of housing poverty in the border villages of Taybad County, including economic, social, physical, environmental, and political-administrative factors.

The research results demonstrate that economic, social, physical, environmental, and political-administrative factors are influential in housing poverty in the border villages of Taybad County. Consequences such as intergenerational poverty, persistent poverty, and migration were identified. In this regard, strategies such as investment in employment sector, growth and increase in resilience credits, and attention to infrastructure and service provision are proposed as means to address these challenges.