نشریه پلاسما و نشانگرهای زیستی
سال هفدهم شماره 1 (پیاپی 65، زمستان 1402)

In recent years, nanotechnology has produced new forms of materials that are more effective than their predecessors. Magnesium plays a key role in many biological processes. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of nano magnesium oxide (Nano-MgO) on renal ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) as a common complication of renal vascular surgery or renal transplantation in a male rat model.

In this study, Induction of I/R injury was done through clamping left renal pedicle for 20 min. Animals were administrated with Nano-MgO (1.25, 2.5 and 5 mg/kg) for 30 days by gavage and then blood samples were collected and changes in serum albumin, total protein, urea and creatinine were examined and the data were statistically analyzed (p <0.05).

Our findings showed that Nano-MgO administration to renal I/R injury rats significantly attenuates serum creatinine and urea levels. Also, administration of Nano-MgO increased serum albumin and total protein levels.

The Nano-MgO administration preserves renal function and As a potent vasodilator, Nano-MgO may have been able to reduce kidney damage following ischemia-reperfusion induction.

Wellness requires the proper functioning of the immune system in all of the body systems. The immune system active by the cooperation of several immune sections. The immune cells and substances can identify and destroy foreign viral and microbial agents that worn out cells and cancer cells in the body. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of high-speed sports activity on the anti-inflammatory factors lysozyme, LL-37 and HDB-2 in the saliva of obese adolescent boys.

32 male students voluntarily participated in the present study and were randomly assigned to four groups: 1) obese aerobic exercise, 2) normal weight aerobic exercise, 3) obese control without exercise, and 4) normal weight control without exercise. Anthropometric indices of height, weight and body mass index were measured. Before and after eight weeks of practice, Shatell-Run standard test was performed. Salivary samples of lysozyme, lactoferrin, lactate and C-reactive protein concentrations were taken after eight weeks of training with a frequency of three sessions per week with an intensity of 30 to 90% of maximum aerobic power. Using analysis of covariance, variables with a significance level of less than (p≥0.05) were included in the analysis.

The results showed that the salivary levels of lysozyme (p=0.001), LL-37 (p=0.002), and HDB2 (p=0.001) increased significantly, and the amount of increase in obese students was higher than in people with normal weight.

The increased response of some salivary anti-inflammatory proteins following eight weeks of high-speed exercise training after increased activity may be due to the short-term responses of the immune system against the pressures caused by intense activity.

Wellness requires the proper functioning of the immune system in all of the body systems. The immune system active by the cooperation of several immune sections. The immune cells and substances can identify and destroy foreign viral and microbial agents that worn out cells and cancer cells in the body. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of high-speed sports activity on the anti-inflammatory factors lysozyme, LL-37 and HDB-2 in the saliva of obese adolescent boys.

32 male students voluntarily participated in the present study and were randomly assigned to four groups: 1) obese aerobic exercise, 2) normal weight aerobic exercise, 3) obese control without exercise, and 4) normal weight control without exercise. Anthropometric indices of height, weight and body mass index were measured. Before and after eight weeks of practice, Shatell-Run standard test was performed. Salivary samples of lysozyme, lactoferrin, lactate and C-reactive protein concentrations were taken after eight weeks of training with a frequency of three sessions per week with an intensity of 30 to 90% of maximum aerobic power. Using analysis of covariance, variables with a significance level of less than (p≥0.05) were included in the analysis.

The results showed that the salivary levels of lysozyme (p=0.001), LL-37 (p=0.002), and HDB2 (p=0.001) increased significantly, and the amount of increase in obese students was higher than in people with normal weight.

The increased response of some salivary anti-inflammatory proteins following eight weeks of high-speed exercise training after increased activity may be due to the short-term responses of the immune system against the pressures caused by intense activity.

Exposure to suspended particles (PM2.5) and gaseous air pollution poses a serious threat to spermatogenesis in men. However, the specific molecular mechanism behind this remains largely unknown. This study aims to investigate the impact of PM2.5 and gas pollution on various aspects including the oxidant/antioxidant system, oxidative stress and also the changes in the expression level of aquaporin protein through immunohistochemistry and western blotting in testicular tissue were investigated.

A total of 36 male Wistar rats were randomly divided into three groups: a control group exposed to standard air conditions, a group exposed to gas pollutants alone (Gas), and a group exposed to both gas pollutants and PM2.5 (Gas+PM2.5). All groups were subjected to pollutant exposure for three months, four days a week, and five hours a day.

The findings revealed that co-exposure to gaseous pollutants and PM2.5 led to increased concentration of Malondialdehyde (MDA), as well as decreased in aquaporin 9 protein in immunohistochemistry and western blot, compared to the control group.

Therefore, exposure to PM2.5 and gaseous pollutants probably provokes oxidative stress in the testis, which leads to the reduction of aquaporin 9 protein through the activation of signaling pathways. Thus, PM2.5 pollution appears to play a crucial role in infertility by disrupting spermatogenesis.

Banana peel has antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, healing and tissue repair properties, and due to its alkaline properties, it increases citrate and decreases urinary calcium, urea, and blood creatinine.

In this study, the effect of hydroalcoholic extract of banana peel on kidney stone disease induced by ethylene glycol was tested in 42 female Wistar rats in 6 groups in 31 days. Healthy control used only food and water, negative control group rats, used food, water, and 1% ethylene glycol solution. The control group 1, used food, water and solution of banana’s peel at concentrations of 100 mg / kg and 150 mg / kg orally. Experimental 1 used food, water, and 100 kg concentration of banana's skin extract solution with 1% ethylene glycol .Experimental 2 rats, used food , water, solution of banana's peel extract at concentration of 150 mg / kg with 1% ethylene glycol solution.. At the end of, blood of samples were collected for biochemical analysis.

The results showed that creatinine, uric acid, and urea increased in the blood of the negative control group, and for creatinine and urea the difference between negative control and healthy control and experimental control 2 was significant. In the uric acid factor, despite the increase in the negative control, the differences are not significant (P<0.05).

The results show the effectiveness of banana peel extract on kidney stones caused by ethylene glycol by inhibiting calcium oxalate formation pathways due to its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and antibacterial properties.

Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) as MMP2 and MMP9 degrade extracellular matrix. Lead (Pb) is a well-known environmental contaminant which could impair the activity of MMPs. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of N-acetylcysteine, as an antioxidant, on the expression of MMP2 and MMP9 genes in the liver of rats exposed with Pb.

In this study, the 30 male rats were randomly divided into five groups(n=6): 1) control, 2) acute dose of Pb (70 mg/kg), 3) acute dose of Pb (70 mg/kg) + continuous administration of NAC (50 mg/kg), 4) chronic dose of Pb (2 mg/kg), and 5) chronic dose of Pb (2 mg/kg) + continuous administration of NAC (50 mg/kg). Acute dose of Pb was administrated on the first day of study and chronic dose of Pb and Continuous administration of NAC was used every day for 4 weeks as gavage. Hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining was used to study histopathological changes. The expression of MMP2 and MMP9 genes was evaluated using Quantitative RT-PCR

In the liver of rats exposed with Lead (Pb) especially at chronic dose, was observed structural abnormality and increased inflammatory. Q-RT-PCR analysis showed the expression of MMP2a and MMP9 genes increased in Pb exposed liver and decreased in NAC administrated liver after Pb exposure.

Our results suggest that NAC can protect the liver of rats through downregulation of metalloproteinases after Pb exposure and decrease inflammation and tissue damage.