نشریه توسعه پایدار شهری
پیاپی 13 (زمستان 1402)

Effective factors are considered in recreation of urban inefficient textures as one of the measures that can be effective in reducing vulnerability of urban inefficient textures. This research has been done in order to evaluate the effective factors in regeneration of urban inefficient textures. After identifying the factors, it has prioritized the neighborhoods of Saqqez to intervene with a regenerative approach and has been used in order to collect information from two library and field methods MICMAC software is used in order to examine the relationship, effects and extracting key factors and the kiriging model has been used in a GIS environment to display the distribution of these factors in the neighborhoods. The CoCoSo decision-making model has been used according to key factors to rank localities in the city of Saqqez which is used from the FARE model to determine the weight and the importance of each factor in the CoCoSo and the research results showed that11 indicators have had the most impact among the 31 indicators as key factors in the regeneration of urban worn-out textures and the results show that Localities 2, 8 and 22 are acceptable and in opposite, Locations 6, 16, 17, 18 and 19 are inappropriate and unbearable, with high vulnerability according to the key effective factors in the regeneration of urban inefficient textures in the neighborhoods from the city of Saqqez (social participation, sense of belonging, employment and income, investment in the neighborhood, integrated management, supervision of construction and control of buildings, quality, passages, access to main roads and transportation, distance from incompatible uses, access to health services - medical, fire department, park and sports). It is one of the most important reasons for the inefficiency of these neighborhoods; The migration of villagers to these areas, Instability of buildings, sudden changes in urban management, disorganization, inconsistency in urban management, parallel operations on different devices and lack of interaction between citizens and city management. It is necessary attention to key effective factors in the realization of regeneration to reduce a lot of damage resulting from inefficient textures and the realization of regeneration in the neighborhoods from the Saqqez.

Social convergence and creating suitable conditions for its creation is one of the necessities of today's residential architecture. Because it seems that most of the residential buildings of contemporary architecture are not able to create privileged positions to establish suitable social interactions for their residents, and as a result, the result of such an event is the isolation and distance of residents from each other and neglecting the benefits of social architecture. Is. In other words, even though one of the main tasks of houses is to help promote social interactions between the residents of the house, this task has its special feeling in the houses and biological complexes of today's cities (influenced by the rules of contemporary urban planning). have lost Therefore, according to the existing findings, historical houses seem to provide these conditions in a suitable way, the question of the present research is that the reasons for the success of historical houses in this field What is? And what are the effective factors on promoting social interactions in historical houses? Therefore, this research seeks to investigate a number of historical houses in Isfahan city, using the classic foundation data research method and using the opinions of people who have a history of living in these houses, the factors affecting the ability to identify the social interactions in these houses. The results of the research show that, from the point of view of the interviewees, several factors are effective in promoting social interactions in historical houses, all of which have one point in common, and that is "creating physical and mental comfort and peace" for the residents. In addition, in a general classification, these factors can be divided into four categories: physical, functional, cultural-social, sensory-perceptual. Although all these factors have not been emphasized to the same extent from the point of view of the interviewees.

Fire has significant effects on soil structure and vegetation. This research aimed to study the effects of fire on some physical (specific gravity and soil moisture) and chemical (electrical conductivity, acidity, amount of organic carbon, amount of organic matter, and elements of nitrogen, potassium, and phosphorus) forest soil of Chenarmishvan, Siakhdarengoon region, Fars province, Iran. For this purpose, a forest area was selected in Chenarmishvan, which had been set on fire in 1400. Meanwhile, the control (non-fire) was sampled similarly. Sampling was done at a depth of 0-20 cm. Physical and chemical properties of soil were measured in both areas (burned and control) and were compared with an independent t-test at P< 0.05. The results showed that there was no significant difference between the two studied areas in terms of soil moisture. In addition, the specific gravity of the soil was not affected by the fire since this parameter showed no significant difference between the two investigated areas. The electrical conductivity of the soil in the burned area was significantly higher than that of the control. There was a significant difference the acidity of the soil between the two areas. The value of this parameter in the burned area was 8.08 ± 0.085, which was higher than the value obtained in the non-fired area (7.85 ± 0.067). Our results also showed that fire could significantly increase the amount of organic matter and organic carbon in the soil. Furthermore, the amount of the nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium in the burned area was significantly higher than the control. Based on our results, it can be concluded that burning can increase soil fertility in the short term. The findings of this study can be applied to many departments, such as those in charge of the environment and natural resources, with the goal of protecting the soil's beneficial properties and sustaining the region's ecosystem.

The main goal of this descriptive and inferential research is to present a green building evaluation system from the point of view of experts. In addition, a multi-criteria decision-making model using the Analytic Hierarchy Method (AHP) is used to evaluate and prioritize the criteria of green buildings. Also, using Wilcoxon and Friedman statistical inference, the importance of green building evaluation system criteria in Sabzevar city has been investigated. The method of work is as follows: first, the criteria of sustainable architecture were determined and the green building evaluation system was developed, and then the weight coefficient of each criterion was determined using Expert choice 11 software. Then 10 buildings from Sabzevar city were randomly selected and the importance of sustainability criteria in these buildings was determined using SPSS 16 software. The results of the paired comparisons of building sustainability criteria indicate that the water criterion with a weight of 0.2 (20%) is the most important among other criteria, followed by the technical quality criteria (weight 0.178). In relation to the investigation of sustainable architecture in Sabzevar city, the results of the Wilcoxon test show that the average of people's responses for most variables is close to the median value (0.625). Also, the results of the Friedman test show the ranking of the criteria so that the technical quality criterion with an average rating equal to 9.35 has won the first rank and the water criterion has obtained the last rank with an average rating equal to 2.10. Considering that from the point of view of the experts, the water standard is the most important, but from the point of view of the owners of the investigated buildings, water is ranked last, it is concluded that explaining and dealing with the water issue, especially in dry climates (such as Razavi Khorasan province) it is very necessary to pay attention to the problems that exist in this field.

In addition to its key position in structure of city,public _space of a city is a carrier of stories,meanings and cultural and social values of societies due to its perceptual and symbolic space.Therefore,it should have an interpretative role within its physical text and through its functional and semantic spectrum,it should be able to inject social values into the city's body that always read and interpreted.Therefore,not paying attention to the quality of meanings perceived from urban spaces can become the basis of identitylessness and social instability of cities.This issue becomes more important,especially in case of public_projects with high_audience,such as large shopping_centers.These centers,by creating meanings and images in people's minds,can be influential in the identity or placelessness of urban spaces.Unfortunately,some of these [i]S.C.in Tehran are far from the expected meaning and mental image, and in the form of an "independent_package_of context_meanings",they cause the creation of an undesirable mental_ image, and subsequently provide anonymity,social instability and a decrease in the quality of life in Tehran.so, the goal of the research is "to present a conceptual_model of creating a mental_image in Iranmal,7center and Saray_E_Delgosha S.C.in Tehran" In order to conduct this research, a mixed approach was used.First,"content analysis of texts" with document studies; It led to the extraction of the primary conceptual_model from mental_image.Then,with Delphi_method and interviews with urban_planning_experts,emphasizing three_S.C.and NVivo11, new_indicators were extracted,which led to the evolution of the initial conceptual model.In order to verify the effectiveness of the indicators obtained in the conceptual model on the creation of mental image in three S.C.survey_method was conducted with a questionnaire from citizens and data was analyzed in SPSS with a sample_T_test.Finally, the significance analysis between the components and indicators of the conceptual model was done with Pearson's_correlation test in SPSS and the conceptual model of the study was confirmed.findings show that mental_image in the three mentioned centers can be caused by 3_components(spatial,temporal,social),and 6sub-components (profile,symbolic,imitative,perception of memories,historical_place and sustainable_social_values)and 22indicators. Based on this, the idea that is formed in people's minds, is caused by the spatial, temporal and social_components which is implemented with physical, activity and scale measures, to establish balance between the objective and mental approach.

In today's society, the urban heat island is considered as one of the most important emerging natural hazards. It is in the form of a difference in the surface temperature of urban areas compared to the surrounding areas due to various ecological, morphological and topographical reasons. This research investigated the thermal islands of Tabriz city, as one of the most important population and industrial centers of Iran, in its 8th region as a case study, using Landsat 8 images. The objectives of this research included extracting, locating and analyzing the phenomenon of urban heat islands in the study area by using specific algorithms and preparing relevant maps and checking with the type of materials used, identifying two hot heat islands in the center and west with a temperature of 33.48 degrees Celsius and one island It followed a cold temperature in the north of the region with a temperature of 20.02 degrees Celsius. In the following, the influential indicators in the heat islands of the urban land were evaluated in the study area. According to the review of key and referenced articles and the review of other sources and authoritative books, in this study, the factors affecting the urban heat island are divided into two categories of uncontrollable climatic factors, controllable factors of urbanization and city construction, and factors related to and influenced by urbanization. which consists of: 1- Uncontrollable climatic factors: these factors include solar radiation, speed and intensity and direction of wind, height above sea level, direction of slope, vegetation cover, green space per capita and proximity to large bodies of water such as rivers and the sea. 2-Controllable factors of urban development and city construction and affected by urban development: which include street width, building height, building orientation, building occupation level, building density, building facade, building roof and open space per capita. The amount of positive or negative effects of the mentioned factors on urban heat islands requires a comprehensive investigation of the factors through field visits. Now, in this research, after examining the influencing indicators and determining the heat islands, the impact of surface materials as one of the effective components on urban heat islands compared to other components is comprehensively evaluated. After analyzing the 15 main factors determined for the 8th area of ​​Tabriz and field observations of the main materials used in the area, which were mostly cement and clay, and determining the albedo, thermal radiation emission rate, heat capacity and solar reflectance of the colors in the area, we came to the conclusion that with More or less the entire region is one of the most effective indicators of heat islands, the main difference in urban temperature difference can be seen in the type of pavement materials used and its color in the designated heat islands. Where the cold thermal island i.e. the covered market of Tabriz, despite the almost identical conditions with the existing heating islands in most of the determined indicators, the main difference was in the new paving materials that marble and light reflective materials were used. Therefore, urban shell materials play the most important role in reducing heat intake, storage and transfer to the urban environment. Finally, practical solutions have been presented in connection with the use of cool materials in the construction of designated thermal islands in District 8 of Tabriz city.