مجله دانشکده پزشکی اصفهان
پیاپی 755 (هفته سوم فروردین 1403)

Vaginal agenesis is one of the important abnormality consequences of mullein duct formation defects in the reproductive health system. It's mainly seen in Myer-Rakitaneskia syndrome. The vagina agenesis can be corrected by neo- vagina surgery.

The seventy- two patients affected with vagina agenesis, who have surgeries by sigmoid vaginoplasty in Maryam hospital in Alborz province, participated in this retrospective study during 2018-2023. Patients were followed between 3 months to 4.5 years after surgery for operation outcomes.

The minimum age of the patient was 13, and the oldest was 40. Seven of the patients had Mc-Indoe's surgery history. The adverse outcomes of surgery were: bleeding at 5 (6.9%), pain at 3(4.1%), scant vaginal discharge at 3(4.1%), surgery site infection at 2 (2.7%), Vaginal tightness at 2(2.7%), and rectovaginal fistula at 3 (4.1%), respectively. At six and twelve months after the surgery, only two patients had complained of vaginal discharge. After sigmoid vaginoplasty surgery, five patients have successfully married. All patients had sexual function satisfaction.

Considering the usefulness of surgery with sigmoid graft in vaginal agenesis patients, the possibility of creating a suitable channel for sexual activity, few complications, and the possibility of communicating for up to 3 weeks after discharge, vaginoplasty with sigmoid graft is an appropriate method for treating patients without a vagina.

Depression is a predictor of cognitive impairment in aged people. This study aimed to compare the effect of Vitamin D, integrated cognitive rehabilitation therapy (CRT), transcranial alternating current stimulation (tACS), and a combination of CRT and tACS on depression in patients with mild cognitive impairment (MCI).

The present study is a semi-experimental clinical trial study in which 32 people with mild cognitive impairment were randomly assigned to four treatment groups after completing the Beck Depression Test and the Mocha Test. CRT, tACS, and CRT + tACS interventions were held twice a week for 12 sessions each. Each session of CRT and tACS lasted 20 minutes, and each session of cognitive rehabilitation treatment plus TACS was performed for 40 minutes, and the group receiving vitamin D; received 20 micrograms equivalent to 800 IU of vitamin D daily for six weeks. Before conducting the research, the Beck depression test (BDI) and MoCA test were taken, and at the end of the research, BDI was taken to check the effectiveness of treatments on reducing depression. To analyze the results, the repeated measurement statistical test with a significance level of less than 0.05 was used.

The results showed that the depression scores decreased significantly in the cognitive rehabilitation intervention group from 11 to 9. However, no significant difference was observed in the transcranial alternating current stimulation (tACS) and combination of CRT and tACS and vitamin D groups.

According to the present study, CRT decreased depression scores in MCI, and it is more effective in reducing depression compared to tACS, CRT+tACS, and vitamin D.

Secondary metabolites derived from cyanobacteria exhibit diverse applications in biotechnology, particularly in the field of medicine. Throughout history, cyanobacteria have received less attention compared to other microbial sources of natural products despite their potential. Therefore, this review aims to explore the recent advancements in the medical and therapeutic applications of cyanobacteria, aiming to further understand the valuable medicinal potential of these organisms.

In this paper, relevant articles published between 2020 and 2023 were scrutinized in databases such as Springer, ScienceDirect, Scopus, and John Wiley to obtain the latest findings regarding the medical applications of cyanobacteria. Utilizing the MeSH database, appropriate keywords were identified, leading to the selection of 66 recent reviews and research articles for comprehensive analysis.

Biologically active molecules derived from cyanobacteria have a wide range of activities, including antimicrobial, antibacterial, antiviral, anti-inflammatory, antitumor, antimalarial, immunosuppressive, anti-HIV, and protease inhibitory activities. Indeed, cyanobacteria serve as a valuable microbial source for the production of novel drugs, requiring only basic minerals for growth.

Modern techniques and microwave-assisted extraction methods enable the rapid isolation of bioactive compounds from cyanobacteria. These approaches play a pivotal role in in developing new therapies and further utilization of cyanobacteria in advancing green technologies in the future.