فصلنامه تحقیقات اقتصاد و توسعه کشاورزی ایران
سال پنجاه و پنجم شماره 1 (بهار 1403)

Information and telecommunication technology development and expansion of digital technology in daily communications and interactions have affected every aspects of man’s life. Without these communicational technologies, following the everyday life is not easy. Dairy farm products are essential for daily nutrient needs of individuals and the industry is also deeply changed by information technology. The present descriptive survey study is an attempt to examine the effects of digital empowering on Intelligence Business. The study population was of dairy farms (industrial and traditional) units in Kermanshah City (n=152). Sampling was done though stratified sampling. Data gathering was done using a researcher-designed questionnaire of which the validity and reliability were supported by a panel of experts and Cronbach’s alpha. The collected data was analyzed in SPSS18 and Amos. As the findings showed, there was a positive and significant relationship between technical capabilities and legal, economic, and psychological factors (CI = 99%). Moreover, there was a positive and significant relationship between intelligence Business and economic factors and technical competencies (CI = 99%). The study concludes with recommendations for policymakers and officials.

Strengthening the farmers’ social responsibility behavior (FSRB) to sustainable use of agricultural water has been known as an essential component in achieving sustainable agriculture goals. In this regard, scholars have more focused on the behavioral models and neglected the fundamental role of multigroup socio-cultural characteristics in explaining the FSRB. Hence, the purpose of this empirical study which its data were collected by a researcher-made questioner was investigating the farmers’ social responsibility about sustainable use of water according to some of their most important demographic characteristics in Bilevar plain, Kermanshah, Iran (N= 3500). The stratified random sampling method was used to select statistical population in Razavar and Mian Darband districts (n= 263). The reliability and validity of the research tool was confirmed by experts’ panel and as well as using Cronbach’s alpha coefficient, average variance extracted (AVE), Composite reliability (CR), and rho-A statistics. Results of the second-order factor analysis indicated that among multiple dimensions of social responsibility, economic responsibility (0.695) has largest contribution in explaining FSRB. The results of the ANOVA analysis showed that there is a significant difference between farmers’ social responsibility to sustainable use of water according to their annual incomes; So that with the increase in the farmers' income, their responsibility decreased significantly. Finally, the result of the univariate variance analysis showed that despite positive and significant effect of farmers’ attitude on their social responsibility behavior to sustainable use of water, its interactive effect with the farmers income don’t have a significant effect on their actual behavior.

Because agriculture plays a major role in economic growth, food security, foreign exchange, and rural development, investments in its productive sector are extremely important. Thus, this study's primary goal was to examine the variables influencing the growth of investment in the agriculture industry. All of Kermanshah's farmers (N = 34386) were included in the research's statistical population.  A simple random method was used to select 264 of them for the study using Bartlett's sampling table. The primary tool used in this study was a questionnaire, and content validity was used to determine its validity. Cronbach's Alpha coefficient (α=0/71) was computed to assess the reliability of the questionnaire. SPSS22 software was used for data analysis. The results showed that eight factors—infrastructure, education and information, institutional development in agriculture (effective and appropriate laws and regulations), farmer economic conditions, support and credit facilities, investment security, price stability, and quantity and quality of production factors—affect agricultural investment in the studied area. These factors accounted for 77.707% of the variance in the factors' total variation. The development and strengthening of infrastructure, equipment, and access to new technologies, as well as the preparation of strategic programs to raise the level of financial literacy, knowledge, and agricultural skills, will therefore lead to the development of investment in the agricultural sector. As a result, education and information have emerged as the three most significant determinants of investment in the agricultural sector.

The purpose of this research was to Analysis of Affective Factors on the Knowledge of new Technologies among Grapes Growers in Aywangharb, Ilam province. The study is a descriptive-correlational, survey research. The study population were Grapes Growers in Aywangharb, ilam province, were 95 people, which were selected through "proportionate stratified random sampling" technique (the sample size was determined using Cochran’s formula of 60 people). Data Collecting was done by questionnaire. Content validity of the questionnaire was verified by a panel of experts and professors of agricultural extension and education. Cronbach's alpha coefficient was used to determine the validity of the questionnaires and its value was higher than 0.8. Findings in the study indicate that a majority of the Grapes Growers were on medium level of knowledge of grape’s new technologies. The results showed that there was a significant positive correlation between Grapes Growers knowledge of new technologies grapes and information sources and communication channels rate of use, amount Land, profits, number of households, average production, type of gardening system and History of gardening activity. Also the regression analysis showed that rate of access to extension services and Profit from hectare explained 38/6% variance of knowledge of new technologies grapes.

This research aims to investigate the underdeveloped areas in the agricultural sector of Kurdistan province, employing the theoretical frameworks of economic-social underdevelopment, local development, and grounded theory. The primary objective is to propose solutions to activate key sectors of the province's development and overcome existing obstacles. The research methodology utilizes grounded theory, with data gathered through semi-structured interviews conducted with experts, elites, activists, and officials in the agricultural sector of Kurdistan province. Thematic analysis is employed to analyze the collected data. The findings reveal that Kurdistan province is characterized by underdevelopment in the agricultural domain, and the main achievement of this research is the development of a paradigmatic model illustrating the underdevelopment of agriculture in the province. According to this model, the underdevelopment of agriculture in Kurdistan province can be attributed to the interplay between traditional livelihood activities and modern practices, as well as the neglect of agricultural capacities in the province and a lack of coordination among development organizations. Factors contributing to underdevelopment in the agricultural sector include inheritance laws, land fragmentation, and traditional agricultural systems. Additionally, inadequate continuous training, limited access to training and promotional workshops, insufficient financial capacity of the private and public sectors for investment in the agricultural domain, stringent loan conditions, and a lack of participation and investment culture in the industrial sector, particularly in agricultural and processing industries, act as significant intervening factors in the underdevelopment process. The consequences of this situation encompass the neglect of agricultural product processing and branding industries in the province, the absence of a driving force for the sector's development, and the marginalization of agricultural capacities in the province's overall development process. To address these issues, the study recommends the adoption of substantive development policies and programs, focusing on enhancing production efficiency and diversifying agricultural products and activities.

The present study investigates the role of demographic-personal factors and livelihood capitals on the evolution of farmers' resilience to climate change in the Ghezel Ozan River basin located in Zanjan Province. For this purpose, a survey method was used. The statistical population of the study was 36281 farmers living in the studied area. Using Morgan and Krejcie's random sampling table and stratified random sampling method with proportional allocation, 384 farmers were selected as the statistical sample. The data collection tool was a researcher-made questionnaire the reliability of which was determined by Cronbach's alpha method. Cronbach's alpha coefficient was 0.705-0.865, which reflects the optimal reliability of the questionnaire. The step by step diagnostic analysis technique was used for data analysis. The results of the diagnostic analysis showed that the variables of human capital, the years of agricultural work experience, economic capital, physical capital and finally, the social capital are influential on categorizing the farmers in terms of their climate change resilience. Generally, it can be said that the prediction accuracy of the model is about 67.2%. For future studies, it is suggested to consider the impact of external factors such as government policies, mass media and market-driven institutional and cognitive factors.

Iran ranks fifth in apple production in the world, and Damavand apple has good production in this regard, but this product does not have a suitable brand in national and international markets. The purpose of this research was to analyze the branding challenges of Sib Damavand: through the application of foundational data theory. The research method was qualitative and it was based on the data theory. The statistical population were specialists and experts in the field of branding agricultural products, who were selected using the purposeful sampling method and the snowball technique. Sampling continued until theoretical saturation was reached and finally 15 people were selected as a sample. The data was collected through semi-structured interviews. For data coding, maxqda12 software was used to validate the results using the Lincoln and Goba evaluation method. Retest reliability (consistency index) and intrasubject agreement method (reproducibility index) were validation methods. The results showed; Retest reliability index is 79% and intra-subject agreement is 76%. Based on this, a foundational theory of the challenges of Damavand apple branding was drawn. The central phenomenon of Damavand apple branding challenges and causal conditions (expectations and experience of customers, international competition, attitude and knowledge of farmers, abuse of product names, sales and marketing issues) and strategies (branding knowledge, strengthening organizations, Incentives and drivers, government and agricultural jihad role), background conditions (Ability to produce products with high quality and quantity, skilled manpower, knowledge and communication and access to the market), intervening conditions (brand cost, market monopoly, export, research and development) and finally cause Creating consequences (more sales and higher prices, development of exports, increase in income and development of the agricultural sector of the city) were drawn.Key words: Branding, Damavand apple, grounded theory, competition, export.

The present research was conducted with the purpose of content analysis of the elements of Isenberg’s model of an entrepreneurial ecosystem in the context of agricultural higher education system. This study was led with an inductive approach, using a qualitative content analysis method. This study with using purposive sampling, startup activists were analyzed in two sections of private and public sector. The MAXQDA12 software was used to manage and analyze data. First, the semantic units were extracted from the interview transcripts. Then these units were categorized according to their common themes. And finally, based on their correlations, the categories were put into seperate classifications called “themes”. According to the findings, the subcomponent of “alignment of universities with the ecosystem” from the component of human capital, the subcomponent of “access to various financial resources” from the component of financial capital, the subcomponent of “market access” from the component of market, the subcomponents of “entrepreneurial attitude” and “entrepreneurship culture” from the component of culture, the subcomponent of “providing infrastructure” from the component of support, and the subcomponent of “legislation” from the component of policy were found to be of the highest level of importance. Moreover, the components of policy and human capital were found to have the first and second priorities respectively, followed by the components of culture, support, market and financial resources which came after considering the level of importance. In the other words, governments, through legislation, and universities, through educational capacities, have the main roles in the development of ecosystem and consequently, the development of the country's entrepreneurship.

One of the factors influencing product performance is dust storms. Accordingly, it has been attempted to evaluate the economic assessment of dust storm damage on the performance of agricultural products in Khuzestan province, the effective factors and the amount of tendency to pay using the conditional valuation method were calculated, up to the extent and role of any effective factor. Be determined on the likelihood of a willingness to pay. Finally, using estimated models, approximate damage was determined for various agricultural groups. Information about the variables of the research was completed by referring to cities and different seasons in Khuzestan province and for 1397-98 from farmers who had independent incomes. To determine the sample, Michael and Carson formula (1989) was used, with a sample of 372 subjects. Sampling was used by cluster sampling method. To calculate the total damage of the dust, first, using the results of the Logit model, the tendency to pay monthly people was obtained to improve damage. Then the tendency to pay annually of each farmers and the entire province was calculated.The results of the conditional valuation method were obtained as approximate damage of different groups of products, which had the highest and garden products with 330250 rials with 330250 rials, and the rest of the products included vegetables with 583200, cereals with 534400, legumes with 483520, forage with 353240, rials, the tendency to pay for a month. Also, the amount of damage to cereal, finance, vegetables, legumes, forage and garden was obtained 6412, 7395, 6998, 5802, 4238 and 3963 thousand rials per year for each exploitation, and ultimately estimated damages for the entire province for the groups of products Grain, grain, vegetables, legumes, forage and garden respectively 387, 384, 275, 127, 126 and 98 billion rials.In total, total damage was estimated to be 1397 billion annual rials for the entire province, compared with the value of agricultural production for 1396, as much as 1.2%, and it can be said that the amount of damage is a significant amount that requires control of control policies to control dust storms Appropriate international and domestic necessary.