نشریه رویش روان شناسی
سال سیزدهم شماره 5 (پیاپی 98، امرداد 1403)

The present study investigated the mediating role of cognitive control and goal orientation relationship between spiritual intelligence and conscientiousness with flow experience. The research method was descriptive-correlation based on structural equation modeling. The statistical population included Farhangian University of Guilan students in 2022-2023. Some 450 students were selected using the convenience sampling method. The research tools include goal orientation (AGQ) (1999), conscientiousness subscale from Neo's five-factor (PI-R) (1992), flow experience (1996), spiritual intelligence (2017) cognitive control (CCFQ) (2018). Structural equation analysis was used to analyze the data. The results showed the optimal fit of the research model. The result showed that spiritual intelligence and conscientiousness have a significant direct effect on flow (P<0/01), Spiritual intelligence and conscientiousness do not have an indirect impact on the flow through goal orientation (P> 0.05). These results show that cognitive control can explain the flow due to the role of spiritual intelligence and conscientiousness.

The purpose of this study was to compare the effectiveness of sexual education and marital relationship education on marital commitment in immigrant married women. The research method was semi-experimental with a pre-test-post-test design The statistical population of the research included married Iranian women in 2022-2023 who had immigrated to the Emirate during the last 5 years. 45 people were convenience Sampling selected and randomly divided into three groups (each group of 15 people). The research tool included The Revised Marital Conflicts Questionnaire (MCQ-R) Thanai (2007) and the Dimensions of Commitment Inventory (DCI) Adams and Jones (1997). One of the experimental groups received sexual education in 10 sessions 2-hour and the other experimental group received marital relationship training in 10 sessions 2-hour once a week. A mixed variance analysis was used to analyze the data. The results showed that apart from the personal component (P<0.05), the sexual education group had no significant effect on the moral and structural components of marital commitment (P>0.05). The marital relationship training group had a significant and stable effect on all three components of marital commitment (P<0.01). Finally, the marital relationship education group had a significant and stable effect on all three components of marital commitment compared to sexual education (P<0.01). The results showed that marital relationship education was probably a more effective intervention compared to sexual education to improve the marital commitment of married immigrant women.

The present study aimed to investigate the mediating role of compassion in the relationship between emotional intelligence and the psychological well-being of adolescent girls. The research method used was descriptive correlation using structural modeling. The statistical population included teenage girls from first to third grades (second secondary) of high schools in Melair City in the academic year of 2022-2023, and 452 people were selected as the sample size by the available sampling method. The research tools included   Ryff's Psychological Well-Being Scale (RSPWB) Riff (1989), Schutte Emotional Intelligence Scale (SEIS) Shot et al. (1998), and Compassion Questionnaire (CS) Nas and Sack (2020). Structural equation analysis was used to analyze the data. The results showed the optimal fit of the research model. The results showed that emotion regulation (P=0.002) and emotion exploitation (P=0.005) as two components of emotional intelligence as well as compassion (P=0.05) have a significant direct effect on psychological well-being. However, emotional expression did not significantly affect psychological well-being (P<0.05). Also, the results showed that emotion regulation (P=0.04) has an important indirect effect on psychological well-being, but emotion exploitation and emotion expression did not show a significant indirect effect (P<0.05). These results show that compassion, considering the role of emotion regulation as a component of emotional intelligence, can explain the psychological well-being of adolescent girls.

The present study aimed to compare the effectiveness of Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT) and Mindful Self-Compassion Therapy (MSCT) on psychological distress and sleep quality in employed women suffering from migraine headaches. The present research employed a quasi-experimental design with a pre-test-post-test and control group. The population of the study included all employed women suffering from migraine headaches in Rasht city in the year 2023. Sixty individuals were deliberately chosen from this pool and then randomly allocated into three groups, each consisting of 20 participants: experimental group 1, experimental group 2, and a control group. The Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scale (DASS-42, Lovibond & Lovibond, 1995) and the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI, Buysse et al., 1988) were used to collect data. Both experimental groups received interventions of ACT and MSCT once a week for a duration of 8 sessions, each lasting 90 minutes. The data were analyzed using multivariate analysis of covariance in SPSS24. The results indicated that, after controlling for the pre-test effects, there was a significant difference in the post-test mean scores of depression, anxiety, stress, and sleep quality among the three groups (P<0.01). Additionally, no significant difference was observed in the post-test mean scores between the ACT and MSCT groups at the 0.05 level (P>0.05). Based on the findings of this study, there is no significant difference between the effectiveness of ACT and MSCT.

Emotion regulation is one of the topics of interest to many researchers which has been studied from various aspects and has a long antiquity in human history. Emotion regulation means the external and internal processes that are responsible for monitoring, evaluating, and improving a person's emotional responses to achieve their goals. Generally, the aim of the present study is a narrative review of the emotion regulation structure and its role in psychopathology and mental disorders. The present study was conducted by searching databases including Pub Med, Science Direct, Scopus, and ResearchGate with keywords emotion, emotion regulation, and emotion management, and it has been done by reviewing the studies published between 1990 and 2023. 6781 articles were found in the initial search. Articles that were summaries of articles, and short reports without access to the full text of the article were excluded from the study, and 82 articles were selected from the remaining articles following the purpose of the research. A review of the research shows that there is no consensus regarding the definition of the structure of emotion regulation and emphasis on the very important and key role of this structure in psychopathology, health and illness of people and some disorders such as depression, social anxiety, and schizophrenia have a direct relationship with the constant use of some specific emotion regulation strategies. In addition, a review of the research conducted on the role of emotion regulation in psychopathology and mental disorders shows the need for more research on the role of emotion regulation in some mental disorders, including personality disorders.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the mediating role of maladaptive emotion regulation in the relationship between dark personality traits and cyber aggression. The descriptive-correlation research method was path analysis. The research community was formed by all the students of Tabriz University in 1402-1403, from which 390 people were selected as a sample by multi-stage cluster random sampling. The tools of this research included the Dark Five Personality Traits Questionnaire (DPQ) by Yousefi et al. (1400), the short form of the Cognitive Emotion Regulation Questionnaire (CERQ) by Garnefsky and Kraich (2006), and the Cyber Aggression Questionnaire (CYBA) by Álvarez-García et al. (2016). The path analysis method was used to analyze the research data. The findings showed that among the dark traits, the direct effect of Machiavellianism, narcissism, and spitefulness on cyber aggression was significant (P<0.01). Also, the results showed that the indirect effect of Machiavellianism, narcissism, and spitefulness (P<0.01) through maladaptive emotion regulation on cyber aggression was significant. In addition, the fit indices showed that the final model has a good fit. From the above findings, it can be concluded that maladaptive emotion regulation can play a role in the influence of dark personality traits on cyber aggression.

This study aimed to predict adolescents' tendency to violence based on family conflicts with the mediating role of the quality of parent-child relationships. The present study was a descriptive-correlation type of path analysis. The statistical population of the research was made up of all the boys and girls studying in the second level of secondary school in Ardabil in the academic year of 2022-2023, and a sample of 312 people was selected by cluster sampling method. The tools of this research included the Iranian adolescent's risk-taking scale (IARS, Zadeh Mohammadi et al., 2007), the parent-adolescent conflict questionnaire (PACQ, Younesi et al., 2011), and the parent-child relationship scale (PCRS, Moreland and Shovel, 1983). The data were analyzed using the path analysis method. The results of the path analysis indicated the appropriate fit of the model. The findings showed that there is a positive relationship between family conflicts and adolescents' tendency to violence, and there is a negative and significant relationship between the quality of parent-child relationships with violent tendencies and family conflicts (p<0.01). quality of parent-child relationships played a mediating role between family conflicts and teenagers' tendency to violence (p<0.001). It can be concluded that family conflicts and the quality of parent-child relationships play a key role in adolescents' tendency to violence, and it is necessary to pay attention to these factors in interaction with each other in programs to reduce adolescents' tendency to violence.

Single-session therapy (SST) is the briefest type of short-term therapy and a different perspective on therapy, which has been more than thirty years since its initial research and implementation at the international level. The purpose of this study was to examine the evidence about the effectiveness and satisfaction of clients from SST, which was conducted using a Scoping Review method. For this purpose, the search was conducted through international scientific databases PubMed, ScienceDirect, Google Scholar, and PsycINFO. The keywords used in the search included "Single Session Therapy", "Single Session Counseling", "Single Session Psychotherapy", "One Session Therapy", "One-off Consultation", "Single Session Intervention", and "Walk-in Therapy". In the first stage of the search, 585 article titles were found. The inclusion criteria were studies where the client and the therapist intended to conduct the counseling session only in a single session. At the same time, researchers who had carried out specific methods to treat disorders and research related to medical illnesses were excluded from the search process. After checking the titles, and abstracts and excluding irrelevant, repetitive, or unavailable articles, only articles that determined the effectiveness and satisfaction of clients with the SST method were selected and further evaluated using the RISMA-ScR protocol. As a result, 21 studies were selected for more detailed review. Since single-session therapy is a relatively new topic, no restrictions on the year of publication or the target community were considered for the search of articles, and these findings include all the studies conducted from this database up to August 2023. The results showed that SST is effective for a wide range of issues and problems, and the majority of clients participating in this one session had a positive and satisfactory experience and considered the one session sufficient to improve their issues. The results of this study can be useful for therapists who are not familiar with the Single Session Therapy method and are not aware of its effectiveness, as well as for clients who refrain from therapy due to the length of the process and can increase their interest in counseling.

The current research aimed to model mental health predictability based on incompatible schemas with the mediation of loneliness among young people in Iranian sojourn. The research method was the descriptive-correlation type of path analysis. The statistical population in this research was formed by young Iranians who live in countries outside of Iran in 2023. Therefore, using the available sampling method, 200 young people outside Iran were selected. The measurement tools in this research were mental health status questionnaires (GHQ, Goldberg and Miller, 1972), early maladaptive schemas (YSQ, Young, 1998), and Russell's feelings of loneliness (UCLQ, Russell, 1993). Pearson correlation tests and path analysis were used to analyze the data. The findings showed that the research model was a good fit. Also, the findings showed that the incompatible schemas of cut and rejection, impaired self-management and performance, orientation towards mental health, excessive listening, and impaired inhibition and limitations, respectively, through the feeling of loneliness, affect the mental health of Iranian youth. Residents outside Iran have a positive indirect effect (P<0.01). As a result, one of the factors influencing the feeling of loneliness of immigrant youth is the early behavior of parents during childhood and the schemas that are deeply and fundamentally formed in a person's mind and affect all behaviors, thoughts, and feelings, and as a result, their mental health. are influential.

The present study was conducted to compare the effectiveness of schema therapy and metacognitive therapy on the emotional expression of conflicted women. The research method was semi-experimental with a pre-test-post-test design and a control group with a three-month follow-up period. The statistical population of the present study included all conflicted women who were referred to counseling clinics and psychological services in the 1st district of Tehran in 2023, from which 45 women were selected using the available sampling method and were randomly assigned to two experimental groups and one control group. The measurement tools included the Sanai Marital Conflict Questionnaire (MCQ, 2000) and King and Emmons's Emotional Expression Questionnaire (EEQ, 1990). The intervention based on schema therapy and metacognitive therapy was implemented in 8 two-hour sessions, twice a week, as a group for the first and second experimental groups. Analysis of variance with repeated measurements was used for data analysis. The findings showed that there was a significant difference between the pre-test and post-test averages of the three groups in emotional expression (positive emotion expression, negative emotion expression, and intimacy expression) at a significance level of P<0.05, and in addition, there was a significant difference between the post-test and follow-up at the P<0.05 level was not observed. Also, there was a significant difference between the post-test and follow-up averages in the two test groups at the P<0.05 level. From the above findings, it can be concluded that schema therapy is more effective than metacognitive therapy.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the mediating role of perceived stress in the relationship between mindfulness, self-compassion, and health-enhancing lifestyle in working women. The descriptive-correlational research method was structural equation modeling. The statistical population was all women working in government organizations and offices of Tehran province in 1401, from which 400 women were selected as a sample. The research tools are the Five Factor Mindfulness Questionnaire (FFMQ, Bauer et al., 2006), the Short Form Self-Compassion Scale (SCS-SF, Rais et al., 2003), the Perceived Stress Questionnaire (PSS, Cohen et al. et al., 1983) and the Health Promoting Lifestyle Profile (HPLPII, Walker et al., 1987). The data were analyzed by structural equation analysis. The findings showed the optimal fit of the data with the proposed research model. Mindfulness and perceived stress had a significant direct effect on a health-promoting lifestyle (P<0.001) But the direct effect of self-compassion on a health-promoting lifestyle was not significant (P=0.008). Also, mindfulness and self-compassion with the mediation of perceived stress had a significant direct effect on health-promoting lifestyle (P < 0.001). From these findings, it can be concluded that increasing mindfulness and self-compassion reduces perceived stress in working women and increases health-promoting lifestyle.

This study aimed to determine the effectiveness of Captain's Log computerized cognitive rehabilitation on reading performance and executive functions of dyslexic students. The research method was semi-experimental with a pre-test-post-test design, a control group, with a one-month follow-up period. The statistical population included all dyslexic male and female students aged 8-12  who had been referred to the Education and Rehabilitation Center for Special Learning Difficulties No. 2, District 1, Karaj City, in the academic year 2021-2022. Among them, 30 students were purposefully included in the study and were randomly assigned to two test groups (15 people in each group). The intervention group students were subjected to Captain's Log computerized cognitive rehabilitation intervention for 45 minutes twice a week for 10 sessions. The research tools included the reading and dyslexia test (RDT-NEMA - Karami Nouri and Moradi, 2014), the executive performance behavior rating list (BRIEF - Givia et al., 2000), and the Captain's Log software (2018 version). Data analysis was done by variance analysis with repeated measurements. The findings showed a significant difference between the post-test average reading performance and executive functions in the experimental and control groups (P < 0.01). In addition, the results showed that this intervention could significantly maintain its effect over time (P < 0.01). It can be concluded that with the help of Captain's Log computer-based cognitive rehabilitation, an effective step can be taken to improve the reading performance and executive functions of dyslexic students.

The present study was conducted to explain the mental health model based on infertility stress with the mediation of perceived stress in infertile women. The research method was the descriptive-correlation type of structural equation analysis. The statistical population in this research was made up of all women who were referred to Royan Infertility Center and Sarem Hospital in Tehran for infertility treatment in 2023. Therefore, by referring to these centers examining the files of infertile women and taking into account the inclusion criteria, 270 of them were selected as the research sample. The measurement tools were perceived stress questionnaires (PSS), Cohen, 1983), infertility stress (FPI, Newton, 1999), and mental health (GHQ, Goldberg, and Hiller, 1972). Data analysis was done using Pearson correlation and structural equations software. The results of the fit of the proposed model indicated a good fit of the model with the data. Based on the findings, infertility stress has a positive and significant effect on mental health and perceived stress (P<0.01). Also, perceived stress has a positive and significant effect on mental health (P<0.01). Also, by entering the perceived stress variable into the model, the indirect effect of infertility stress on mental health became significant (P<0.01). Therefore, the results of this research showed the importance of perceived stress as a mediating variable in the relationship between infertility stress and the mental health of infertile women.

The present study investigates the mediating role of academic enthusiasm in the relationship between academic identity and female students’ sense of belonging to the school. It is a descriptive-correlational study through the structural equation method. The statistical population included all female secondary school students in Khorramabad city in the academic year of 2022-2023 and 800 students were selected using available sampling. evaluated by the sense of belonging to school questionnaire (SBSQ, Brew et al., 2004), Academic Identity Statuses Scale (AISS, Was & Isaacson, 2008), and academic enthusiasm scale (AES, Fredricks et al., 2004). Data analysis was done by the structural equation method. the results showed the proposed research model had a good fit. The findings showed that the direct and positive effect of academic identity achievement academic identity achievement on the sense of belonging, and the direct and negative effect of academic identity diffusion on the sense of belonging, are significant. The direct effect of academic enthusiasm on the sense of belonging is significant (P=0.001). The direct effect of achievement, diffusion, and academic identity moratorium on academic enthusiasm is significant (P=0.001). The indirect effect of achievement (P<0/001), diffusion (P<0/01), foreclose (P<0/05), and academic identity moratorium (P<0/001) on sense belonging with the mediating role of academic enthusiasm is significant. Thus, academic enthusiasm plays a mediating role in the relationship between academic identity and a sense of belonging.

The present study was conducted to investigate the mediating role of cognitive emotion regulation strategies in the relationship between psychological distress and suicidal thoughts in women who experienced love failure. The descriptive-correlation research method was Path Analysis. The statistical population of the present study consisted of all women who experienced love failure in the city of Tehran in 2023, out of which 250 people were selected through a targeted sampling method through an internet call among social network users. The data were collected by Beck et al.'s suicidal ideation questionnaire (1979, BSSI), Levibond and Levibond's depression, anxiety, and stress scale (1995, DASS), and Gross and John's (2003, CERQ) cognitive emotion regulation questionnaire. was collected The obtained data were analyzed through correlation coefficient test and Path Analysis. The results showed that there is a positive and significant correlation between psychological distress and its components with suicidal ideation (P<0.01). Also, the results indicated the confirmation of the mediating role of cognitive emotion regulation strategies in the relationship between psychological distress and suicidal thoughts in women who experienced love failure (P<0.01). The modified model also had a favorable fit. Therefore, it is possible to reduce the consequences of suicidal thoughts in these people by providing timely and appropriate interventions and training to strengthen emotional-cognitive skills and reduce psychological distress in women who have experienced love failure.

The present study was conducted to predict sexual relationship anxiety based on sexual self-concept and sexual schemas in men with heart failure. The present research method was descriptive-correlational. The statistical population included men with heart failure who were referred to Shahid Dr. Lavasani Hospital in Tehran in the first 6 months (April to September) of 2023, and 287 of them were selected as a sample using a purposive sampling method. Data were collected through Davis et al.'s Sexual Communication Anxiety Scale (SCAS, 2006), Snell's Multi-dimensional Sexual Self-concept Questionnaire (MSSCQ, 1995), and Anderson et al.'s Men's Sexual Self-Schema (MSSS, 1999). Multiple regression was used to analyze the data. The findings of the research showed that sexual self-concept and sexual schemas were able to predict sexual relationship anxiety (p<0.05) and explained 54.1% of the variable variance of sexual relationship anxiety. Therefore, it can be concluded that sexual self-concept and sexual schemas play a significant role in predicting sexual relationship anxiety and the need to pay attention to these factors to reduce sexual relationship anxiety in men with heart failure seems essential.

The present study aimed to determine the effectiveness of emotionally focused couple therapy on sexual schemas and sexual satisfaction of conflicted women. The research method was semi-experimental with a pre-test-post-test design and a control group. The statistical population of the present study consisted of all conflicted women who were referred to counseling and psychology clinics in Karaj city in 2023, and 30 of them were selected by non-random and available sampling method, and were randomly placed in two groups (15 people in the experimental group and 15 people in the control group). The measurement tools included Sanaie's Marital Conflicts Questionnaire (MCQ, 2000), Andersen & Cyranowski's Women sexual-self Schema Questionnaire (WSSS, 1994), and Meston & Trapnell's Sexual Satisfaction Scale for Women (SSS-W, 2005). The experimental group received Johnson's emotionally focused couple therapy sessions during 10 sessions of 90 minutes and once a week. Data were analyzed using multivariate analysis of covariance. The results showed that by controlling the effect of the pre-test, there is a significant difference between the mean of the post-test of sexual schema and sexual satisfaction in the two experimental and control groups at the p<0.05 level. As a result, emotion-oriented couple therapy can be used as an effective treatment method to improve the sexual schema and increase the marital sexual satisfaction of conflicted women.

This research aimed to construct and validate the High Schools Classroom Management (HSCMQ). In this descriptive-survey study, among the high school teachers in Lorestan in the academic year 2020-2021, a sample of 351 people was selected by multi-stage random sampling method (stratified) and answered the researcher-made questionnaire of high school classroom management. The reliability of the questionnaire was determined by Cronbach's alpha, Spearman-Brown Split-half, and Guttman methods and its validity and factor structure were determined by construct validity and concurrent validity methods. Exploratory factor analysis showed that the 60-item high school classroom management questionnaire has 3 basic components of general, specialized, and organizational characteristics of teachers. The results of confirmatory factor analysis showed that the model of high school classroom management has good fitness and its 3-factor structure was confirmed (CFI=0.99, GFI=0.97, and RMSEA=0.055). The concurrent validity of this questionnaire was also confirmed by correlating its items with the items of the Virtual Classroom Purposeful Management Questionnaire (Sheivandi Choliche et al., 2022) and the Scale Transformative Classroom Management in Elementary Schools (Moghtadaie, 2021) (p<0.05). Cronbach's alpha coefficients, Spearman-Brown Split-half and Guttman correlation for the whole questionnaire were 0.82, 0.77, and 0.74, respectively. Therefore, the High Schools Classroom Management (HSCMQ) offers a valid and reliable measure of classroom management for high school teachers.

This research aimed to investigate the validity and reliability of the moral intelligence scale of adolescents. The research was a descriptive survey. The statistical population was the first and second high school students of Isfahan province in 2024-2023. Based on the multi-stage cluster sampling method, 400 students were selected in the first stage and 900 students were selected in the second stage of the research. The data were analyzed using exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis, the reliability of the scale using Cronbach's alpha coefficient and its halving coefficient, and its validity using the convergence method and dependent on the criterion with the moral intelligence questionnaire of Abadian and Rabat Milli) MIQAR  ((2020). Each of the confirmatory factor analysis indices of the mentioned scale, including RMSEAI, PCFI, TLI, and CFI, had a suitable value. The alpha coefficient and the halving coefficient of the whole scale were also 0.96 and 0.93. The results of exploratory factor analysis led to the extraction of 7 factors (respect, responsibility, conscience, kindness, self-control, honesty, and forgiveness). Factor loadings of all components were higher than 0.4 and statistically significant (P<0.001). Criterion-dependent validity with the ethical H. scale was reported as 0.52 and significant (P<0.001). Due to the favorable state of validity and reliability, the scale of the moral intelligence of adolescents can be used as a valid and useful tool to check and measure the moral intelligence of adolescents.

The purpose of the present study was to investigate the causal relationship between mindfulness and body image in adolescents with the mediating role of coping strategies. The research method was descriptive-correlation based on Structural equation modeling. The statistical population of the research included all high school boys students in Qaimshahr city in the academic year 2022-2023, and 300 students were selected as a sample by cluster sampling method. The tools of this research included the Multidimensional Body Self-relation Questionnaire (MBSRQ) Cash, 1985, the Way of Ciping questionnaire (WOCQ) Lazarus, 1985 and the Kentucky Inventory of mindfulness skills (KIMS) Bauer, Smith, and Allen, 2004. Structural equation analysis was used to analyze the data. The results showed the optimal fit of the research model. The results showed that mindfulness has a significant direct effect on body image (p<0.001). The direct relationship between mindfulness with a negative emotion-oriented coping style and with a positive problem-oriented coping style was significant (p<0.001). The direct relationship between an emotional-oriented coping style with a negative body image and the path coefficient between a problematic coping style with a positive body image was significant (p<0.001). The indirect relationship between mindfulness and body image through emotion-oriented coping and problem-oriented coping was positive and significant (p<0.001). It is concluded that coping strategies play a mediating role between mindfulness and body image in adolescents.

This study aimed to predict marital satisfaction based on conscientiousness, marital empathy, and marital forgiveness in married women. This research was basic, and regarding the procedure, it was a descriptive-correlation study. The statistical population of the present study was all the married women of Lorestan province in the spring of 2023, from whom 840 people were selected as a sample by available sampling. Research tools included: Enrich Marital Satisfaction Scale (EMS, Olson et al., 1987), NEO Five-Factor Inventory (NEO-FFI, Costa & McCrae, 1992), Marital Empathy Scale (MES, Jolliffe & Farrington, 2006), and Marital Offence-Specific Forgiveness Scale (MOFS, Paleari et al., 2009). Data were analyzed using Pearson's correlation test and multiple regression. The research results showed that there is a significant correlation between marital satisfaction with conscientiousness, marital empathy, and marital forgiveness (p<0.01). Additionally, the regression analysis outcomes indicated that 38.1% of the variance in marital satisfaction can be explained by predictor variables, wherein forgiveness emerges as the strongest predictor variable, followed by empathy and then conscientiousness (p<0.001). It can be concluded that conscientiousness, marital empathy, and marital forgiveness play a key role in women's marital satisfaction, and it is necessary to pay attention to these factors in interaction with each other in intervention programs designed to increase women's marital satisfaction.

The present study was conducted to compare parents of children with cancer and parents of healthy children in terms of marital intimacy, parental self-efficacy, and emotion regulation strategies. The method of the present study was of comparative causal type. 146 parents (73 couples) were selected from among the parents with children with cancer who were referred to MAHAK hospital in 2020 and 2021 and 146 parents with healthy children were selected by sampling in Tehran. They completed the Marital Intimacy Questionnaire (MIS; Walker and Thompson, 1983), the parental self-efficacy scale (PSAM; Domka et al., 1996), and the cognitive-emotion regulation strategies questionnaire (CERQ; Granofsky and Kraich, 2006). Independent T-test and SPSS_27 software were used to analyze the data. The results showed that the mean of marital intimacy, parental self-efficacy, and the total score of adaptive strategies of emotion regulation strategies in the healthy group was higher than the group with children with cancer, (p<01/0) and the mean of the total non-adaptive strategies in the group with children with cancer was higher than the healthy group was (p>01/0). The results of the research showed that the disease conditions of children with cancer can hurt aspects of marital relations and some psychological variables of parents, and their cognitive coping with difficult conditions is somewhat different from normal children.

The purpose of this research was to determine the effectiveness of Deweyk's growth mindset intervention on academic resilience and academic self-handicapping of elementary school girl students in Isfahan City. The present study was a semi-experimental study with a pre-test-post-test design and a control group. The statistical population of this research included all sixth-grade female students who were studying in the schools of Isfahan City in the academic year 2022-2023. Using the random and cluster sampling method, 30 students were selected as a sample and were randomly placed in experimental (n=15) and control (n=15) groups. The research tools included Samuels' Academic Resilience Questionnaire (ARQ) (2004) and Schwinger & Stiensmeier-Pelster Academic Self- Handicapping Questionnaire (ASHS) (2011). The experimental group received Dweck's developmental mindset intervention in 8 50-minute sessions. Multivariate analysis of the covariance test was used to analyze the data. The findings showed that by controlling the effect of the pre-test, there was a significant difference in the level (P<0.05) between the mean of the post-test of academic resilience and academic self-handicapping in the two groups Based on the findings of the present research, it can be said, it can be said that the Deweyk's growth mindset intervention can be effective in increasing academic resilience and reducing academic self-handicapping of students.

The present study aimed to investigate the relationship between Hardiness psychology and academic well-being and the mediating role of students' Cognitive emotion regulation. The design of this research was descriptive and correlational. The statistical population of the research was made up of all the second high school students in the academic year of 2022-2023 in Qir city of these, 244 people were selected by convenience. Data were collected by Academic Well-being Questionnaire (AWBQ; Tuominen-Soini et al, 2012), the Psychological Hardiness Questionnaire  (PHQ; Kobasa et al, 1982), and the Cognitive Emotion Regulation Questionnaire (CERQ; Garnefski- Kraaij, 2006) The data were analyzed using the structural equation modeling method. The results showed that Hardiness psychology directly and positively affects academic well-being (P<0.05). Other results showed that cognitive emotion regulation has a mediating role between Hardiness psychology and academic well-being (P<0.05); Also, the fit indices showed that the proposed model has a good fit. Therefore, according to the results of the present study and the role of Hardiness psychology and cognitive emotion regulation in the academic well-being of students, it is suggested to develop and implement educational programs in this field for students.

This study was conducted to discover the challenges of therapeutic communication in family therapy interventions. The research method was a qualitative method and phenomenological approach. The field of research was formed by all therapists in the field of family therapy in Tehran province with at least 5 years of work experience in 2022-2023.15 participants were selected by invitation through a purposive sampling. Sampling continued until data saturation A semi-structured interview was used to collect data. Data analysis was done based on the theme-analysis method of Brown and Clark (2019). The analysis of the results led to the production of 1 main theme, 3 sub-themes, and 7 initial concepts. The main theme was "weakness in managing system dynamics". The first sub-theme was "weakness in implementing the systemic view of the family therapist" with basic concepts (weakness of training, weakness of supervision, and neglect of one's treatment). The second sub-theme "insufficient family-therapist skill in maintaining balanced interactions in family meetings" included basic concepts (skill not to ignore all members in the meeting and gender mismatch with the therapist). The third sub-theme was "Insufficient skill of the family therapist in managing the tension of family meetings" along with the primary concepts (weak emotional control skills and less willingness to hold family meetings). The results show that the insufficient skill of the family therapist in managing complex and hidden dynamics in interaction with the family system is a challenge in therapeutic communication. Based on this, the need for educational and practical foundations in the field of communication in family therapy interventions is highlighted.