فصلنامه پژوهش زبان و ادبیات فارسی
سال چهارم شماره 1 (پیاپی 6، بهار و تابستان 1385)

ANNDRAJ is among the dictionaries compiled in the Subcontinent. The present paper aims to critically survey the method used in the compilation of the dictionary. It also seeks to study its structure based on the general method used in writing dictionaries. Thus, the present study will describe the structure for the entries, pronunciation, etymology, grammar, examples and resources and the probable faults in this regards. In this study 400 entries have been selected from among the entries beginning with letters B, C, K, and M to be studied.

Roozbahan Baghli Shirazi is one of the most prominent mystics of 6th century. Abhar-ul Asheghein is one of his highly valued persian works, which is notable not only for its significance in the realm of mysticism, but also due to its rich prose. The present paper is aimed at dealing with the style of prose used in Abhar-ul Asheghein from the view point of music and order, as well as language of expression, and imagination, which are the three most significant elements of the poetic expression. The paper also introduces its readership to some forms of artistic expression created by the poets. Based on the findings of the present paper, various manifestations of imagination, rhymes, deep affection, are all reflected by the mystic experiences of the autho; moreover, the magnificent language employed by the author, as well as ambiguities deriving from this kind of language, are among the elements of defamiliarization which turn Abhar-ul Asheghin into a poetic prose; and this feature distinguishes it from all other mystic types of prose ever existed. Employing these elements, Roozbehan enhances the usual norms of the standard language, so as to express certain aspects of his spiritual experiences, which are not compatible with the logical norms, nor can they be expressed. Moreover, Roozbehan appears to have always been in search of beauty of the Persian prose, in his mind and soul.

One of the ways to learn about the works of art in the past, is to investigate the stories used in them. Preaching – the mystic book of Maghalat by Shams Tabrizi is among the works in which ethical and mystic advices are explained in the form of stories. This paper is the result of a crash study conducted through analytic-descriptive method, the rules used in Shams Tabrizi's work which he used intentionally or unintentionally and also it indicates to what extend it has been saved in the contemporary literature. That is why we have put the stories of Revayat, Zavieye Did, Goft-o-Goo, Shakhsiat, Lahn, Daronmayeh and Sahneh in studying SAhams Tabrizi's Story on sharp focus.

Discourse Analysis, is an interdisciplinary study analyzing speech. Using such method, this paper is intended to study the poem Peygham-e Mahiha (The Message of the Fishes) aimed at showing the fact that analysis of speech can lead to understanding the literary works profoundly. To achieve such an aim, we have described and interpreted the text, its objective, and its intrapersonal structure by studying the exact word frequency in details, based on which tables have been drawn. The results reveal that this poem enjoys a dynamic and changing atmosphere and its narrative structure is regarded as its main elements for coherence. The words employed, also reveal that the poet had a strong tendency toward nature. The processes of the poem lack human partnership, and thus symbols of the poem’s loneliness and Sepehri’s decisiveness reflects his strong belief in his speech and strength of his speech. Such a speech influences the degree of speech effectiveness.

The book of advice in Pahlavi language, attributed to the kings and wise men of the pre-Islamic era, provide not only piece of advice and general philosophy, but also ways of running the country and observing the law, and the king's treatment of his people, which in the past were orally conveyed from one generation to another and later at the early Islamic period were published in the form of writing, and soon were translated into Arabic.What is available today, is mostly translated from the Arabic version of these writings. Kheradnameye javidan is one of the most important of the translations the Pahlavi version of which no longer exists, however, due to the attempts made by Abu Ali Ahmad Inbn-e Mohammad Maskoyeh.This book has been translated into Persian many times and has left a profound impact on the Persian literature. The book of advice mainly focuses on the viewpoints of the pre-Islamic Iranians regarding the ruling methods of the kings and rulers, rather than the viewpoints of the kings themselves.

Realism, in a general sense, means fundamental will and tendency toward the objects outside the mind. Historically speaking, it has drawn the attention of the human mind. Aristotle has regarded the works of art as the imitation of nature. This idea has been strengthened even after his death. In the 19th century, first in France and then in the other countries, movements and schools emerged aiming at stabilizing the fundamentals of realism. The realist writer always uses convincing psychological innovations, internal and external causes to depict the characters interactions in social and personal structure. The present study describes realism, in a general sense and as a famous school in the 1990s. It also critically deals with its important types in fiction.

The works regarded as Tazkareh Alshuara in the Persian literature, abbreviated to Tazkareh, are among the most paramount resources of learning about the poets and their works in the Persian literature as well as their social and cultural status. To prove this, poems from such writers have been selected and studied; the authors of the present paper have alos probed into the life these writers, shouldering a great responsibility in protecting the works of the different times. Tazkare Khayrolbayan of Malek Shah Hossein ibn Ghisoddin Mohammad Bahari Sistani is one of such works. It has not yet been published although it bears a great importance in the Persian literature. Khayrolbayan is a general Tazkare containing preface, introduction, two chapters, an ending chapter and a final one. The present paper is an attempt to present different dimensions of such books.