فصلنامه پژوهش های ارتباطی
پیاپی 53 (بهار 1387)

The present article sheds light on some of the principles of the Constitution which facilitate realization of national unity among different racial, ethnic, political, and religious groups in Iran. The article further investigates those principles which contribute to the realization of Islamic solidarity among world Muslims. Finally, the role of national medium in putting these principles in force is discussed.The research findings indicate that there are transparent promising principles in the Islamic republic of Iran’s Constitution which, if observed, pave the ground for national unity and solidarity. The results are also indicative of a crucial strategy in the Islamic Republic’s foreign policy with respect to forming a unified Islamic Ummah, and adopting a global approach towards Islam.

In recent years, popular music (Pop) has attracted many people favoring this kind of music across our country. Meanwhile, it has also sparked much criticism regarding the quality of the artistic works presented in this form of music. Much of the criticism targets lyrics of the songs. What is more, IRIB’s approach in respect to wide radio and TV broadcast of this type of music has also added to the sensitivity of the matter. This article, first, gives some theoretical discussions on poetry and its variety in both form and content, then addresses the relationship between poetry and music, and the significance of poetry in music. It also discusses the significance of poetry in music. Enjoying the principles and the pillars for evaluation of music and poetry, the article, further, looks into some of the characteristics and common hitches regarding the lyrics used in Pop music. Finally, some advice is given on usage of Pop music in IRIB.

The present article is the result of several studies and commentaries on the effects of media. The author tries to find an answer to the following question: "Despite tens of years of research and hundreds of studies, why the relationship between people's usage of the mass media and the behaviors (especially regarding violence and the audience's violent behaviors) resulting from it has remained obscure?" The author, assuming that the research on the impact of media has adopted, without doubt, a wrong approach, explains ten fundamental flaws in the approach towards the "impact of media."

This article is based on a survey carried out in IRIB research center.The study aims to determine the extent to which children and adolescents make use of different communication means. In addition to investigating children and adolescent's media habits, the research also addresses their social conditions and psychological tendencies.According to the findings of the research, children and adolescents spend, on average, 3.52 hours watching TV, 1.38 hours watching children programs, 1.36 hours listening to music, 1.6 hours watching satellite TV's children programs, 56 minutes watching other programs on satellite TV, 48 minutes playing computer games, 24 minutes using internet, 11 minutes listening to radio. The research also reveals that children and adolescents, on average, spend only 3.23 hours on study everyday. Around 31 percent of them have read 4 books, mainly non-textbooks in the last three months. The study showed children and adolescents spend about 19 minutes reading newspapers on average.

Media policy is a collection of principles and norms codified for leading the behaviors of media organizations. This collection of policies has also limited practical applications, but, in fact, it is a wide and fundamental practice.These policies, in public opinion, originate from communications, political ideologies, the country's economic, social conditions and the values underlying them. They try to connect values with real needs and media forethought.However, it should be noted that without proper knowledge of the process of general policy making and its different stages in the government, we cannot talk about media policy making. Without doubt media policy making is not as old as general policy making. That's why studying general policy making help us a lot in media policy making. In the present article, first, general policy making and then media policy making is addressed.

The present article is based on a study carried out in IRIB Research Center in 2007. The study aimed to assess social confidence among individuals in the society. The research findings indicate that social confidence among individuals is more connected to macro-level factors than micro-level ones. Individuals’ evaluation of the society is the most important factor affecting their level of social confidence. In other words, the more stable and normative the society seems to individuals, and the more honestly the institutions treat them, and the more they are assured that their trampled rights are restored, then, the more will be their level of social confidence.Audio and visual messages conveyed by mass media have to do with social confidence in a number of different manners such as: promoting the culture of law-abidingness and norm observance, stating the benefits of group work, promoting religious culture etc.

The impact of media on forming people's attitudes towards crime has recently been the target of research in criminal sociology. Furthermore, executing the plan of "improving social and moral security" by Iranian police and the way national medium contributes to the initiative, also adds to the necessity of such research.The present article attempts to shed lights on the spots which require to be taken into account when the executers of such plans receive the national medium help in carrying out their job.Since the issue of Hejab (Islamic covering) is one of the most serious concerns of the national medium as well as the most pivotal concept in the plan of improving moral security, it has been under scrutiny in this article. The article categorizes questions the managers of national medium should think over to reach the cultural aims shared with the aforementioned plan.

Nowadays, news as the most important product of mass media plays a key role in establishing and circulating policies. Enjoying the bonus of media and the world's most influential news broadcasting stations, the advanced western communities make the best use of news in shaping the public opinions and influencing their thoughts. Despite their claims of being objective, these countries, in the process of broadcasting news, 'engineer' an atmosphere against those countries that follow policies different from those of them, and consequently, present an unreal, misleading, and distorted image of these countrie's developments and stories to the audience. Our country, Iran, is also among the victims. After the Islamic Revolution, our country, due to its anti–imperialistic nature, has permanently been exposed to the western media's negative image-making.The present article, first, has addressed the techniques and skills of engineering news, then has explained and analyzed the western media's negative image-making of our country, and finally, it has put forward some strategies to counter the plot against our country.