فصلنامه کومش
پیاپی 3 (بهار 1379)

Introduction. Rhazya stricta is used traditionally by kerman selimani tribes, to accelerte wound healing. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of topi cal application of water extract of Rhazya stricta on cutaneous wound healing and compare its effect with phenytoin cream. Materials and Methods. This interventional-experimental study performed on the three groups of adult male rats. Afte r anaesthesia, full thichness skin of upper dorsal part of the rats removed in 3 em' area. 24 hours afte r the operation, wound of each group treated once daily with water extract of R stricta or phenytoin cream (1%). Control group received no treatment. Wound surface area measured in 0, 4th, 7th, 10th, 13th, and 16th postoperative days. The time required for complete healing was also recorded. Results. The results show that wound surface area in R stricta gro up in l Oth day (60%) and in 13th day (77%) was lower than control group (P < 0.05). Percentage of wound healing in control group in 4th day (20%) and in 7th day (38%) was higher than R Stricta group (P

Introduction. Disease progression in muscular dystrophy (MD) patient s results in the gradual loss of ability to produce an appropriate contra ction and consequen tly th e loss of necessary force for completing the activities of daily living (ADL). As there is no any recognised treatment for MD and the certain benefit of exercise has not proved yet for these patients. On the other hand, it has been shown that motor lea rni ng (ML) may improve the performance, we decided to examine the effect of ML on the upper limb performance in MD pa tients. Materials and Methods. Upper limb function and the effect of ML on upper limb performance was investigated in two experiments. In the first experiment, the performance of 7 facioscapulohumeral muscula r dystrophy (FSHD) patients and 7 age and sex matched healthy volunteers was investigat ed during a simulated drinking task. Performance was assessed by measurement of electromyographic (EMG) activity of biceps brachii and brachioradialis muscles; elbow joint flexion; shoulde r joint flexion and abdu ction; maximum accelera tion at the onset of movement (MAM); movement time (MT) and reaction time (RT), both before and afte r a 30 min novel complex ML task. In the secon d experiment, the complex ML task was re placed by a novel simple ML task for another 6 FSHD patients and their age and sex matched healthy subjects. Except that the EMG activity of triceps and deltoid muscles (anterior part) were measured instead of brachior adialis EMG, the other measurements were same as the first study. Results. In both studies, the FSHD patients showed significantly larger values for all parameters except the flexion of shoulder joint aad RT compared with controls. While the complex ML resulted in decreases in the brachiorad ialis EMG activity (P < O.Ol) and RT (P< O.Ol) in the FSHD group, the simple ML model resulted in significant changes towards the normal value in all parameters measured except flexion of shoulder. Conclusion. The change in the measured variables towards normal values indicates that motor learning may help to improve performance in FSHD and its effects are more impressive if a simple ML model is used in a therapeutic protocol

Introduction. Jaundice is observed during the Ist week of life in approximately 60% of term and 80% of preterm infants. Jaundice us ually begins on the face and, as the serum level increases, progresses to the abdomen and th en the feet. The cephalocaudal progression of dermal icterus may be a useful clinical tool to estimate th e serum level of bilirubin. The aim of thi s study was to estimate hyperbilirubinemia by observation of neonate skin with jaundice in Amiralmomenin's hospital of Sernnan, 1999. Materials and Methods. At the first, all infants (n = 77) who re ffer ed to Amiralmomenines hospital with chief complaint icter from May 98 to October 99 were carefully examined and the progress of icter level on the skin was determined. The n, the serum level of bilirubin of the infants was measured by standard laboratory pro cedures. Results. The data indicated tha t as much as the anatomic level of icter p rog ress es, the serum level of bilirubin increases, too. Anatomic level of icter was along th e umblicus or lower in all patients with serum level bilirubins 17 mg/dl or more. In th is level, valu es of se nsitivity, specificity, positive pr edictive a nd negative predi ctive were 100%, 18.6%, 49.2% and 100%, respectively. Infants with an atomic lev el of icter alon g kn ee or lower are at the risk of kernicterus.! n this level, values of sensitivity, sp ecificity, po sitive predictive and negative predictive wer e 100%, 63.9%, 42.1 % an d 100%, respec tively. Conclusion. The above results show that infants with icter level around um blicus need more attention and if the icter level is around th e knees, th e infant will be at the risk of kernicterus.

Introduction. Due to high incidence of skin damages, finding new methods for skin transplanta tion is quite important. The a im of this study was to produce normal skin by culture of epithelial cells and to examine its autologus graft. Materials and Methods. 4 male albino rabbits (4 months) were used. At the first from one of the rabbits a piece of skin (6 x 6 ern) separated from back region and placed in MEM an d FCS solutio n as a suppo rting surface. From a no ther rabbit, a piece of skin (2 x l cm) separ ated and divided into small particles and placed on the de Im of supporting su rface. By two other rabbits, this process was accomplished once more. After preparation it grafted to the sec ond rabbit. After 4 weeks the animal killed and the gr aft ed region se parat ed and prepared for hist ological study by two staining methods. Results. The res ults show th at in the grafted regi on, epiderm is normal but outer layer (cornea) is thiner than normal skin. Histological studies have been shown th at skin elements were decreased, sweat glands were not found, repair was started from margin of ulce r, rete ridges were littl e and short, collagen of derm was regulated and vessels were dilated. Conclusion. With this method, the donor skin can be expanded to several times and used for autologus skin graft.

Introdution . Thall ous chloride (TI-201) radiopharmaceutical is routinly used for heart imaging in nuclear medicine departments. The goal of this project was to study the quality of TI-201 radioph armaceuticals produced in cyclotron department of atomic energy organization of Iran according to European and United States standards. Materials and Methods. This radiopharmaceuti cal was produc ed in 15 stages thro ugh 2°'TI (p,3n) 201 Pb ~ZOl TI nuclear reaction in which the inciden t pro ton energy is 28 Mev. Radionuclidic impurities (ZOPh, zo"TI, 2OTI) were det ermin ed by gamma-spectrometer with high pure Ge (HPGe) detector for production and pre -calibration dates and for one 20lTI half life (73.5 hr) later. The radiochemical impurity (TP+ in comparison to TI+), specific activity and activity distr ibution in vials were determined by electrophoresis, polarography and gamma spectrometry, and dose calibra tor, respectively. Results. In fifthteen production stages radionuclidic and radiochemical purity of product and it's specific activity have been higher than 97%, 95%, and 3.7 GBq/mg-TI resp ectively; But in three stages zoPb impurity has been higher than 0.3% determined in USP. Accuracy of activity distribution in vials was higher than 10% in all stages. Conclusion. The results show that the product quality is in accordance to the British and Euro pean standards (BP and EP). In accordance to the United States Pharmacopoeia (USP), although in three stages of fifthteen production stages 2°'Pb impurity has been higher than 0.3% determined in USP, radio nuclidic purity has bee n acceptable (>99%).

Background. Patients are confined to bed in hospital are be exposed to nosocomial infections. Staphylococcal amo ng medica l personnel may be tra nsfered bacteria to pati ent s and causes infection. T he aim of th is investigation IS to be de termine the freq ue ncy of staphylococca l carriers in med ical person nel of teac hing hospital in Semnan. Materials and Methods. Samplings from medi cal personnel a nd control group were draw n by ce nsus and simple random meth ods, respectively. This investigat ion lasted from Ma reh 98 to Octove r 99. In medical personn el 426 and in co ntrol group 360 person s (stude nt of medical fac ulty and nonmedica l personnel) were tested. By means of a swa b, which was wett ed in st eril e norm al sa lin, sampling from left and right nasal caviti es perfor med and culture d on Blood agar media. After 24hrs of incub at ion and by mean s of Gram's sta ining, catalas e test, culture on M.S.A and coagulas e test, coagul ase positive Staphylococci Aure us identified and antibiogram test by Kirby-Bau ers met hod was carr ied out. Results. In medica l personne l group 120 (28.16%) and in co ntrol group 90 (25%) carr ier of coagulase posit ive sta phylococci ide ntifi ed so there wasnt any significant differ ence be tween two groups. Species which isolated from medical personnel were sensitive to Van comycin (88.3%), Co-trimoxasole (83.3%) Gentamycin (83. 3%), Erythromyci n (70%), Tetracyclin (43.3%) a nd were resistant to Penicillin an d Cepha lotin. The control group was more sensitive than medical personnel group. Discussion. Although there is no significant difference between ca rriers of Sta phylococcus Aureus in two groups, Staphylococcus carr ier amoung the medical perso nnel group in Semnan were less th an ones other simil ar inve stigations. The species were isolat ed from medical personnel in th is investigat ion were remarkably se nsit ive to Co-trimoxasole but in the most similar investiga tio ns the species were resista nt. T he sensitivity to Van comycin was lower th an ot her investigations

Introduction. Intramuscular injection is an important route of drug administration. One of the important complications of 1M injection is injection-indu ced pain. Thi s pain causes a lot of fear and anxiety for patients. Amoung the important responsibilities of nurse is to reduce this pain. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of the position and the method of 1M inje ction on pain intensity. Materials and Methods. This study was performed on the fourty male patients in surgical wards of Amiralam and Valiasr hospitals in Tehran. These patients recieved 1M injection of gentamycin post opration. Pain intensity in two prone position with foot turned outward and inward, and two standard (routine) and Zstrack 1M injection methods wer e evaluated. Pain intensity is evaluated hy simple descriptive scale of pain. Results. The data show that in the same injection methods, there was a significant difference (PPosition; Inje ction; Intramuscular; Standard method; Z-track method;Pain

Introduction. T he presen t ex periment exam ined th e effec t of posttraining injections of glucocorticoid ago nist and a ntagonist into th e dorsal hippocamp us (DH) o n re te nt ion of spa tia l memory in p lace avoida nce lea rn ing task. Materials and Methods. Ma le Long-Eva ns strai n rats wer e surgically implanted bi late ra lly with cannu lae a imed at the DH a nd were train ed to avoid a f,O degree segment of th e are na en tering which was punished by mild fnotsh ock. Pla ce avo ida nce tra in ing occu rred in a singl e 30-min sess ion a nd th e avo ida nce memory was assess e e! duri ng a 30-min extinctio n tr ial 24 h later. T he time to the first e ntry a nd th e num ber of entran ces into the p unished sector d ur ing extinctio n we re use d to me asure the place avoida nce memory. Dexame th asone (0. 1, u g/O,(~u J, pe r side) as a glucocort ico id agonist and RU384486 (3 ng/0.6, ul pe r s ide) as a gluco corticoid antagonist were inject ed bilaterally int o DH immediate ly and 60 and J20 min a fte r trai ning. Re tentio n test was doneone days later. Results. Results indicated that infusio n of glu coc ortico id ago nist a nd antagonist immed iately a nd 60 min but not 120 min afte r tr aining into DH significa ntly e nhanced and impa ired ret e ntion pe rformance, respective ly. Conclusion. T he above results show that glucocorticoid receptor plays a n important ro le in consolidation of sp atial memory in place avoidance learni ng at least 60 min afte r training.