مجله پزشکی بالینی ابن سینا
سال هفتم شماره 3 (پیاپی 17، پاییز 1379)

Retinoic acid (RA) plays key roles in pattern formation along the major body axis and vertebrate limb formation. Exposure to excess retinoic acid in utero generates congenital malformations in craniofacial , limbs and axial skeleton. The aim of this study was to determine, the retinoic acid induced limb malformations in mouse embryo and its effect on maternal blood. In this study NMRI mice were administered by 100 mg/kg RA on day 9,10 and 11 of pregnancy . In day 18 of pregnancy embryos were obtained through cesarean section. Maternal blood was examined for hematological studies . Embryos were studied in the case of skeletal elements and histological preparations. The results demonstrate that 9 days embryos carry 37.1% forelimb defects and 31.4% hindlimb defects and 100% of 10 and 11 days embryos show limb defects . These defects include shortened or bent limbs , absence of some long bones and a wide range of digital defects. Hematological studies indicated that amounts of hemoglobin and hematocrit as well as number of red and white blood cells were reduced (p<0.05). Therefore , present defects indicated that pregnant women should take care for using retinoic acid , specially during first trimester of pregnancy.

This cross-sectional descriptive analytic study was carried out for evaluation of posttransfusion infections (Hepatitis B,C and Aids) in children suffering major thalassemia who were transfused repeatedly. The relation of liver inflammation and number of blood transfusions were studied. A check list was completed for each case. ALT, HBsAg , anti-HCV and anti-HIV tests were preformed for all of 53 children. Population were fifthy three major thalasemic children under 15 years old in Hamadan provience. Twenty two out of 53 children (41.5%) had elevated ALT, 18 patients (34%) had positive anti-HCV. In all of 18 patients with positive anti-HCV,ALT was also elevated , all of the patients were negative for anti-HBsAg and anti-HIV. Determination of ALT level of the donated blood is useful for detection of chronic hepatitis. This test can be used as an easy screening tool.

Erythroderma is a term applied to any inflammatory skin disease which affects more than about 90% of the body surface. It is determined by erythema, scaling and pruritus. Clinical , pathological and laboratory finding of erythrodermic patients admitted in dermatologic ward of Sina hospital, Hamadan - Iran , between 1993-1997 (4years)were studied. This retrospective-cross sectional study was done by preparation of the a checklist of necessary information getting from the patients file and then analysis the data with EPI6 software. Among 1107 patients were admitted in the hospital, only 48(4.3%)cases had erythroderma. The most common cause of erythroderma in these patients was preexisting cutaneous disease (56.3%). In this group eczema was most frequent cause of erythroderma ( 27.1% ) and then followed by psoriasis (10%). Other underlying causes of erythroderma in order of frequency were drugs (25%) lymphoma and leukaemias (10.4%) , and idiopathic(8.3%). Antiepileptic drugs were the most frequent drug causes. AWT IMAGE Age of the most patients was above 40and the ratio of male to female was. Among laboratory finding eosinophilia was reported in more than half of patients (57.7%) with eczema. The most pathologic diagnosis was chronic dermatitis. Clinical finding along with one or more skin biopsis were diagnostic or suggestive of the underlying disease in 69.6% of the cases . Relapse was seen in 11 cases of 34 followed patients , that psoriasis was the most frequent cause of relapse. The prevalence and relapse of erythroderma in this study was more than the other studies which was done in other countries.

Serratia marcescens strain 13090-1was adapted to increasing doses of acetone , when it was grown in B.H.I broth medium; a high acetone concentration affected Serratia growth more and pigment (prodigiosin) production was higher. When the amount of acetone renge from 5000 to 8000 PPM in B.H.I broth at incubation temperature of 28o c. At more than 13000 PPM of acetone, reduction in the number of serratia cells occurred and larger cells,which were not viable were developed at acetone concentration of more than 19000 PPM. The sensitive cells to many antibiotics formed in the high amount of acetone ( 36000 PPM or more ), and these serratia cells cultured in B.H.I medium without acetone , that never converted to prototype one. Therefore that is improving the mutant serratia cells were developed or inactivation of plasmid(s) DNA occurred at high acetone concentration.

In a cross-sectional study, the frequency and types of consanguinity marriages in Hamadan city were determined in 1996. In this study the randomly selected couples were interviewed. 245 cases (23.07%)of 1062 were consanguinous. The most frequent type of consanguinity marriage was the first cousins (58.37%). Present paper also will submit frequencies of different types of consanguinity marriages in Hamadan and will compare the results with others. Results have shown that tendency to consanguiniy marriage is related to the kind of job and level of knowledge. Also congenital malformations were more frequent among progenies of parents with consanguinity marriages.

Due to importance of breast feeding on physical and mental health of infants , it is necessary to recognize the influenting factors on the time duration of breast feeding . The present investigation is designed to determine the relationship between environmental tobacco smoking (E.T.S) and Breast feeding duration (B.F.D) among women reffered to the health centers supervised by Shaheed Beheshty University of Tehran in 1998. A cohort study was performed on 70 women which were in a smoky environment during their pregnancy , Breast feeding ( exposure ), and 70 women which were in a smoke free environment ( Non exposure ). Our exposure and non exposure groups were matched for their age . education , profession and type of delivery. Sampling was based on nonprobablistic method . Relative risk and attributable rate of E.T.S and B.F.D were calculated. The B.F.D parameter were obtained as 3.9AWT IMAGE1.3 in the group of exposuer and 4.8AWT IMAGE1.3 for non exposure group (P<0.001). In the exposure 57% of women had more than 4.5 month of exclusive breast feeding and in non exposure group this was 31% (P<0.001). Breast feeding duration is decreased for women being in an smoky environment.

To determine relationship between blood groups and myocardial infarction we studied 204 patients who admitted in c.c.u in Ekbatan hospital in Hamadan . The patients affected by acute myocardial Infarction and they have elevated C.P.K and L.D.H enzymes and changes in E.C.G compatible with Q wave and non Q wave myocardial infarction . We classified the patients according to age , sex , blood groups and different risk factors. In this study with the aspect of frequency of blood groups in Iran and Hamadan the majority of blood groups were group A and the minority were group B. The most common risk factors among our patients was type A of personality which is similar to that mentioned in literature , and other risk factors were respectively as below : cigarette smoker , hypertension , hyperlipidemia , diabetes mellitus and family history . The age of the patients with positive family history were less than 50 years.

A study was carried out to determine heavy metals in water sources of Hamadan city, Iran, in 1994. This pollutatnts are mainly discharged into environment by industrial waste water discharge , and fuel consumption. In this study to determine heavy metals , 90 water samples were analyzed using an atomic absorbtion , ( model 670 shimatzo ) . Concentration of eleven metals including ; Silver , Chromium , Zinc , Calcium, Magnesium, Cadmium, Lead, Nickel, Copper, Manganese and Iron were measured. The results showed that the mean concentration (SD) of Lead , Cadmium and Chromium were 0.514 (0.281) , 0.118 (0.169) , 0.107 (0.105) mg/l, respectively , which are higher than the standard levels. So , it is suggested that the authorities to force factories for wastewater treatment plant.

The main object of the study is to evaluate the epidemiological specifications of strokes and the abundance of strokes in diabetic patients in Sina Hospital Hamadan during 1995 to 1998. From 1320 cases of strokes , there were 50 diabetic patients. In the study we noticed that most of the patients were NIDDM (94%)and female (60%). The most common age for the occurance of stroke in diabetic patients was 55 - 75 years old and only 4% of patients were 45 - 55 years old . In comparison study most of the cases were ischemic (72%) rather than hemorrhagic (28%) ones. There were not meaningful relationship between the duration of diabet and the occurance of strokes . There were not meaningful relationship between the rate of blood glucose at the time of the admittion and the occurance of the strokes.

Fasciola hepatica is usually a parasite for herbivorouses bile ducts. This parasite can affect human via infected water and vegetables . Infection with this parasite can cause wide broad of signs & symptoms. Typical acute form is characterized by fever, abdominal pain and hepatomegaly and chronic form characterized by extra hepatic obstruction manifestations. This case is a 27 years old woman presented with abdominal pain , icter , itching and occasional fever . Laboratory. findings showed 5% eosinophilic count. Ultrasonography showed obstructive bile ducts disease. In ERCP bile ducts (choledochal ) parasitic disease was suggested. Surgery was performed and confirmed Fasciola hepatica.

Arsenic is a substance used for suicide in Iran. It is swallowed by people to commit suicide. It causes sever burning in tissues of oesophagus and stomach , therefore , due to poisoning the patient’s death occurs . Arsenic (As) is a powder without smell with formula (As2S3) . It is sometimes used orally but Iv injection has been reported in Italy . If it is injected into artery the surface of the tissue in arteries are damaged, it is belived that a wide thrombosis in blood vessels is occured, but appearently , it has not been reported. In this paper , there is a case that has committed suicide through intraarterial injection of arsenic based depilatory agent. When he was brought to hospital he had ischemia in lower limb. Due to damages to the tissues , the involved organ had been gangrened , thus amputation was carried out unfortunately.