نشریه دانشور پزشکی
پیاپی 81 (تیر 1388)

Bacteriophage vectors recently have been considered as a gene transfer and vaccine delivery vehicles chiefly due to their low cost, safety, and physical stability. Since, little is known about phage mediated gene transfer in mammalian hosts, A group of invitro experiments were performed to ascertain gene transfercapability of these vehicles.

For this purpose, different genes eg. (EGFP as positive control and PBR322 as negative control) were sub cloned into the vehicle Lambda ZAP cassettePossessing expression capability in animal cells.New Recombinant-phage constructs using packaged using bacteriophage lysates. In order to evaluate functionality of the produced bacterio phages EGFP bacteriophage particles were added to eukaryotic cell cultures and after 36 hours, amplified and purified phage particles were assessed for gene expression criteria in cell culture models. Results and

The observation of fluorescent signals arising from GFP(green fluorescent protein) means vehicle expression in eukaryotic systems.stability of the recombinant phages as oral vaccine vehicles were checkedIn similar conditionsas in gastrointestinal tract. (Ph &destructing enzymes) The results of stability assay showed that the phages have potential for employing as oral vaccine vehicles.

Hybrid cells are made from fusion of two or more somatic cells. After formation chromosomes are located in one membrane. . So nucleic condition of each fused cell has changes and two genomes and chromosomes interact with each other. Locating the genes in new nucleic and cytoplasmic condition and great chromosomal rearrangement in these new formed cells can affect their chemotherapeutic drug sensitivity. In this study the effect of bleomycin sulfate (BML) on two hybridoma cell lines, F3B6 and HF2x653 was compared with two non-hybridoma WIL2 and NS1, their parent cells, focusing on chromosome aberrations in G1 phase of the cell cycle.

Four frozen cell lines, F3B6, NS1, HF2x653 and WIL2 were thawed and separately cultured in RPMI 1640 supplemented with 10-15 % FBS. Cells were treated with two concentrations of bleomycin sulfate (50 and 100 µg/ml) at G1 phase during logarithmic phase of growth. After harvesting, preparation of metaphase spreads and Gimsa staining, aberrant cells and chromosomal aberrations were scored.

Results showed that aberrations induced in hybridoma cells are similar to those induced in their parent cell lines. Cells with more chromosomes, ie. F3B6 and NS1, had more chromosomal damages in comparison with cells having less chromosomes, Study of the abundance of damages in comparison with chromosomes confirms this result. Frequency of chromosomal aberrations in lieu of in two similar cells (NS1&F3B6) were alike and more than the other two, WIL2 and HF2X653, Although sometimes hybrid cells showed more or less sensitivity than their parental cell lines, they also did not show dose-dependent response to bleomycin sulfate at G1 phase of the cell cycle.

Hybridoma cell lines studied in this study showed similar frequency of bleomycin induced chromosomal aberrations compared to one of the parent cell lines and had more or less chromosome aberrations (sensitivity) than the other parent.

Anemia is one of the major disabling consequences in chronic kidney (CKD) disease which has different etiologies. Inadequate production of Erythropoietin (EPO) is the main cause of anemia. Iron shortage is the other important cause. The aim of this study is to evaluate Anemia Prevalence and iron storage in CKD patients in pre-dialysis and hemodialysis stages.

This cross-sectional descriptive- analytic study was conducted on 90CKD patients(54 hemodialyzed,36 pre-dialyzed)at Mustafa Khomeini Hospital, Tehran, Iran. Lab data including: serum iron(SI) and ferritin, transferrin saturation(TSAT) and red cell indices(RCI) were measured. All data analysis were carried out using, the SPSS 16.

Frequency of anemia in hemodialyzed and pre-dialyzed patients were 79.6 % and 75 %. Iron deficiency anemia (IDA), absolute and functional iron deficiency were found 11.1 %, 11.1 % and 24.1 %in turn in hemodialyzed and 5.6 %, 8.3 % and 30.6 %in turn in pre-dialyzed patients. There was not significant statistical relationship between CKD causes,hemodialysis duration, anemia symptoms and iron deficiency anemia (P=0.07). TSAT and Hg were higher in patients receiving intravenous iron in comparison with oral iron(P < 0.001).Functional iron deficiency had a meaningful correlation with erythropoietin(EPO) usage in both groups(p<0.001)

Intravenous iron is preferred for iron deficiency treatment in comparison with oral ones. Red cell distribution width and RCI are not appropriate markers for IDABy themselves. In CKD,serum ferritin and iron (sensitivity 46.34 %, 43.90 %) Are not useful indices to evaluate iron stores precisely, but TSAT (sensitivity 73.17%) seems more reliable.

Hot flash is a common problem in climactric (time course around menopause)and menopausal period. The most effective treatment of it is HRT but There is a serious need for alternative therapies for hot flashes, as hormone replacement therapy (HRT) is associated with increased rates of breast cancer and heart disease. This trial used a randomized, two-stage(4 weeks per stage), cross over methodology to study the efficacy of fluoxetin (20 mg/d) for treating hot flashes in menopausal women (who atleast had 14 hot flash attacks per week.) in first period, First group received 4 weeks of therapy with fluoxetine versus second group receiving placebo.during the next stage of treatment, patients were crossed over between two groups. The patients received no drug in the one week period interval between the two periods of study.(wash out).T-test, chi square, mann whitney, pair t-test, wilcocxon and fisher, tests were used for analysing data in spss software. Eighty randomized women began protocol therapy. By the end of the first treatment period, hot flash frequency decreased 55% in the fluoxetin arm versus 28% in the placebo arm. Cross over analyzing demonstrated a significantly greater marked improvement in hot flash severity with fluoxetin than with placebo (p=0/00). Both Fluoxetin and placebo are effective in improving of hot flashs but fluoxetin is significantly more effective. So fluoxetine is a realistic althernative theray for women who do not wish to receive hormones for fear of cancer or other reasons.

self-care in diabetes causes promotion of quality of life and decreases the number of inpatient cases. Continuously following them Acute and chronic complications of the disease can be prevented. Regarding high prevalence of The disease in Yazd, research about it in diabetic patients is necessary. Path analysis is an exact statistical method used for determining the best causative model of variables. So this paper is proposed with the aim of application of regression based path analysis for determination of the best model of diabetes self-care determinants, using Extended Health Belief Model constructs. This analytical, cross-sectional study carried out on 120 diabetic patients referred to Yazd diabetes research centre, who entered in the study in a convenient sample method. A questionnaire was completed for data collection Through an interview, Having extended health belief model constructs including benefits, barriers, severity, susceptibility, self-efficacy, social support, perceived metabolic control and origin of control and some demographic variables. The validity and reliability of the questionnaire was examined and approved. Self efficacy, severity×susceptibility and net benefits had direct effects on self-care behaviors with self efficacy having the most powerful effect. Chance locus of control and social support had indirect effects on self-care behaviors through net benefits. Also net benefits and internal locus of control had an indirect effect on behaviors through self efficacy. Extended health belief model could be used as a framework for designing educational interventions for diabetics self-care promotion but among the constructs of the model, self-efficacy, net benefits and severity × susceptibility have the highest direct effects Thereafter chance and internal locus of control and social support are important and must Receive more attention.

The aim of the present study was to investigate risk factors for breast cancer in women under 40 years.during recent 10 years(1998-2007) The study was a descriptive case control analysis one in Imam khomeiny hospital.Cases were 312 women under40 years with histologically confirmed, breast cancer, and controls were 312 women with same age Presenting to hospital for non-neoplastic, non-hormone-related diseases.Both groups were age matched. informations were collected using a short structured questionnaire.Data analysis was performed using Chi square- indipendant T Odda ratios (ORs) and logistic regression test analysis. There was a significant relationship with marital status, family history of breast cancer, age at first birth, and at menarche, parity, duration of breast-feeding and use of O.C.P,but history of breast-feeding and of abortion were not related. The results of Univariate logistic regression analysis were: in women never married (OR=2/42 %95CI=1/51-3/88)(P<0/001). in women with a family history of the breast cancer (OR=7/07 %95 CI=2/95-16/99) (P<0/001). OR=0/1 (%95CI=0/04-0/23) (P<0/001) for women reporting menarch at the age of≥15years compared with <12years.Breast cancer risk was significantly higher in women with parity ≥4 compared with nulliparity (OR=13/3 95% CI=3/89-45/66) (P<0/001) and was directly associated with age at first birth [OR=1/93 (95%CI=1/02-3/67) (P=0/041)] among women aged≥30 years at first birth compared with these aged<30). No association emerged with history of breast-feeding (p=0/985) and history of abortion (p=0/749), but there was a significantly inverse association between duration of lactation and breast cancer risk (p <0/ 001). For women who breastfed for <24 months OR=1/77 (95% CI=1/22-2/58) when compared with those who breastfed for ≥ 24 months. With reference to oral contraceptives use the or was 2/83 (95%CI=1/87-4/24) (P<0/001) for users. In multivariate logistic regression parity, family history of the breast cancer, use of O.C.P, age at first birth respectively were impacted. in under 40 years breast cancer risk. The risk was significantly higher in women under the age of 40 with parity ≥4 compared with nulliparity and no association emerged with history of breast-feeding. Other risk factors in this study were similar to those described in epidemiology at any age.

The premenstrual syndrome happens as a periodic returning of injuring alterations in physics, behavior or psychology during luteal phase of menstruation. Regarding the high prevalence of the syndrome and many diverse producing agents and lack of pertinent information in women employees in factories this survey had been done. The cross sectional study was performed on 476 employed women. signs and symptoms of PMS regarding 11 agents of DSM-IV in references were gathered in two stages through interview. Pertaining factors included age, education, BMI, occupational rank, daytime hours of labor, painful menstruation, quantity of menstrual bleeding, severity of menstrual pain, exercise and marriage. Prevalence of PMS ascertained and relating factors were judged using Chi square test. Among 476 employed women ages 31±8.28 who were studied on PMS percentage was %7.67. % 27.6 of them were moderate to severe PMS. The most common indicator of PMS were physical signs (%87.2) fatigue and significant reduction of energy (%73.1) and anxiety, stress, agitation, restlessness(%66.6) respectively. Menstrual status, increasing age, marriage, BMI, lack of regular exercise, low rank job were the predisposing factors in PMS (p<0.05). A significant correlation found between sexual desire and PMS (p<0.05). Prevalence of premenstrual syndrome in sample community is high and warring. Regarding the known consequences of that. Necessary efforts for its reduction is recommended.

Stomach cancer is the second most common cancer and is known as the second cause of death due to cancers, worldwide and in Iran, adenocarcinoma is the most fatal cancer and Those who have this kind of cancer, have a lower lifetime In comparison with others.: In this research, survival of patients with gastric adenocarcinomas who Have been operated on in Taleghani hospital was studied. 455 cancer patients with documented gastric adenocarcinomas pathology who had operation at the Taleghani Hospital in Tehran between 2002 and 2007were analyzed as a historical prospective study. The patient's survival after surgery and its relationship with age, gender, and body mass index, exposure to Chemical Weapons, familial history, tumor grade, high-risk habits(overuse of salt or smoking), disease histology (Lauren Classification), histology type, tumor stage, and symptoms at diagnosis and tumor size variables were assessed. Kaplan Meier method, Cox Proportional hazards model, Breslow and Tarone-Ware estimator were used for analysis of dataset. 71.6 percent of patients were man and others (28.4%) were women. The mean age Of men was 59.39 years and that of women Was 56.22 years. The mean and median of survival time Were 32.56 and 28.3 month, respectively; and 1- through 5 years survival rate was 0.78, 0.53, 0.40, 0.32 and 0.15 respectively. The Cox proportional hazards model showed that age at diagnosis, familial history and tumor size had a significant relationship with survival of the patients (p=0.023, p=0.045 and p=0.032 respectively). Survival rate of gastric cancer patients is low and one of the serious reasons for this seems to be delayed diagnosis. Therefore, utilization of public education about diagnosis and early warning signs of the disease and performing periodic examinations is inevitable.

Chronic Back pain is one of the most common pain manifestaion and depression is a prevalent disorder among patient s with chronic pain. However, all of patients with chronic pain do not show the same level of depression. So, investigators often assess biomedical and psychological,variables, in particular pain suppressing strategies, to explain some of the differences in relation between depression and chronic pain. The aims of this study were to: 1)give priority pain suppression strategies in chronic back pain patients, 2) evaluation of suppressing strategies efficacyf in pain control, 3) Assessing the relations between these strategies and depression, and 4) to determine the selective suppressing strategies to predict depression with pain control intensity and pain duration in chronic back pain patient. A total of 185 patients (ages 18-68 yr) with chronic back pain for more than three months, presenting to Under evaluation clinics completed questionnaires of pain intensity scale (NRS), and depression, painsuppressing strategies and demographic ones. The results showed that the strategy most applied by patients was the praying/hoping, but the most efficient strategies to control pain were ignoring pain sensations and coping self-speech. Catastrophizing was the most unefficient strategy to control pain. The results of correlation analysis with controlling of biomedical variable (pain intensity & pain duration) indicated that the more use of catastrophizing was associated with more depression; and,more use of self- speech and diverting attention were associated with less depression.The multivariant stepwise regression revealed that self-speech and catastrophizing were inturn the most strong adaptive and maladaptive predictors of depression, that explained 47% of shared variance of depression results. Also The Beta Coefficient was only significant for these two coping strategies (P≤0.05). The results of the current study show that adaptive (such as self-speech & diverting attention) and maladaptive (such as catastrophizing) coping strategies are effective in causing depressed mood. These coping strategies are potentially modifiable and could be the target of treatment interventions to decrease depression in chronic back pain patients.