نشریه کودکان استثنایی
سال دوم شماره 4 (پیاپی 6، زمستان 1381)

This research has been carried out for adaptation, Standardization and finding the validity and reliability of Key- Math, nationwide. After translating the original version, the formal and content adaptations were obtained. The test was administered in two phases: a- the first empirical phase: with the commencement of the school year in September 1997, a preliminary study was carried out on 720 students (boys and girls) in 5 districts of the city of Tehran to identify the ambiguities in the test questions and their difficulty level. After statistical analysis of the test items, the final test was administered on 6495 girl and boy students in 11 provinces (85 districts and cities. The data were analyzed statistically and their validity and reliability were obtained. The norm-tables were designed for the first to fifth grades and 0-6-6 to 8 years nationwide and according to provinces

Researchers believe that mentally retarded children show delay or disorder in motor skills in addition to their other disabilities in this research the basic motor skills of mentally retarded children were investigated and also compared among different primary school grades. In order to select the representative sample, the city of Tehran was divided into five geographic districts of north, south, east, west and center. Then, out of the exceptional primary schools of each district, one boys' and one girls' school were chosen; and regarding the proportion of students in preschool through 4th grade to the total number of statistical population (3700 students), 370 subjects were selected. The demographic information's and results of and test of basic motor ability were recorded for all subjects individually. The obtained results are as follows: there is no significant difference between the two sexes in all basic motor skills; except for jumping and targeting, where boys outperform girls. The basic motor skills in preschool and first grade subjects are significantly poor than those of other grade such differences are not observed among the subjects from other grades. In addition, more than 60 percent of subjects scored lower than the mean in most examined skills; which is indicative of an abnormal or delayed course of motor development.

This research is a survey, which has investigated depression and anxiety in visually handicapped persons with regard to age, sex, degree of handicap, marital status and occupational status. The subjects of this research consisted of 135 visually handicapped persons in the city of Tehran with the age rang 16-50 years. They were chosen as accessible sample in classified age groups, man and woman groups, blind and partially sighted groups, unmarried and married groups and working and nonworking groups. The assessment instruments were Beck depression inventory and Cattle Anxiety Scale which have been standardized in Iran. Descriptive findings suggested that many of the visually handicapped persons had mild depression and moderate anxiety. Statistical analysis of the findings showed that in visually handicapped persons, the women unmarried and those who are not working experience more depression than men, the married and those who work, respectively. Therefore, two factors of age and the degree of handicap had not remarkable impact on depression. Analysis of the findings also indicated that anxiety in visually handicapped women was higher than in men. So other factors such as age, the degree of handicap, marital status and occupational status had no impact on anxiety

This research aims to study the impacts of memory strategies on performance of intellectually Disabled children in memory tasks. 120 students (including 60 girls and 60 boys) with mild mental retardation were selected utilizing random multi- stage sampling method. The subjects, placed in three experimental groups and one control group, were tested regarding the rehearsal strategies of retention, extension and organization in an extensive pretest-posttest experimental design with control group. The results of analysis of variance indicated that teaching the above- mentioned strategies to subjects leads to their improved performance in memory tasks.

This research aims to explain some characteristics of mild mental retardation through studying variables of operational capacity and moral judgment. To achieve this goal, 60 children (30 boys & 30 girls) with mild mental retardation were selected through systematic sampling method. All subjects were students of third grade in north educational districts of Tehran. They were assessed utilizing clinical methods, operational tests and moral judgment stories. Indexes of descriptive statistics, comparison of means for the two genders and Pearson's correlation coefficient were used to analyze the obtained data. The results indicated that, mentally retarded children, acquire the assessed concepts in a higher chronological age in comparison with their normal peers. Their success in this domain decreases with the increase of chronological age. In other words, they lag in acquisition of these concepts. Mentally retarded children's delay and inertia lead to their failure in operational capacity, and thus defective balance in this period. Only a few of these children are able to acquire the standards of this quality of development, this condition is not characterized by dissociation between aspects of moral judgment and operational capacity. These aspects have a parallel development and there is no remarkable difference between two sexes in these domains.

The present research aims to reply to these questions: 1. Is there any significant difference between social development of the mentally retarded students who do physical exercises and those who do not? 2. Is there any significant difference between the above-mentioned group in regard to behavioral disorders? The sample consisted of 45 exercising educable mentally retarded students (42 boys & 3 girls) and 45 non- exercising educable mentally retarded students (42 boys & 3 girl). The subjects were students of exceptional primary and secondary schools of Tehran. The main (exercising) group was selected purposively. The selection of non-exercising group was done utilizing matching methods in the same schools. The research devices included Vineland Social Maturity Scale (VSMS-V) and Rotter's 30-questioned teacher inventory. The results obtained through statistical data indicated that, there is a significant difference between social maturity of exercising and non- exercising mentally retarded students. In addition, the exercising individuals show less behavioral disorders due to their social maturity; however, non exercising students have poor social maturity and high behavioral disorders. In other words, there is an inverse relationship between physical exercises and Behavioral disorders.