نشریه پژوهش های بالینی دام های بزرگ
پیاپی 11 (تابستان 1389)

When dairy cattle are subjected to heat stress, reproductive efficiency declines.To override the suppressive effects of heat stress various environmental and hormonal manipulations have been utilized. The aim of the present study was to evaluate whether the administration of GnRH and hCG on day 5 post-insemination would improve pregnancy rate in mild heat stressed dairy cattle (summer months). All cows were inseminated at estrus and then on days 5 after AI, they were alternately assigned into three groups: GnRH group(n=44)received an IM injection (5ml) of GnRH (GONAbreed®,PARNEL, Australia,) hCG group (n=44) received an IM injection (1ml) of hCG (Pregnyl®, Daru Pakhsh, Iran) and control group (n=36) which did not received any treatment.Pregnancy was diagnosed on day 32-39 after AI by ultrasonography.. The difference in CR among three groups were analyzed by using chi-square and fisher test. CR in GnRH, hCG and control groups were 54/5%, 61% and 58/3% respectively, that weren’t significant difference among three groups (P>0.05). CR within GnRH groups in ≤150 and>150 days open subgroups were 72%, 40% that is statistically significant (P<0.05) and also CR between GnRH and hCG groups based on Open days>15o was 40%, 76% that is statistically significant (P<0.05). CR within control and hCG groups among <3 and≥3number of AI were 80%, 31%, 77% and 39%respectively, that is statistically different(P<0.05). According to the results of this study, the use of hCG after AI in repeat breeder dairy cows in summer months is recommended.

Chalcalburnus mossulensis from the cyprinidae family is one of the indigenous fish in Gheshlagh Lake of Kordestan-Iran. Ligula intestinalis is one of the infective parasites of this fish. In this study, the effects of this parasite on gonadal tissue of Chalcalburnus mossulensis, was investigated. For this purpose, 144 fish sample from mentioned species were collected (104 of them were infected by this parasite).After histopathological investigation, In gonads of infected fish, abnormal degenerative changes were seen. These changes were MMC (Melano-Macrophage Center),hemorrhage, atrophy, infiltration, necrosis and decrease of vetilogen. So the spread of this parasite in different water sources should be consider as the point of the maintenance of native species and cultivated fish.

This experiment were conducted to evaluate the efficacy of intravaginal sponge pessary (fluorogestone acetate; 40mg) to induce a synchronized estrus in lactating ewes and reproductive performance (fertility and fecundity) in out of breeding season in suburb of urmia. For this purpose 182 lactating ewes at around of 3-4 months of post partum were selected. Females were randomly divided into two groups considering their age and post partum period. Group1 (n =101) received an intravaginal sponge (40 mg fluorogeston acetate; Chrono-gest، intervet، Holland) for 14 days and with an injection of 500 i. u PMSG (Folligon، intervet، Holland) at the removal of sponges. Females in group 2 (n = 81) did not received further treatment and were considered as control. At the time of removal progesterone، the appearance of vaginal discharge was investigated. Twelve hours after termination of treatment، fertile ram was used to detected estrus and mating. Estrus response also fertility and lambing rates on the base of labor information in all females were analyzed with using of chi-square test. In group one 14 ewes had abnormal vaginal discharge at the time of removal. Estrus response، fertility and lambing rate for treatment group were 76، 45. 5 and 64. 6 percent; respectively (p<0. 05). Estrus was detected only 9. 8 percent of females in control group (p<0. 01). The prolificacy rate for treatment group was 1. 4 (p>0. 05). These results revealed that using of fluorogestone acetate (40 mg) for 14 days with together of PMSG (500 i. u) can be used with acceptable fertility rate in out of breeding season in lactating ewes around of urmia.

The aim of present study was determination of alimentary helminthic parasites of sheep Sanandaj. 100 alimentary tract (from oesophagus to rectum) were examined. Oesophagus was examined with direct observation. Other parts of digestive canal were examined by washing their contents separately. The worms found in the washed contents of alimentary were collected, counted and identified microscopically after being cleaved in Lactophenol. Oesophagus, Abomasum, small and large intestine were infected with 9 species of nematodes and 2 species of cestode. The rate of helminthic infection in sheep were 38%. The number of nematodes recovered from the gastro-intestinal ranged from 1 to 650 per host. Helminthic infection was not seen in Rumen or reticulum. The results of helminthic infection relating to other parts of alimentary tract were seen as follows. Oesophagus: Gongilonema pulchrum(5%), Abomasum: Haemonchus contortus(1%), Marshallagia marshalli(5%), Ostertagia occidentalis(11%), O.circumcincta(2%), Small intestine: Nematodirus oiratianus(8%), Moniezia benedeni(3%) and Avitellina centripunctata(12%), Large intestine: Oesophagostomum venulosum(2%), Trichuris ovis(10%) and Skrjabinema ovis(3%). Results shows the high contamination of gastrointestinal under animals is the parasitic worms.

In order to finding perfect antibiotic against bacterial causes of Salmo trutta caspius brood stocks caudal fin rot syndrom, after isolation and diagnosting two genus bacteria including Aeromonas and Pseudomonas from caudal damaged fin that have been recognized as a serious affair baceria, antibiogram test was performed using six antibiotic disks including Oxytetracyclin(T) 30 μg, Trimethoprim (TMP) 5μg, Chloramphenicol (C) 30μg, Nitrofurazone (NFX) 5μg, Erythromycin (E) 15μg and Nalidixic acid (NA) 30 μg. The result of antibiogram test showed all Aeromonas samples were sensitive to Trimethoprim, Chloramphenicol and Nitrofurazone and mostly to Nalidixic acid and Chloramphenicol while most of samples were resistance to Erythromycin and Oxytetracycline. Also Pseudomonas samples only were sensitive to Nitrofurazone and they were mostly resistance to Oxytetracycline, Nalidixic acid, Erythromycin, Trimethoprim and Chloramphenicol. It is necessary to say that using antibiotics against bacterial causes of fin rot syndrom seems logical only after removing other primary causes.

In a completely randomized design, effect of different levels of sulfur amino acids (SAA) in broiler starter diet on weight gain (WG), feed intake (FI) and feed conversion ratio (FCR) were investigated. Tow hundred and eighty eight Ross 308 day old broiler chicks divided into 16 groups. Dietary treatments were four levels of 0.7, 0.8 (NRC recommendation), 0.9 and 1.0% of sulfur amino acids. FI, WG and FCR were measured weekly. Heamatological indices were measured at 21 day old.In 8 to 14 days, WG of chicks that receiving 0.9 and 1.0% of SAA were significantly (p≤0.05) greater than 0.7% SAA fed group. In 15 to 21 days, 0.7% SAA fed group significantly (p≤0.05) had lower WG and FI than other groups. In 15 to 21 days, 0.7% SAA fed group significantly (p≤0.05) had lower FI than other groups, only. In 15 to 21 days, FCR of chicks receiving 0.9% of SAA were significantly (p≤0.05) lower than 0.7% SAA fed group. In day 21, 0.7% SAA fed group significantly (p≤0.05) had lower final weight than other groups. Dietary treatments had no effect on heamatlogical Indices. On the basis of this investigation, it seems, the level of SAA in broiler starter diet that recommended by NRC (1994), is sufficient.

Yersinia enterocolitica is one of the intestine’s pathogens which transmit to human through the water, foods and specially contaminated meats. The infected meat has no apparent symptoms of putrefaction and eating of such meat in raw and/or undercooked forms can lead to acute gastroenteritis, dysentery, mesenteric lymphadenitis and even septicemia. The aim of this research was the survey of Yersinia enterocolitica frequency in any types of red meat’s in Tabriz city. For this purpose 120 samples of red meats were purchased by the method of random sampling. The samples were divided in groups’ responding to the parameters of packaging, variety of preserving and storing time. All of the samples carried to laboratory aseptically in cold boxes and required microbiological testes including cold enrichment, cultivation in selective medium, isolation of bacterium and typing of genus and species done by specific biochemical and enzymatic characters. 13.3% of all of the studied meats were contaminated with Yersinia enterocolitica. Analysis of results with fisher exact and chi – square testes showed that there was no meaning diversity among the all of studied samples groups. A considerably quantities of red meats are contaminated with this bacterium “without any symptoms of pollution” and if meat foods don’t heated enough for killing all of the bacterium in cooking period, subsequent preserving of such foods in refrigerators condition provide opportunity for there proliferation and as regarding of absence of any symptoms, eating of such foods can results to gastroenteritis and other abdominal disorders in consumers.

In order to study the residual of antibiotics in raw milk of dairy products from one factory, this research carried out in 2008.The number of samples included 7,1&3 from three groups of raw milk collecting, semi industrial &industrial farms,respectively. The expriment was conducted in the groups and regular replications in the intervals of one week. Total samples (i.e167 samples) were analysed by the method of Copan test. The correlation between depended & independent variables were analyzed by Kruskal Wallis test. The results of 103 test were negative and 64 test were positive.The number of samples in the 3 mentions groups were 61,9&97 and the number of positive samples were 2,1&61 (i.e 3.3%,11.1%&62.9%) respectively.The results of this research indicated that antibiotic residual from the samples of industrial farms were superior than two other groups, and the semi industrial farms were superior than the first group.

This study has been done in order to assess the supplementation of zinc sulfate on serum level of vitamin A and Beta carotene in dairy cows. 17 heads of milky cows with equal conditions of feed management and production and coeval were located in two control group (7 heads) treatment group (10 heads). In treatment group in addition to normal food, 500 mg supplement zinc sulfate has added to diet for 45 days. Blood samples were taken in days zero (before of initial administration supplement), 15, 30 and 45 from cows in both groups of tail vein. Average zinc serum by biochemical kit and serum quantity of vitamin A and Beta- carotene by spectrophatometry and using N. Hexane solution were measured. The average of serum level of supplement group in comparision to control group in 15, 30, 45 days, shows meaningful increase (p=0/000). Average serum level of vitamin A in supplement group in 15 days didnt has significant increase, but in 30 and 45 days had significant increase (p=0/016, p=0/004, respectively). Serum Betacarotene in creased after day 15 in supplement group but any time that was not meaning increase but in 30 and 45 days had meaningful increase. (P=0.016, P=0.004). Serum Betacarotene incrased after day 15 in care group but any time, that was not meaningful increase. In supplement group the correlation between serum level of vitamin A with serum level of zinc was meaningful only day 45. (r= 0.716, p<0.05), In other times it was not meaningful, but in the case of Betacarotene, There wasnt meaningful relation with zinc serum. The result is that, zinc sulfate complementary increases serum level of zinc and vitamin A in milky cows and can be useful.

Pain is one of the most important clinical signs of diseases. Considering of the most advances, pain treatment and other effects of pain, is a major challenge for medicine and researchers. A number of studies have shown that cholestasis has changed the effect of drugs on receptors and tissuses, because cholestasis induced severe pathophysiological changes on tissues and receptor number. Also increase of endogenous opioid levels has reported in some of pathologic forms such as cholestasis. So, it is important to know if these (pain and cholestasis) can have contradictive effects in one patient or not. The aim of this study was comparison of formalin-induced pain response in normal and cholestasis mice. In this experimental study, 30 NMRI male mice were used and randomly divided into 3 groups, include normal, sham (surgery without bile duct ligated) and cholestasis (surgery with bile duct ligated). Pain response evaluated in normal and seven days after operation in sham and cholestatic animals. For induced pain response, formalin (20μl, 5%) injected intrapawley. The time of licking and biting of injected paw was measured as pain response at 5 minutes intervals for 1 hour. The results showed that formalininduced a biphasic pain response. Cholestasis significantly decreased (p<0.05) the first (neurogenic pain) and no significantly decreased (p>0.05) second phase (inflammatory pain) of pain response. Our results suggested that the cholestasis reduce nociceptive and inflammatory effect probably via an increase on the endogenous opioids.

In this study, the genetic variation in Zandi sheep was investigated using 15 microsatellite markers. Genomic DNA was extracted from 120 Blood samples, using modified salting-out method. All of fifteen loci were amplified successfully and all tested loci were all polymorphic. The Tests of genotype frequencies for deviation from the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium (HWE) were performed at each locus and revealed significant departure from HWE (P<0.001) due to heterozygote excess.Parameters of variability such as effective number of alleles and gene diversities (Heterozygosity) corroborated the high level of variation frequently displayed by microsatellite markers. Furthermore, other criteria of genetic variation including PIC values and Shanon information index had calculated in this study. The mean of polymorphism information content of the Zandi sheep population was equal to 0.808 and indicate high level of polymorphism. Also the Shannon's information index of the Zandi sheep population was high (1.92 ± 0.09). Based on results of this research, high level of genetic diversity was observed in Zandi breed. This research also was shown that microsatellite markers is a useful tool for evaluation of genetic variation among of domesticated animals.

In spring 2008, during study on Persian cats to intestinal parasites in Tabriz city,feces samples were collected from two cats (2.5 month), once male and another female that they are hold in once cage in veterinary clinic. feces samples were abnormal. Samples transported to laboratory and tested by Sheather’s solution and then samples were studied by light Microscopy. Samples showed oocystes of Isospora felis. This is the first case of this infestation from Tabriz city.