فصلنامه مطالعات و پژوهش های شهری و منطقه ای
پیاپی 5 (تابستان 1389)

Following the occurrence of urban sprawl phenomenon in Iranian cities in recent decades, the need for planning on land and housing has become critical issue, particularly in the old zone of cities. In this context, land readjustment projects have been established parallel to the smart growth policies in the old and historical zone of Yazd, located in the central desert area of the Iran. Whatever ensures the future development of land readjustment plans, is the evaluation of experiences in order to revise the theoretical principles of these plans. The findings of this study show that residents of Naft and Khatam residential complexes are satisfied with living in these complexes in old zone, and it shows these plans has been succeeded. On the other hand, since neighboring residents of these two complexes have benefited from the construction of these projects, such as increasing their property values, they are satisfied with the implementation of such plans in old zone and welcome the future development of these projects. However, the assessments and findings of this research indicate that only the architectural aspects of the complexes have been considered in the process of implementation of these projects, while other important issues, such as improving the access network and providing the needed public spaces have been neglected. To this end, systematic attitude must be considered for future planning of these projects, in order to achieve their goals, i.e restoration and gentrification of historical zones.

According to the estimation of the United Nation Settlement Program, more than 50 percent of the residents of the cities of low-income countries and 20 percent of that of the moderate-income countries live in informal Settlement and indices of literacy, health, income and social advance are lower than average of urban life quality, which is not proper for human dignity. Our country is one of those countries which are engaged this with urban problem, too. As the constitution of I.R.IRAN emphasizes one of the important duty of the government is providing a suitable residence for Iranian citizens. Before and after Islamic Revolution, the government controls the land and urban housing policies. This article tries to review the disadvantages of the applied policies of the government and the less-satisfying causes of its informal settlement organizing policies Using the analytic-explanatory methodology, qualitative and quantitative approach, collecting documentary and exploratory data. So, questionnaire and factor analysis method are used for evaluating the informal settlement empowering indexes. Results shows that the government policies have not only lead to social and physical sustainability f the informal residences, but also caused a large amount of low-income people to be deprived from land and housing facilities in the government program. Considering these findings some suggestions are presented.

Urban system is the spacial manifestation of political economy and the land management method of a country. The manner of distribution and the level of balance of the cities’ population get clearer by examining the urban system. The urban system of Iran has tended to chain pattern from traditional galaxy pattern before 1300 (1921) because of centralization of facilities and services in big cities. This pattern has distracted the logical relationships among small, medium and big cities and led to disorder in urban system. This study aims at identifying the level of balance in Iran urban system during the period of 1335 to 1385. The study is of descriptive-analytic methodology and concentrates on examining models. The statistical community includes all cities of Iran in 5 census periods. The findings of current study shows that urban system is becoming more balanced with regard to the indices of concentration coefficient, rank-size, primate city, and entropy index but with regard to Ginny Coefficient and population distribution in urban classes there has been an imbalance compared to the situation n 1335. In fact, on the basis of Lorenz curve, Iran cities have been near the normal line in 1335 but got away from this line in 1385. This is because of the increase in number of small cities with little of population and increase in the population of big cities in Iran. To reach a balance in urban system in Iran the strategies of decentralization of metropolises and boosting small and medium cities are suggested.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the city of Isfahan youths moral values including Veridicity, Honesty, Equity, Tolerance and Charitable. Research method was documentary and survey. Data was collected through questionnaire and interview with 300 youths. Sampling was two stage sampling. Findings showed moral values didnt have much important for Isfahan youths. More of moral values are low of middle value. Also, the most of Isfahan youths pay attention less to moral values. The valued harmony caused the grounded characteristic including gender, age, education, Marital status and Economic situation didnt affect on Isfahan youths moral values.

The existing situation of the absorption of foreign tourists in Isfahan province is very distant from what is considered to be a desirable situation several factors contribute to this gap. In this research the existing barriers of tourism industry in attracting tourists to the three environments in side, close and far, has been studied so that with the recognition and elimination of those barriers the competitive advantages and are identified considered. The statistical community includes managers of tourism sector of Isfahan Cultural Heritage, managers of tourism services and tour guides. The data is collected from 39 people selected random yond a researcher-designed questionnaire is used to construct the questionnaire value chain models and five competitive forces model of porter, PEST and model are used. Since one hundred and twenty questions are questioned from the sample, descriptive statistics including frequency distribution tables, descriptive factors, charts, mean, standard deviation are used to analyze the data and in the inferential statistics one and tow variables T-Test are used. The analysis summarization of data is done using spss software. The results confirm the research hypotheses.

Urban land use planning as main center urban planning execute an important role in organization the spatial planning of towns, and evaluation of the urban land use planning is even more important. Khoshroodpey, located in the south of Babol city. has the population about 5700 people and has, changed to town in 1381. Weak management and neglecting lows and rules of city construction on the hand being labeled as a deprived town on the other hand, have caused it to be in bad conditions with regard to servicing providing facilities and also organizing the spatial use planning. In this research urban uses are studied, quantitatively and qualitative. In quantitative research, the levels and needed precipitate in the current situation and in next ten years 1395 are focused on. The results show that in the conditions, the land area of Khoshroodpey have shortage of about 108265 m2 with regard to per capital and standards. In qualittive analysis land use is studied using Arc GIS software and considerable evaluation indices (desirability, capacity, compatibility). The results show that siting of many land use of this town is partly unfit, based on desirability and partly compatible based on compatibility. However based on capacity, except for the commercial and official and a little educational use, other uses such as sport use nearly 75% of population don’t have the opportunity to the optimal usage of the services and of medical use 80% often. The result show that since Khoshroodpey town with flat topography, has the opportunity of development, it has the capability of the attraction of Babol markets. So in order to overcome the shortages creating convenience, logical use establishment on the basis of indices and standards as well as allocating requiredarea and spatial distribution must become a priority. spread for removal shortage town with using of expert urbanized people should locate in the first programming too.

The negative consequences of high car dependency have motivated a great deal of research among urban scholars of stable development aimed at reducing car use. It is claimed that one of influencing factors in car-dependency and high car usage is the conventional urban development pattern. Because of the horizontal, low-density and sprawl pattern, activity centers are located far from each other which results in increasing more travel by car in the absence of an efficient public transportation system. This study investigates the factor effecting car-dependency within three urban districts of region Metropolitan Shiraz. The reason for choosing these areas is that they are similar in socio-economic characteristics but different in urban density level. The ownership of the cars and the amount of using them are used as indices to show car dependency the questioners completed by the head of the household (359 questioners) as well as the GIS dataset of Metropolitan Shiraz are used. Using statistical analysis such as analysis of variance (ANOVA) and correlation analysis, the association between car ownership/usage and socio-economical and physical features is examined. The results suggest that the most important determinants of household car-dependency are some socio-economic characteristics -such as family income, household size, number of employees, and the job and education level of the head of the household and home ownership status-. On the other hand, urban density (floor area ratio) shows a positive association with car usage frequency. The results confirm that there is a fundamental difference between the situation of Iran cities and that of the West earn countries', in terms of car-dependency issue.