پژوهشنامه تربیتی
سال پنجم شماره 1 (پیاپی 18، بهار 1388)

The present study investigates the relationship between managers’ managerial knowledge and organizational effectiveness and well-being of high schools in Mashhad. To do this, two independent samples were studied. To measure the managers’ managerial knowledge, of among the population, a sample of 40 was selected. To measure the organizational effectiveness and well-being of high schools, of the population of teachers, a sample of 200 was selected. The present research is of survey type, and three questionnaire were used to measure each variable. The results show that there is not a significant relationship between managers’ managerial knowledge and organizational effectiveness and well-being of high schools.

The development of IT has had a serious impact on higher education in the twentieth century. This development has been noticeable in higher education systems worldwide. Realizing its importance, Iranians have taken significant steps. However, Iranian education system faces serious challenges in developing the technology more. While studying the status of IT development in the world, the present study aims to elaborate on the challenges in terms of cultural-social and human resource dimensions. The statistical population of the study includes the members of the faculty in some state universities. The universities are the University of Kordestan, Shiraz University, Alame Tabatabayi University, Tehran University, Sharif technical University, Esfehan Technical University. They were randomly selected. 150 members were selected through randomized, stratified method to answer a questionnaire. It was a researcher-made questionnaire. The validity of the instrument was approves by a number of scholars. Its reliability was established through Cronbach alpha to be 0.97. SPSS was employed to analyze the data. The results showed that in the cultural-social dimension, high ratio of student numbers to the number of personal computers at universities, the lack of research interest among students, and lack of English knowledge among students and teachers were the major challenges. In the human resource dimension, inability of students and to some extent the teachers to access information in existing databases was the major challenge.

One of the important issues in organizational management is managing conflicts. Conflict may have many positive and negative effects on people and organizations. Taking advantage of conflicts will bring about prosperity to the organization and job satisfaction to its personnel. In a library, as a dynamic organization, there is the possibility of conflict. Considering the cultural, social, political and economic atmosphere in libraries, the present research tries to study the causes of conflict and its effect on job satisfaction. It is a survey research which uses questionnaire to gather data. The statistical population includes all librarians (80, 64% female) in the higher education institutes located in the Northern, Southern, and Razavi provinces. The results indicated that there is a significant relationship between library organization and job satisfaction. There is also a significant relationship between conflict in the working area and managers’ job satisfaction. The existence of conflict is also significantly related to job satisfaction.

Information and Communication Technology(ICT) is an inter-disciplinary expertise domain that is used to establish long-distance connections, to make information accessible and to avoid its accumulation and monopoly(Sharify, 1383). In the high-tech era, the sustainable wealth of a nation is its skilled and creative human resource. The advancement of any society depends on its intellectuals(David Elson,1377). Since human resources are more affected by ICT and media, it is obvious that the countries which manage to provide themselves with advanced human resources will make their wealth sustainable and lasting|(Karam Pur, 1382). Education, which is up-to-date, is the key to have skilled and innovative human resource(David Elson,1377). Today, the use of high-tech to facilitate learning and its effect on educational achievement of students has been emphasized in higher education(Pur Jamshidy). The present research studies the effect of introducing Information and Communication Technology(ICT) on the educational development of the students of psychology at Islamic Azad University, Roodhen Branch. 160 students participated in the research. A researcher-made questionnaire was used and the results were analyzed using SPSS to determine the effect of familiarity(low-high) with ICT and sex on educational achievement of both make and female students. Factor analysis, independent-group t-test, and ANOVA techniques were employed. It was determined that sex did not have any effect on educational achievement. However, the degree of familiarity with ICT had an effect on educational achievement.

The present study investigates mental health from its different aspects (physical signs, anxiety, sleep disorder, social malfunctions and depression) among employed and unemployed people aging 22 to 40 in Tehran. The statistical population includes all employed and unemployed men aging 20 to 40 in Tehran. A sample of 600 (300 employed and 300 hundred unemployed) was selected through multistage, multilayer method. To assess mental health GHO-28 test was employed. The statistical technique of t-test is used to compare independent means. There are five hypotheses in the research, in which different aspects of mental health (physical signs, anxiety, sleep disorder, social malfunctions and depression and perfect example) among employed and unemployed men were compared. The t-test estimated for these aspects are as follows: physical signs(--6.926, anxiety, sleep disorder and social malfunctions(5.706), depression(-7.169) and perfect example(-13.683). All of which are statistically significant at 1%.

Naser khosro, a poet and scholar in 5 th ah, has used the Persian equivants of wisdom and its derivatives almost in 400 verses and rationality and its derivatives 200 times. Although some see wisdom as value – laden and rationality as philosophical, such a distinction is not so outstanding to lead to this judgment. the present study has used descriptive library research to find the occurrences of the above mentioned words and their derivatives, and classify them based on their similarities. In addition to reproducing Jome verses in which he uses the words, examples of other poets, contemporary or other wise, are also quoted. In more than 55 verses, he addresses the wise, in which he provides them with advice. He talks about the relationship between wisdom and the world, the acceptance of the wise man and putting it into practice, the relationship of the wise with God, staying away from wrongdoing, all of which result in eternity and elation.

The main purpose of this study was to survey the impact of web-based learning (weblog) with a problem _ solving approach on the development of reflective thinking in English language students of Islamic Azad University of Ardabil branch. The data was collected by questionnaire. Reflective thinking questionnaire that designed by Kember et al. (1999) on the basis of Mezirow theory (1991), conducted as a pre-test and post-test for both experimental and control groups. 30 students were selected using the cluster sampling method and then assigned to two experimental and control group no randomly or deliberately. The results showed that there was a significant difference between the two groups concerning understanding, reflection and critical thinking. Finally, this paper confirmed that web-based learning has an effect on student’s reflective thinking development.

The main responsibility of managers is to maintain an environment in which people can work together and achieve the predetermined goals. To do this, managers should study the effect of their habits and tendencies on other so that they can omit the ones that may have a negative effect on people. Therefore, they should learn self-knowledge and have control over themselves(Knatez et. al, 1384). Knowing oneself has always been sought by human beings. The identification of needs, values, humane objectives and most important of all self-respect is important. To get to self-realization, which is our ultimate goal, the satisfaction of basic needs such as self-respect is necessary. At the same time, self-respect is one of the components of self-knowledge(Alipour, 1375) On the other hand, one of the issues arising out of human relationships is that of conflict. A manager’s responsibility is conflict management. Conflict, if effectively controlled, can reveal hidden organizational issues, improve the quality of decision making and leads to innovation within the organization. The present study investigates the relationship between managers’ self-knowledge and their applying conflict management styles in high schools in Bojnord. The statistical population are the high school managers and the sampling technique is randomized. The study is of survey type. It is a descriptive, correlational study. To gather data, Raj Kumar Sarsovat self-knowledge questionnaire and Rahim’s methods of dealing with conflict were employed. To analyze the data, descriptive statistics(frequency and percentive) and inferential statistics(chi-square) were employed. Cronbach alpha formula was used to determine the reliability of the questionnaire. The results showed that there is a significant relationship between managers’ self-knowledge and their applying conflict management styles at 99% confidence. There was also a relationship between self-knowledge and each of conflict management styles(cooperation, solution, competition, avoidance) at 95% percent of certainty. We found that those managers who use cooperation, solution styles have more self-awareness.