فصلنامه پژوهش در سلامت روانشناختی
سال چهارم شماره 1 (بهار و تابستان 1389)

The goal of the present study was to predict safety behaviors in insomnia by investigating a number of predicting variables including depression, anxiety, worry, pre- sleep arousal (cognitive and somatic arousal), dysfunctional beliefs about sleep and metacognitive beliefs in insomnia. 400 students of Tehran University of Medical Sciences participated in this study and all participants completed Depression Anxiety Stress Scales(DASS), Penn State Worry Questionnaire, Pre-Sleep Arousal Scale, Dysfunctional Beliefs and Attitudes about Sleep Scale(DBAS), Metacognitions Questionnaire-Insomnia and Sleep Related Behaviors Questionnaire. All variables were significantly correlated with safety behaviors. Stepwise multiple regression analysis suggested that metacognitive beliefs in insomnia, somatic arousal and dysfunctional beliefs about sleep predicted safety behaviors in insomnia. Depression, anxiety, worry and cognitive arousal were excluded from the predicting model. The findings underlined the significant influence that metacognitive beliefs in insomnia, somatic arousal and dysfunctional beliefs about sleep had on individuals’ behaviors. Moreover, the results suggested that metacognitive beliefs in insomnia may need to be considered an important factor in maintaining insomnia.

The goal of this research was an investigation into the implicit and explicit memory bias against negative emotional information processing in adolescents with high and low trait anxiety. To do so, 2 adolescent groups of twenty with high trait (n=20) and low trait (n=20) were selected from a large pole of adolescents using Spielbergr’s State-Trait Anxiety inventory for Children (STAI-C). Following the two groups were matched in terms of variables including age, sex,and education level, Explicit Memory Test(EMT) and Implicit Memory Test(IMT),completing word stems, were used to assess the subjects. The stimulants, emotional items, included two series of threatening and neutral words in EXP and a set of ambiguous words. The results indicated that there were no significant differences between high trait and low trait anxiety groups in terms of subject sensitivity and bias against threatening and neutral stimulants. However, high trait group had completed words stems more than low trait group in implicit memory test. These results indicated the presence of implicit memory bias in high trait group. Generally, the results of the present research are in accord with other researches and support the principles governing memory bias and trait anxiety.

The purpose of the present research was to investigate the efficacy of stress inoculation training, in comparison with group social skills training, on psychological well-being of veterans’ daughters suffering from post-traumatic stress disorder. The sample of the study included 45 veterans’ daughters with post-traumatic stress disorder, who were selected through cluster random sampling from among the girls aged 14 to 18. The subjects were also randomly assigned to two experimental, groups undergoing group social skills training and stress inoculation training, and control groups, 15 adolescent girls in each group. This study was a comparative experimental one and pretest post-posttest, control group design was used. Following the two experimental groups underwent the intervention, Burumand Psychological Well-being Questionnaire, Ryff's Psychological well-being scale and researcher-made Demographical Information Questionnaires were used to collect the data. Then the data were analyzed by multivariate ANOVA. Results of the study indicated that stress inoculation training and group social skills training had a significant effect on psychological well-being of veterans’ daughters suffering from post-traumatic stress disorder. Furthermore, the results showed that stress inoculation training is more effective and influential than social skills group training.

This study has been conducted to investigate the effectiveness of group cognitive behavioral therapy for severity of pain and mental health in individuals with back pain. This is a quasi-experimental research and posttest-pretest, control group design is used. Of women with chronic back pain who came to Imam Khomeni Hospital and who consulted a physician in his surgery in 2011,30 women, having average age of 33 years and seven months, were selected randomly and were also put randomly into two groups of fifteen. All participants completed General Health Questionnaire(GHQ) and Quebec Back Pain Disability Scale before and after intervention. After 12 sessions of cognitive behavioral therapy, t The results indicated that the back pain significantly decreased and mental health improved significantly, too. According to the findings of the study, it can be said that group cognitive behavioral therapy would lead to the improvement of bio- psychological components through affecting mechanisms involved in Melzack’s neuromatrix and changing psychological structures, as a mediator of pain. Therefore, group cognitive behavioral therapy is a useful intervention for reducing severity of pain, as well as increasing mental health.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between the dimensions of Family communication patterns (conversation orientation and conformity orientation) and adolescent's Shyness. The sample the study included 367 students, 232 girls and 135 boys, who were first and second high school students in the first region of Tehran, and they were selected through multistage cluster sampling method. The subjects filled in the revised family communication patterns scale (koerner & Fitzpatrick, 2002) and Cheek and Buss Shyness scale (1981). Regression analysis was used to predict shyness by Dimensions of family communication patterns. Then, four kinds of families were extracted based on high and low scores on dimensions of family communication patterns and the adolescents’ shyness in these families was compared by using One-way ANOVA analysis. The results of regression analysis revealed that family conversation orientation had a negative and significant relationship with shyness and predicted it negatively and family conformity orientation had a positive and significant relationship with adolescent's shyness and predicted it positively. The results of the analysis of variance indicated a significant difference between these groups and showed that the children in consensual and pluralistic Families had less shyness than the children in protective and careless families. The findings of the present research showed that families with conversation orientation, who had free, comfortable and rich relationships as a need for joyful family life, raised children who are less shy in comparison with the children being raised in the families with conformity orientation

The aim of the study was to investigate the effect of therapeutic touch and muscle relaxation on trait and state anxiety in Tarbiat Moallem University’s students, Tehran. Population of the study included all the students of this university in the academic year 2007-2008.A sample of 40students was selected through simple random sampling. Based on Spielberger state-trait anxiety inventory (STAI),the subjects were put into four groups of ten: Therapeutic touch group, muscle relaxation group, anxious control group and normal group control. In this study which was a quasi-experimental research, pretest-posttest, control group design was used. To analyze and to test the hypotheses of the study, Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) was used. The findings revealed that there was a significant difference between the experimental and control groups in terms of state and trait anxiety. Therefore, muscle relaxation can be used to decrease the anxiety, since the results of the study indicated that muscle relaxation method can have an effective role in decreasing state and trait anxiety.

This study aimed at predicting subjective well-being by using variables including extroversion, neuroticism, constructive problem solving, and dysfunctional problem solving. To do this, 528 students of Tehran’s Islamic Azad Universities were selected through multistage sampling, and then they completed five factor personality inventory, social problem -solving inventories, and subjective well – being scales. Data analysis, using structural equation modeling (SEM), showed that in general 47 percent of variance in subjective well – being could be explained by extroversion, neuroticism, constructive problem solving, and dysfunctional problem solving. The results indicated that extroversion positively and neuroticism and dysfunctional problem solving negatively predicted the subjective well – being, and neuroticism predicted dysfunctional problem solving positively and constructive social problem solving negatively. Extroversion didn’t not predict the constructive problem solving significantly, even though it predicted dysfunctional problem solving negatively. Moreover, the relation between constructive problem solving and subjective well- being wasn’t significant. Based on the results of this research, extroversion, neuroticism, constructive problem solving and dysfunctional problem solving had significant and determinant role in explaining subjective well – being.