فصلنامه مطالعات تاریخی - نظامی
پیاپی 5-6 (زمستان 1388 و بهار 1389)

The essential position of security and the main role that it plays in man’s life, as well as the responsibilities of the armed forces, are simple but farfetched issues that have attracted the attention of political researchers. As the history of Iran, with its so many ups and downs, indicates, power especially as hardware, has mostly been regarded as a factor causing insecurity and threat in different aspects of people’s lives. Defining the relation between security and armed forces can provide a practical method for the use of armed forces. The conduct of Imam Ali (pbuh), which concerns administration as well as application of the armed forces, can be regarded as a reliable source for defining the issue again. This research referres to the holy Quran and Nahjolbalaghah, as well as some other reliable historical sources and religious traditions to investigate the issue deeply. Issues such as definition of security, the position of security in man’s life, and the role of governments in its supply have been considered in this piece of research. Finally, the vulnerabilities from which the military forces are supposed to avoid, are reviewed according to Imam Ali’s administrative conduct.

This essay is intended to explain and evaluate the role of the triangular leadership in the holy city of Najaf on the Constitutional Revolution of Iran. This revolution is an unforgettable epical event in the history of Iran, which came about in the basis of backgrounds, roots, and historical and politico-social factors. Two imperialistic powers of Russia and Britain and their internal mercenaries tried hard to suppress the revolution, yet they were not able to do so. They also tried hard to deviate the revolution, and unfortunately they were able to make some deviations in its process. They acted strongly to deviate the revolution, which can be regarded historically as the root of the Islamic Revolution. This issue has been considered from different aspects by many internal and external historians and analysts. However, the role of the leaders and the mainstream of this great revolution have not been explained properly.

Making use of political sociology and focusing on the structure of power in the court of Pahlavi II, the researcher intends to find out the answer to this question: “What kind of people, groups, or organizations comprised the power structure of Pahlavi II?” While the power structure in Iran seems to have been person-oriented and centralized, the researcher basically hypothesizes that it has been influenced by subgroups and individuals in the court. As long as this kind of power structure used to exist in the court, the influence of informal groups could be quite natural. The researcher found out that power structure was quite centralized and autocratic in the era of Pahlavi II. The structure was designed so centrally that all power was eventually in the hands of Shah and he stood at the top of the power pyramid. The ruling elites got their power from Shah. The closer they were to Shah, the stronger they were. Therefore, individuals were more influential than institutes because certain people were more reliable to Shah than institutes.

This article is indented to review the role of social elements, including the role of lumpenism, as well as the role of foreign elements in the process of the Mordad 28th coup until its victory. The lumpens were quite influential and played a great role in the victory of the coup. Indeed, if the lumpens had not been involved, the coup and withdrawal of Mossadegh would have never resulted in victory. The main concern of this research relates to the role of social elements, and especially the lumpens, in Mordad 28th, 1332 AH

The first modern army of Iran was integrated by merging armed forces and the police force by Pahlavi I. This improvement persisted more in the era of Pahlavi II, because of the expansion of the regional and global relationships. The Iranian army was supposed to conduct a special mission in the last decade of the Pahlavi II, and both superpowers of the East and the West expected great help from the army in line with their objectives. On the other hand, the noble people of Iran, under the leadership of Imam Khomeini and based on their religious beliefs, had already initiated a struggle against the Shah. These groups needed the help of the army, and tried overtly and covertly to draw the attention of the army men towards itself. America tried to organize the army and equip it with new technology to keep its rights in the region and to feel secure from the side of the Ex-USSR. It tried to guarantee its dominance in the region. The eastern superpower tried to penetrate in the army by espionage activities. Imam Khomeini, on the other hand, tried to influence on the Muslim and faithful army members to improve the objectives of the revolution. The rivalry ended in thevictory of Imam Khomeini with the help of the faithful army members. As a result, the combat strength and defensive facilities of the army were employed for the protection of the revolution and the Islamic regime. This essay is indented to investigate this issue briefly.

Conscript culture in Iran contains various components, most important ones of which are religious and educative elements. The former relates to general culture of the conscripts, and the latter refers to specific culture. In two different but related parts of this essay, religious and educative components are discussed. Indicators such as defense, supporting the oppressed people, avoidance from humility, protecting Islam, development of Islam, love of God and engagement in His affairs, promotion of good and prevention of evil, provision of model and expression of dangers are recognized as religious components. Furthermore, indicators such as soldering honor, self-esteem, respect, obedience and identity were recognized as educative components.

This essay intends to investigate the role of the members of the air force in the victory of the Islamic revolution of Iran. Before the victory of the Islamic revolution, most members of the air force were faithful Muslims who were fund of Islam and Shiism. The idea of fighting against oppressive and devil forces was quite strong in them. That was the very reason of their efficient joining the people of Iran in their attempt to withdraw the regime of devil under the leadership of Imam Khomeini. Indeed, the most effective roles against the regime of devil was played by the faithful members of the army. The role of Homafaran, however, was quite distinguished. In this piece of the article, the role of the army members, especially that of Homafaran, is clarified.