فصلنامه گیاه و زیست بوم
پیاپی 13 (بهار 1387)

The distribution of mercury and sulphate compounds in the environment causes seriousenvironmental contamination. Mercury is a potent neurotoxin that causes damage in humancentral nervous system. Some remarkable amounts of mercury could be easily entered tofarms with common industrial processes such as using fertilizers, oil refined products.There are many farms and agricultural stuff around Shahre-rey by which many humanbeings and animals are feed. However there are also many petroleum complexes in thementioned region. In this study the amount of sulphate and mercury in vegetables, including lettuce, tomato, cabbage and basil which were being immensely planted in that area were determined. Moreover the relation between the amounts of contaminates and the closeness of those plants to oil industrial facilities was accurately considered.Then 160 samples were collected and analyzed. Results showed that most western planted areas were clearly more polluted than other directions around. Increasing the distance from industrial facilities, we found quite less amount of mentioned pollutions than closer ones. Lettuce and cabbage were specially more polluted than other vegetables in the same geometrical conditions.

In order to study the relationship between Seed vigour tests, field emergence (FE) standing plantlet and to determine the cause and the effect relationship between them and finding multiple regression model for estimating field emergence, this study conducted on 16 Red bean cultivars contain: LQk-29, KIP31,AND-1007, D-18083, DOR-364, AND-925, MOC-59, MCD 2004, DOR-476, DCD 2004 RAB-58, RAB-484, RAB-505, XAN-194, RAP-50, GOLI NAZ in the base of randomized complete block design for field emergence and completely randomized design for laboratory experiment in 4 replication. some vigour tests as Ccold Test(CT), Accelerated Aging test(AA), T4, T7, EE, WE, WS, WE/ WS, LE/ LS, 100WS, ECS, ECW were done. The results showed that, in the case of mother seeds planted in field standing, 2 independent variables AA and WE/WS had significant effect at 1% level and their estimated coefficient were 0.00458011, 10.2569 and (b) amount calculated 0.2311. This model predicated %42 of field emergence. Direct and indirect effect relations were studied by Path analysis. The results indicated that, among characters and independent variables in 16 cultivars, AA with 0.558 had maximum correlation with FE. Its direct effect was 0.472 and showdsignificant effect at %1 level. It seemed that, this high correlation due to direct effect and other indirect effects did not showed significant effect and important rule. Correlation between EE and FE with 0.487 had significant difference at %1 level, but opposite to AA character, direct effect of EE was not the reason of this high correlation and indirect effects by AA with 0.271 were more important.

Coastal environment is a natural evolved ecosystem. It has been so damageble and sosenesitive to water pollution and climate area, two plants can pervail over these conditionswith interaction of several mechanisms and survive in this area.Several factors such as: strongly light of sun, rain, severe wind of coastal area, waves ofsea, water and soil pollution and salt spray of sea can effect the coastal ecosystem.In this research, these factors were studied on two plants of coastal zone, Cakilemaritima, Convolvulus persicus. How can these plant adapt themselves to their environment? Investigation on thesepsammophyte plants showed that plants had morphological and physiological changes tosurvive.Succulence shoot and leaves in Cakile maritima, hairy shoot and leaves in Convolvuluspersicus (in morphological structure) and increase of osmolic components such as proline inCakile maritima, solute carbohydrate in Cakile maritima (in leaves) and in Convolvuluspersicus (in rhizome), protien in Cakile maritima (in physiological structure) can adapt andtolerate to these factors.

Allelopathy is a phenomenone that according to it some of the plant species releasespecial chemical compounds and by this way inhibit germination and growth in other plants.Thus in 2006 and in research laboratory of the Islamic Azad University Gorgan branch theallelopathic effect of canola (Brassica napus L.cv Hyola 401) on catalase, peroxidase andnitrate reductase activity in shoot and root of wheat (monocotyledon) and soybean(dicotyledon) in Hoagland culture was studied. 4-day-old seedling of wheat (cv Kohdasht)and soybean (cv Gorgan 3) were treated by Hoagland culture (control) and Hoagland culture with aqueous extract of canola (treatment) based on completely randomized design during 8 days and analyses was done according to the use of Duncan test with 4 repetition..According to the results, aqueous extract of canola decreased catalase, peroxidase activity in soybean shoot and root while in wheat peroxidase activity in root decreased and catalase activity in shoot increased. Nitrate reductase activity in soybean shoot and root in presence of canola aqueous extract increased and in cotyledonds decreased while in wheat root increased significantly.

The use of medical plants back to 5000 years ago. Ardestan city that covers an area of11000 Sq.km is located in north-east of Isfahan province. Due to the difference inunevenness and locating in the neighborhood of "NAMAK" desert. The north and southparts of this area are different in climate. In the north, climate is hot and dry and the south is mountainous.The main aim of this study was to recognize the medical plants and give scientific nameto them. For this reason, plant species during fall and spring 1382-1383 were gathered.Then according to standard herbarium plant they were dried and recognized by usingreliable flora keys and determined medical plants. This study showed that 125 vascularplant species belonge to 110 genre and 43 families were medical plants (about 40 % plantcommunity).Statistical results indicated that most of the medical plants percentage related toAsteraceae, Papilionaceae, Lamiaceae & Brassicaceae. Some of the medical plants contentvery important drug compounds.

Chronosemium is one section of Trifolium genus which consists of 5 annual species (T.aureum, T. campestre, T. grandiflorum, T. micranthum, T. spadiceum) and 1 perennialspecies T.badium in Iran. There are more similarities between T.campestre and T.aureumspecially in their standard shape, length of calyx tube and color of corolla. Also the speciesT.badium and T.spadiceum have many similarities in characters such as standard shape andcolor of corolla so that morphological studies cannot solely separate and identify them.Seed characteristics of species were evaluated by Scanning Electron Microscope (S.E.M)and characteristics such as seed shape, color of seed surface ornamentation length of seed (E), width of seed (W), L/W ratio, hill shape were determined for each species in 3 samples as replicates. The longest length belonged to T.badium and the shortest length is devoted to T.aureum. Also the longest width belonged to T.badium and The shortest one is devoted to T.aureum the seed surface ornamentation for species in this section from tuberculate to rugulate and the color of seed is from yellow to brown are changeable by use of cluster analysis, PCA and FA the phenetic relationship of these species were studied. Finally the identification key based on seed characters was shown.

This research was done to determine the effect of the ecological condition on nutritionvalue of Atriplex canescense in phenological stages in Shahre-Rey and Qom areas. Sincethis plant has been planted for range development in vast areas, it is necessary to determine the effect of the ecological condition and phenological stages on nutrition values of Atriplex canescense. In this research the percent of protein, fat, dry matter and energy of A.canescense in phenological stages in Share-Rey and Qom areas was determined. The results showed that the change pattern of these factors was the same in these two areas. Although the amount of these factors in Shahre-Rey was more than Qom, F- test and Duncan s test showed there is no significant difference between these factors in these areas.

In order to evaluate the water deficit stress (w.d.s) and plant density (p.d) effect on confectionary sunflower (Ghalami kind), A split plot design was conducted as base of randomized complete block design with four replications in Agricultural research station of khoy in 2005. W.d.s treatment with three levels, as irrigation after 50, 100 and 150 mm of evaporation from pan, class a from 10 leaves stage and p.d as 2.5, 3.5, 4.5 and 5.5 plant/m2 that were in main and sub plots, respectively. The results showed that irrigation treatment had significant effect on phonological, morphological and agronomic characteristics of confectionary sunflower. By increasing the w.d.s rate, flowering period,seed filling period, growth duration, plant height, stem diameter, active leaf number, total seeds number per/head and m2, 100 seed weight, seed yield, harvest index and productivity effort decreased and increased percent of hallow seed number in head. P.d had significant effect on all traits too. As p.d increased, all phonological traits stem diameter, total seeds number per head and 100 seeds weight decreased and increased other mentioned traits. However by increasing of p.d, total seeds number per head decreased, but because of increasing of seeds number per m2, in spite of decreasing of 100 seeds weight, the seed yield was decreased. Stress and density interaction hadsignificant effect on all phonological traits, leaf number, percent of hallow seeds number in head, seed yield and harvest index. Because of importance of seed weight (seed size) along with more seed yield in confectionary sunflower, density of 4.5, 3.5 and 2.5 plant/m2 are suitable for irrigation levels after 50, 100 and 150 mm evaporation, respectively.