Modern Care Journal
Volume:7 Issue: 1, Mar 2010

Since Acute Myocardial Infarction (AMI) is an important cause of mortality and morbidity in developed and developing societies, as well as its significant difference of epidemiologic status in men and women, the current study was carried out to assess AMI in Birjand city within 10 years. In this descriptive-analytical study, we reviewed all the records in medical charts and administrative files of hospitalized patients due to AMI from 1994-2004 in Birjand. Data were collected through a devised questionnaire by two educated nurses and the supervision of a cardiologist. Then data were analyzed with SPSS software using t test and chi square (α=0.05). Out of 918 patients, 71.9% were male (M) and 28.1% were female (F). The women were older than men, a statistically significant estimate (mean age: 65.62±10.56 in female, 58.98±12.11 in male). Two risk factors were more common in women: hypertension (50% in F, 24.6% in M, P<0.001) and diabetes (17% in F, 9.8% in M, P=0.002). But smoking was higher in men (13.7% in M, 36.3% in M, P<0.001). In-hospital mortality was higher in women but not significantly. (10.4% in F, 8.6% in M, P=0.42). The mean of fasting blood sugar (FBS), cholesterol (Chol), triglyceride (TG), systolic blood pressure (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) were higher in women but only FBS, Chol and DBP were significantly higher than men (P<0.01). Women have worse prognosis than men after an AMI. This may be explained by older age and the higher incidence of diabetes, hyperlipidemia, and hypertension in women.

In recent years, there has been an increase in the trend for cesarean section. Due to surgical complications, financial costs and mother's long period of hospitalization, the normal way of delivery is suggested. Cesarean rate in Khorasan was estimated to be 28/1 in 1999, though the desired rate in the world was 15 per cent for 2000. This study was performed to define cesarean rate and causes and complications in Vali-e-Asr hospital in Birjand.

In this descriptive study, which cross-sectionally was carried out, 1500 pregnant women referring to Vali-e-Asr hospital were studied. A questionnaire in 4 portions was filled out at mothers’ bed, in delivery room, operation room, and women's ward. Data were analyzed by chi square test in SPSS software. (P<0.05)

From 1500 pregnant women in this study 895 (59.7%) had a normal delivery and 605 (40.3%) by Cesarean. There was a significant relationship between age, job, education level, number of pregnancies, previous delivery, live births, abortion number and the route of delivery (P<0.05). The comparison of mother's complications with delivery route was significant, but not for neonatal ones.

Cesarean choice rate is high and intervention programs are necessary to change women attitudes toward it and to increase the knowledge of painless delivery to reduce Cesarean.

Nurses engage in most duties related to client's treatment and recovery. Performing nursing care with high quality results patient satisfaction and help them for self-care. So this study conducted to determine the patient satisfaction of nursing care in medical-surgical wards of Birjand hospitals. In This descriptive study, 300 patients discharged from medical-surgical wards in research period by purposeful sampling. Patients were interviewed from 2 hours before discharging. Patient satisfaction of 5 roles of nurses were assessed by 3 item Likert scale In total score patients27.2% highly, 66% moderately and 6.8% mildly were satisfied. P.S. of different roles of nursing was: treatment role 11.6% mild, 48.8% moderate and 39.6% high; communication 5.2% mild, 52% moderate and 42.8% high; management 28% mild, 61.2% moderate and 10.8% high; educational role 27.2% mild, 58% moderate and 14.8% high and protective 21.2% mild, 53.6% moderate and 25.2% high. There was significant relationship between P.S. and age, sex, marital status, ward, job and type of insurance variables. Decreasing unnecessary works of nurses, increasing communication between client and nurse, and continuous education of nurses, make positive attitude toward nursing and reflecting to community, decrease hospitalization period and treatment costs.

Herniated disk is common among nurses, especially who are working in heavy and hazardous wards such as operation rooms, surgery, emergency wards and ICU. The present study was designed to determine prevalence of herniated lumbar disk among nurses working in two educational hospitals affiliated to Birjand University of Medical Sciences. This descriptive analyctical study was conducted in all nurses working in the two educational hospitals of the University of Medical Sciences. Data was collected by questionnaire that contained demographic information, Job experience, history of back pain, work shifts, symptoms of herniated lumbar disk and procedure of diagnosing herniated disk. After completing the questionnaires and evaluating them, those suspected to have herniated disk e.g. those suffering from back pain and who had the main signs of herniated disk were referred to a neurologist for final diagnosis. The data were analysed by chi-square test, t-test at α =0.05. Prevalence of herniated lumbar disk among nurses in these two hospitals was 12.1% and prevalence of back Pain was 73%. Mean age of those having herniated disk and those not having it were 39±7.6 and 33±8.4 respectively, there is a significant difference (P=0.01). The prevalence of herniated disk in nurses working in morning shift and those working in other shifts were 38.5% and 8% respectively, that there is significant difference (P<0.001). Prevalence of herniated disk in nurses with more than 15 years job experience (23%) and in those with less than 15 years (8.1%) showed significant difference (P=0.01). According to the findings Prevalence of herniated disk is higher among nurses working in morning shift, have more than 15 years experience, and those working in heavy and hazardous wards. In order to reduce the incidence of this disease, nursing administrative should pay attention to periodic rotation of nursing personnel, increase of nursing personnel in morning shift and training about the principles of proper body mechanic.

One of the most important health objectives in the first years of child’s life is to achieve a balanced and correct nutrition. This study has been done with the purpose of determining the knowledge and attitude of mothers about children nutritional behavior referring to urban health centers in Birjand. To enter this descriptive- analytical study, mothers with children under 5 who referred to Birjand urban health centers, have been selected. Through questionnaire the obtained data was analyzed by SPSS software, using chi-square test, ANOVA (one-way), Tukey statistical Test and Pierson correlation coefficient of the significant level (P<0.05). From whole 294 cases of mothers there was a significant difference in awareness and attitude of them according to their education levels. (P=0.002). 83.7% were aware about the required action to absorb iron. 65.6% were informed about the start time to consume iron drop. 82.7% were aware of minerals and beneficial vitamins and 64.6% about the complication of vitamin A deficiency. The mothers’ awareness of nutrimental behavior and their attitude had been evaluated in the average and good terms respectively. Considering the average level of knowledge and attitude of mothers about nutrition behavior in children, a need to retrain family physicians and the staff about the importance of nutritional behavior is felt.

Gastroenteritis is one of the major causes of children mortality and malnutrition in developing countries. According to World Health Organization a child dies e very six seconds throughout the world because of diarrhea. Repeated attacks of diarrhea, lead to nutritional disorder and growth pauses. The current study was accomplished to assess the epidemiology of gastroenteritis in children admitted to Pediatrics ward of Vali-e-Asr hospital in Birjand. Using census this descriptive study was done on children under 60 months who were admitted to Vali-e-Asr pediatric hospital with the diagnosis of gastroenteritis in 2002. Questionnaire was completed through interviews with the mother and hospital records. Data were analyzed in SPSS software Out of 314 children with diarrhea 6.58% were boys and 4.41% were girls, which 1.69% was born in the normal way. 36% of children had an electrolyte disorder with hypokalemia as the most common. 89.5% were treated by antibiotics and Ceftriaxone was the most common used drug. 48.7% of children had been breast fed in the first year of life, and 57.6% were finally discharged from the hospital with full recovery. In this study, the prevalence of underweight children is more than the mean of children in Birjand which could be a predisposing factor for gastroenteritis. Electrolyte disorders are important in children and by correcting them many mortality and complications can be avoided.

Evaluation of quality improvement and teaching system revision is effective step in quality development. The aim of the present study was to investigate the teaching skills in nursing and midwifery faculties from the professor's and student's point of view. In this Analytic descriptive Study, all of the members and students in the nursing faculty selected through census. A questionnaire was used to investigate the lesson plan, in-teaching skills, and complementary activities. Data were analyzed by descriptive, chi-square test, t-test at α=0.05 was confirmed by searching the relevant professors opinion and reliability was approve by a pilot study. Mean score in different items was method of teaching 30.31±6.82 conditions affected learning 47.44±8.56, communication skills 18.22±8.56, teaching rules 14.46±4.51, complementary activities 23.72±3.55, reassessment 7.15±3.28, and use of advance organizer 19.16±2.48. Between teaching rules with sex and Masters Degree was significant relation (P=0.01), also between personal characteristics and sex was significant relation (P=0.035) between relation skills and sex and age was significant relation (P=0.027). Complementary activities given to the students were lectures in 62.8%, taking notes in 96%, 84% group discussions, 52% study in library, 40% summary writing, and 35% collecting articles. Medical education centers need to make faculty members familiar with innovations in education. Professors also should try to coordinate their method of teaching with students needs and attempt to correct the deficiencies in their ways of teaching. The result of the evaluations help the professors to achieve their aims.

Pediculosis capitis, or head lice infestation, caused by Pediculus humanus capitis, is a worldwide public health concern that is particularly seen among primary school children. Pediculosis capitis is still a problem in different environments, in the US, where pediculosis capitis is the most prevalent parasitic infestation of children, 6 to 12 million people are affected every year. Head infestation affects not only the people of poor countries, but also in developed countries. Head lice infestation is reported at different prevalence in all provinces of our country. Therefore this survey was done to determine the prevalence of head lice infestation in Birjand in 2001 and to help the control of the disease in this area in east of Iran

This cross-sectional study was carried out in winter of 2001 to determine the prevalence of pediculosis capitis and some risk factors among school pupils of north and south geographic areas in Birjand. We selected 3046 pupils from schools by multistage, systematic random cluster sampling. Their hair, hat, scarf was examined for head louse or nit infestation. Demographic information questionnaire was filled out for positive cases and the results were analyzed by SPSS software.

Ninety one students (3%) were infected with head lice, 75 (82.4%) girls and 19 (17.6%) boys. 55 (%60.4) of infested students were in primary schools and 36 (%39.6) of them were in higher stages. The results showed significant variations in head lice infestation, and factors such as sex, level of education and north and south geographic areas (P<0.0001).

Higher prevalence of pediculosis is seen in low socioeconomic groups, female and primary school children in our region. It seems that health promotion, increase economic conditions and level of social education can lead to a reduction of head lice infestation rate in this group.