دو ماهنامه همای سلامت
سال هشتم شماره 3 (پیاپی 40، امرداد و شهریور 1390)

Reliable information on the causes of death is essential for the development of national and international health policies and for the prevention and control of the diseases and injuries. This study is performed to investigate the causes of death and their variations in Kashan. It is expected that by recognizing the principal and prevalent causes of death, the emphasis of the equipment and expenses moves towards removing these causes and health priorities and policies should be based on fighting against such causes. This study is retrospective, descriptive and cross-sectional and was conducted on 3911 death reports during 2004-7 in Kashan. Research data includes sex, age, habitat and disease which were gathered using the mortality software at research deputy department. Data was analyzed by descriptive methods using EXCEL software. Results showed that out of 3911 deceased, 58.2% were men and 41.8% women; 83% were city residents and 17% villagers; %69.4 were at the 65 years of age and more and %0.7 were in the range of 5-14years of age. The most common conventional causes of death were vascular diseases (38.5%), neoplasm (14%) and injuries resulting from external causes (10. 4%). Most mortality and morbidity rates depend on people’s life styles and environmental factors. By adopting a safe life style and securing the environment, the likelihood of morbidity and mortality and their costs could be reduced, and the quality of life can also be increased.

Work-related musculoskeletal disorders are the most important health problems in the developing and industrial countries. One of the main factors in musculoskeletal disorders is the awkward postures with computers at work. To prevent the WMSDs and to maintain the employees’ health, ergonomy is a useful approach to this. Ergonomy, makes it possible to arrange and adapt the environment, instruments and equipment of the office and home, according to one’s abilities and features. Since 1980s that the first PCs were sold to people, many jobs have been created relating to computers. If the safety principles are to be neglected, some of the disorders resulting from the non-stop working with computers will lead to high risks for the health and will cause mental and physical inconveniences in the long-term. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the health of the staff, to study the work consequences of computer users and also to study the quality of the equipment and the conditions of the work place. In this study, RULA (the method for fast evaluation of the risk of musculoskeletal disorders in the upper organs) was used. 50 computer users in the central office of Guilan University of medical sciences were evaluated. The equipment and the environment were analyzed as well. The results of RULA were analyzed using statistical tests. 46 cases (92%) had the RULA as 3to4 and 4 cases (8%) had the scores of 5to6. This shows the wrong seating of the users. No meaningful statistical relationship or difference were seen in gender; age; educational levels; job tenure (years); satisfaction with the workplace and the results of RULA method score, but a statistical relationship between BMI & long working hours (hour/day) and the results of RULA score were seen (P=0.01, P=0.026). Despite the beautiful design of the employees’ chairs, they were not following the standard. The seating, theirs heights and the status of the backs, the position of the monitors and the interference of the lights with the monitor screens were all the major examples of the inappropriateness of the equipment. Most of the pain and inconveniences were in the neck and shoulders (60%) and the Lumbago (26%) and the legs (24%), the back (24%) and finally then eyes (18%).

Osteoporosis is a disorder for old women that can easily cause bone fractures. But exercise in long-term is being known to reduce the risk of osteoporosis, especially in women. This study aims to investigate the effect of walking program on bone mass density which reduces bone loss and osteoporosis among girls. This is an intervening study in which 40 non-athlete females around the age of 22 were chosen. 20 of them were randomly chosen and divided into two groups: 10 thin girls and 10 obese. Pre and post tests for the two groups involved hip and spinal (L2- L4) bone mass density, body composition (weight, fat mass, fat mass percentage, lean mass) and blood parameters (serum calcium, phosphorous, estrogen). Experimental group performed an exercise program including 30 minutes walking with intensity of 50-75% of maximal heart rate and 3 sessions a week for the period of two months. The study findings showed that BMD in both areas in both group significantly increased (hip p=0.012, 1.1% spinal (L2-L4) p=0.037, 2.3%) after 2 months. Also, walking exercise had effects on all components of body composition in obese and thin girl's (p<0.05), but there were no significant changes in blood factors among the young girls (p>0.05). This investigation indicated that walking exercises even if in short term has great effects on increasing BMD and improving all components of body composition in young girls, therefore this study suggests that both thin and obese girls can highly reduce the risk of osteoporosis by increasing levels by increasing their daily activities.

It is necessary for higher education institutes and organizations to use financial analysis for boosting productivity and optimal human and capital resources allocation. This cross-sectional study was conducted to calculate training expenses per capita in two public health faculties of Qazvin University of medical sciences in 2008-2009.. The community research in this study was all of the educational groups in these two public health faculties of Qazvin University of medical sciences. Data was collected by information sheets using direct observation and interviews with the relevant staff. The cost centers are divided into 4 categories administrative, administrative- student, supportive and educational units. The findings show that the annual educational expenses per student in the health environments 194400529 Rls, professional health 12196607 Rls, public health 21951484 Rls, medical emergency 11481283 Rls, nursing of the operation room 13852267 Rls, anesthesia 12208699 Rls, medical laboratory 15937338 Rls, health care management 15320096 Rls and MPH was 14395964 Rls 62% of the total educational expenses were direct costs of educational groups and 38% of costs was the indirect ones. Student education in different disciplines is a costly issue. Determining standard indices to train the human resources and focusing on detecting the unnecessary costs and eliminating them is an important step to reduce the average costs.

The telemedicine technology has an interaction with many sciences and technologies. It has also much economical and social effect on society components. In order to have sustainable development and balanced use of technology, there should be attention on the orientation and the "Iran's 20 -year vision plan" objectives and the "Ministry of Health and medical education" goals. The aim of this study is to assess the effect of such technology on Iran's 20 -year vision plan objectives and "Ministry of Health and medical education goals from the view points of the experts. The method of this research was a descriptive survey. The data collection was done by the help of a library, document study and questionnaires including 2 parts about the effects of using telemedicine technology on "Iran's 20 -year vision plan" objectives and "Ministry of Health and medical education" goals. In this research, the sampling method was used. To analyze the data, the SPSS was used. The most capability of telemedicine in helping the government for realizing the objectives of "Iran's 20 -year vision plan" was in equity and social welfare, and the most capability of this technology in helping the health system is in providing a better access to health services. Telemedicine technology is effective and important for both "Iran's 20 -year vision plan" objectives and "Ministry of Health and medical education" goals. The Demands of government and Ministry of Health and Medical Education from telemedicine technology should be based on equity and social welfare and providing a better access to health services.

Despite the welfare and the speed they provide, the industrial developments and mass production of motor vehicles has increased the threats and the injuries caused by accidents in human societies. It is essential to apply various methods to increase the level of satisfaction in the health care centers. Since 2006, the government has followed the aid program for the road casualties (the article 92 in the fifth development plan). This is an applied study in the cross-sectional method. The data was collected from five health centers as sampling. The statistical society was all the road casualties taken to the hospitals of Isfahan University of medical sciences. A survey was conducted from all the administrative staff of these centers. Based on the results, the injured and the staff were both satisfied with this plan.

The Various and progressive needs of the society for which the health care system is responsible, makes the health sector reforms and developments inevitable around the world. Increasing the efficiency and effectiveness of health services, equity, sustainable financing and management improvement are the main objectives of health sector reform. In the USA, healthcare reform has been widely confirmed in the new government’s agenda and the main focus has set on the use of the new health information technology on the healthcare information management. The Government regards the main health information as a key to expand public healthcare coverage while improving quality and controlling costs. The health care information manifest has been proposed in seven items by the U.S. government. It claims to reach the pre-planned goals using the information technology. This is a review article and its data has been gathered from library review and valid web sites. The article is aimed at explaining the health care information position in the USA and the new health care reform based on the seven central focuses.

For each organization, its management is the most important factor among the other elements and has a particular interaction with the organization’s goals. Therefore, taking the managers’ skills into consideration has become a competitive criterion. Robert L. Katz has introduced three management skills: technical, human, and conceptual skills. This is a review article based on library resources to explain such skills. After an introduction on the managerial skills, these skills will be discussed and they will be studied in relation to the organization. Finally, these skills are discussed in health care organizations. Providing services in medical centers and health organizations is a complex and specialized task which needs professional management and these skills can be taught to the managers. This article attempts to improve the managers’ capabilities and to promote the quality of organization activities by explaining such skills.