فصلنامه پژوهش های تاریخی
سال سوم شماره 3 (پیاپی 11، پاییز 1390)

Lor tribe is one of the perennial and full-blooded tribes of Iran who are the settlers of expanded areas from west to the extreme southern plains of Zagross Mountains range. The ancient tribes such as Kases, Elamites, and Aryans lived in this territory. Lorestan was occupied by Aryans. From the fourth century Hejira, when the word “Lor” appeared in the historical texts by historians and in geographical texts by geographers for the first time, there were various and sometimes contradicting viewpoints over the racial origin of these two tribes. Among the historians’ and geographers’ knowing Lor tribe as Kurds prevailed. Although we cannot deny the racial and cultural unity of Lors and Kurds as both are Iranians and a great number of their population are the survivors of Iran’s ancient settlers, despite the united origin and frequent common elements, these two tribes have had an independent identity during the history, particularly from the Islamic era forward and were segregated as two main separate groups. Regarding the question “Is the Lor race a branch of the Kurd race” the attempt is made in this article to evaluate and examine the historic data through descriptive and analytic approaches by referring to library sources.

The expansion of the Islamic conquest and the presence of the Islamic army upon new territories faced new obstacles. The formation of the local resistance of the rural people of the newly conquered lands counted as the most important of the obstacles, in this case Maghrib where Kahina of Uras rebelled against Muslim conquerors. The objective here is to evaluate the 9 years conflict (73-81AH/692-700AD) between Kahina's and Muslims and present a precise image of her personality, then to answer the important questions regarding her involvement in the political activities that took place in Maghrib, and finally to evaluate the outcomes, and to state the reasons for the hardship and time spent on conquering Maghrib in comparison with easily concurred territories by Muslims in the same period.

The historical method with a sociological approach on the history is adopted in this study regarding the theoretical framework that contributed to the nature of discourse regarding the Iranian identity and the relation of Kurdish leaders and elite in the political arena in Safavied and Qajar dynasties. The attempt is made to analyze and compare the status and the function of the political figures of the Kurdish tribal leaders during the Safavid and Qajar eras. The most important finding here is the fact that there were no fundamental and earnest measures that would prevent the promotion of the aforesaid Kurdish officials in both the dynasties. The prevailing trend was that these leaders and elite were selected for higher ranks in the central government. Their contributions with respect to protection, strength and seeking to accomplish the national objectives cannot be ignored.

Ahmad b. Tayyib Sarakhsi, the pupil of the philosopher al Kindi, was one of the Pioneers in the Hellenistic Philosophy scholars among the Muslims. He was a well-learned scholar in the various scientific disciplines. Sarakhsi translated and extracted a great deal of Greek scientific-philosophical books and texts into Arabic language. Unfortunately none of his books are available to us. Some of his works relate to mathematical-descriptive global geography. One of them is his Diary about Djazira,al Sham and Palestine. Some portions of the Diary are scattered in the various Arabic source books. By the gathering the scattered parts some of the dairy could be reconstructed. In this manner we would have a new perception on the geography, regarding a portion of the Islamic world at the end of 9th century.

Lorestan province is located in the middle parts of Zagros Mountain Range in the west of Iran and has been the cradle of local governments among the tribes settled in this region in the second part of 12th century. This region was ruled by the representatives of non _ Arab Iraq leaders appointed by the Saljuqs and the court of Abbasids Caliphate before establishment of Khorshids dynasty. People and Lor tribes paid their taxes to the court of Caliphate in Bagdad. The formation of the local power of junior Lor Atabakan(Al- e - khorshid) in the center of Ghala Greet, Monagrh and Shahpoor – khast worried the court of Abbasids Caliphate in controlling one of the provinces located near the court of Abbasids in Bagdad during the last century of Abbasids Caliphate. This provoked the disputes between this government and the court of Abbasids caliphate from the first period of its governance till the year 1277. This unified Al- e- khorshid with Mongolians and this led to an upraise against the Emirs of the court of Abbasids Caliphate specially the last Caliph of Abbasids Caliphate, Al –Mostasamo bel Allah, and concurring Bagdad. In this article the narrations, the formation of Al- e-Khorshid’s power, the cause of their political behaviors with the court of Abbasids Caliphate, the function of junior Lor Atabakan’s dynasty during Mongolins attacks to Bagdad and the ultimate downfall of Abbasids Caliphate is evaluated.

The concept of Patrimonial-Bureaucratic in Max Weber's sociology is one of the important types of a traditional authority (domination). A Patrimonial-Bureaucratic political system which is a type of patrimonial system is based on two important principles: governance is private, and government administration is an extension of the ruler. The bureaucratic characteristics of these systems made them great and more superior. The Sasanid political system has been studied according to these definitions based on recorded history. It is believed that the Sasanid political system, from the time of the Shapur the second had a well-developed Patrimonial-Bureaucratic administrative system and a tradition of strong centralized rule under an absolute, semi divine king of kings. Khosro Anoushiravan’s contribution to Sasanid state was his reforms in developing, refining, and systemizing the elements of state organization he had. In this article, is tried to show the new light this reinterpretation sheds on such aspects of the political, administrative structure, and military system.

This paper launches a survey on the Gaznavid dynasty and lack of confidence and trust in their court and revealing the real reasons of this fact precisely among the elite. By conducting a close study on the relationships of this period, the oblique and slated atmosphere of Masoud’s era will be crystallized. Lack of trust, eavesdropping and spying, witching, dishonesty and lying are the common features of Masoud’s governing system. The most important reasons of this misgoverning are the corruption, and dishonesty, dictatorship and despotism in Masoud’s character. These factors promoted the economic and political downfall of the dynasty. The deep effect of this lacking of trust come to eyes early around of diffuseness and mischievousness and this behave damaged the coherence and unity of government.