پژوهشنامه تربیتی
پیاپی 4 (پاییز 1384)

This study is designed to collect data descriptively about non- academic reading tendency among the students of Azad Islamic University of Dorud. The population included 294 Students- 126 males and 168 females. Statistic software of SPSS was used as an analytical tool. The results showed that: 1) Students weren’t acquainted with book at satisfactory vote before attending University. 2) The students didn’t perceive their friends and peer group as enthusiastic book readers. 3) The trainer and lecturers efforts to encourage students to read non – academic books were successful. 4) For female students to be successful in life and marriage and for male students gaining employment and achievement were the most interested items. 5) The students suggested non- academic reading as enjoyable effort. 6) More than half of the population in this study said that they spent about one hour everyday to read non- academic books. 7) Training and learning are the main motivations for the students to read non-academic books. 8) They expressed that for them the non academic books were costly to buy. 9) They ranked non- academic reading as the fourth interesting things after watching TV, Artistic activities and peer group meetings.

Determining training requisites of the staff is the first step towards plan arrangement. In fact, it provides improvement and effective function for staff and if performed completely, it will present a concrete base for efficient planning procedure. It is more likely to be consistent base for efficient planning procedure. It is more likely to be consistent with organization requirements, occupations and skill training requisites of high level administrative staff, governors and their deputies in Golestan province as well as a training course for them. The term "skill" refers to trainable but not necessarily inborn abilities witch are reflected in the managers special tasks. Therefore the main pattern of skill is to perform an effective effort in a changing environment and it is based on the three acquirable skills of management. So management traits distinction is not required. It likely gives more efficient method of observation and perceive. This method is the result of direct observation and researches which have performed about management. The surveying method through questionnaire is used. The observational evident present training needs and management skill of 104 administrative staff governor, his deputies including heads of government offices and bank supervisors as well as 69 high and medium levels of management in Golestan province. Finally some functional suggestions are given.

Amount of academic researches performed is considered as one of important and reliable sings of knowledge generation attempt in the world. Scientific capabilities of any country are assessed as the criteria of its development. The improvement of this capabilities requires increasing knowledge generation. In this study, we refer to the three databases of social science citation Index, science citation Index and Arts humanities (Information science institute production) in order that we learn about the documentation of knowledge generation tendency in Iran. First, we examine the 1999 records. Then, we analyze Iran's contribution in various fields of knowledge generation in the humanities. Iran ranked 13 out of 16 countries which contributed in various branches of the humanities in 1981 – 2000 and produced 936 papers. Iran has 938 records (96.9%) in SCI data base and 505 records (52.1%) in basic sciences and 3.1% in the humanities, that least knowledge production in this field including 30 records in 12 subject matters of humanities and 56.6% in psychology and social psychology which shows the most knowledge generation.

The present study surveys the viewpoints of experts on ways of preparing financial resources in education. The roles of kinds of family, interaction of people in how to prepare financial resources in education are main questions of this research. The present study surveys the viewpoints of experts and parents on ways of preparing financial resources in education. The roles of kinds of family, interaction of people in how to prepare financial resources in education are main questions of this research. The population of the research consists of all financial and educational experts and parents of students in west Azerbaijan province. The statistical experts and 600 experts and 600 parents and 600 parents and were selected randomly for a classical method. The measurement instrument was a checklist for collecting of information from experts. The instrument consisting of information from experts and parents. The instrument consisting of 23 close ended items based on the likert five division scales and two open end question with a reliability estimated at 70% based on kronbachs alpha index at the preliminary stage. To analyze the research data, such descriptive statistical indicators as frequency, percentile and such inferential statistical indicators as chi-squared test were employed. The research methodology used in this research is descriptive and field study. The research methodology used in this research is descriptive and field study. The findings from point of view of experts indicated that highly diploma (chi=50/088), low number of children (chi=76/78) and highly income of parents (chi= 19/77) affecting on the rate of helping in education. Mean while the results of this research revealed that special duty and indirect taxes effected in preparing of financial resources.

A look to the advanced countries has shown all of them had an efficient educational system. One of the features of such a system is the rate of the student's academic achievement. The purpose of this study was the identification of factors which have effects on the student's academic achievement. Statistical universe included boy students of public governmental high schools of Tehran in 2002-2003 who consisted of 135000 persons. Samples were taken in 1200 persons multiple clusters from five regions of Tehran. Method of research was causal- comparative and correlation. Data collection was done by five measurement instruments or questionnaires and average number of the students. Statistical tests such as T- test, ANOVA, pos hoc tukey, correlation and multivariate regression were done by SPSS software. Results of 14 hypotheses examined were as below: a significant relationship between Anxiety and external attribution style with academic achievement and no relationship between student's attitudes to the teacher, neither Student's understanding of the importance of education in the society, with academic achievement was showed. The remaining 10 hypotheses had a significant positive relation between the factors and academic achievement. Regression test results revealed the student's attitude To the education was the best predictor for academic achievement (R=0.21) and after that, parents attitude and student's self- esteem were with positive effect 0.24 and 0.25, respectively. Student's attitude to the teacher was with negative effect (R=0.26). Key Words: Academic achievement, Achievement motive, Anxiety, Control resource, Family socio-economic status, Self – esteem, Welfareness.

The complex and post – modern world of The Third millennium forced governments to face with so many crises. In order to treat with these crises and also for future, ICT is regarded as a powerful factor to conquer the limitations of time and place. Nowadays, ICT applications covered all dimensions of life and at the same time with other sections, significant transitions in higher education institutions were created. One of these transitions is trying to apply ICT in Islamic Azad University which have not had any try in this field of Knowledge so far and with regarding ICT developments, it is necessary to provide a framework for adoption of this technology in Islamic Azad University management. The purpose of this research is providing such framework. For this aim with significant study in theoretical foundations and research background, eleven main components of ICT application were identified and concluded passing seven processes. This research was conducted with descriptive – traversal method and the sample included heads of universities, assistants, managers of different sections, managers of university departments and higher education experts(n=61). After Analyzing data with SPSS software, results which were found from research literature were as follow: (A)university program(curricula), (B) ICT infrastructure (C) organizational support infrastructure (D) ICT application in learning and technology (E) instruction, research and development (F) ICT application in research (G) ICT application in scientific information and e-libraries (H) ICT application in administration and management of the universities (I) legal and cultural components (L) legislative component. ICT application process, include seven steps as: (1) preparation, (2) entrance, (3) adoption, (4) correspondence, (5) making ICT to be convenient, (6) innovation, (7) evaluation reflection and re-engineering. Results showed that the components and proposed processes were confirmed by the universities managers and higher education experts. It should be noted that based on the reforming ideas of respondents two additional components (legal and cultural, legislative infrastructures) were added to proposed framework.