Modern Care Journal
Volume:9 Issue: 1, Mar 2012

Nursing is one of the tensest jobs and one of the outcomes of job tension is burnout.It has devastating effects on patient care, nurse's physical and mental health; and health care costs. Since "self efficacy", according to theoretical principles, presents a procedure which can be applied by ealth caretakers in health programs to improve health, the present study aimed at determining increasing the management of tension in nurses. In this clinical trial study, 100 full-time female nurses in Mashhad hospitals, who had an Associate's degree or a higher one, were selected through randomized staging. Then; they were randomly divided into a control and a case group. In order to gather data, Osipow standard nursing tension questionnaire and General self efficacy scale were used. Educational intervention was made during eight 1.5 hour sessions and follow-up was done 3 and 6 months later. The obtained data was analyzed by means of SPSS software, Mann-Whitney test, Friedman test, and Wilcoxon test; and P<0.05 was taken as the significant level. The experimental and control groups didn’t significantly differ in job stress and self efficacy before the intervention. But, after intervention, stress management behavior and self efficacy were increased significantly in the experimental group, while the control group had not undergone significant changes (P<0.001). Findings of the study somehow approve many of earlier studies regarding the close relationship between perceived self-efficacy and job tension management. Therefore; this fact can be stuck to in interventions aiming at gaining better efficacy.

In patients candidate for cesarean section one of anesthesia methods such as spinal or general is selected. There are many drugs for spinal anesthesia. The aim of the present study was to compare a combination of meperidine 5% + lidocaine 5% with single lidocaine 5% for spinal anesthesia in non emergency cesarean patients. This clinical trial double blind study was done on fifty full-term pregnant women,with the physical status I or II, presenting for non-emergency cesarean selection under spinal anesthesia who were randomly divided into two equal groups. Fifteen minutes before entering the operating room, all patients received 10 mg IV metoclopramide. In patients of the first group a combination of meperidine 5% and lidocaine 5% and for the second group hyperboric lidocaine 5% was administered. Variables such as period of analgesia, hemodynamic changes, nausea, vomiting, etc. were measured. The obtained data was analysed by means of SPSS software, t-test, and 􀁆2 at the significant level P<0.05. The results of the present study incidence of hypotension was lower in the meperidine + lidocaine group than in lidocaine group. The mean duration of postoperative analgesia was 342.5±18.5 minutes in the meperidine+lidocaine group and 131.6±15 minutes in mere lidocaine group (P=0.001). The results of the present study showed that by adding pethidine to lidocaine it is possible to lengthen the period of postoperative analgesia and prevent hypotension, as well.

Nursing team members are responsible for direct and continuous care related to pressure sore and treatment. In order that nursing achieves quality care, nurse's performance need to be based on the best scientific evidence. The present study aimed at assessing the effect of education on knowledge and performance of nurses in prevention and control of pressure sore In this semi-excremental study, all nurses and patients in internal, neurology, intensive care unit, and orthopedic wards of Shahrood Imam Hossain hospital were assessed. Intervention covered two instructional sessions in the domains of preventing and curing of pressure ulcer. Information regarding nurse's knowledge in two stages-i.e. before instruction and one month after instruction- was gathered by means of a demographic questionnaire and a questionnaire derived from the guide Agency Health Care and Policy Research; and the information about ulcer recovery was gathered on the basis of the measure Pressure Ulcer Scale for Healing. Finally, the obtained data was analysed by means of SPSS (version 14), Wilcoxon test, paired t-test, Mann-Whitney, independent t, and Kruskal- wallis. Many of participants in the study were women (74%) and 77% of them had a BSc in nursing. For all nurses, in both domains of prevention and care, post-instruction grades increase was significant. Only in over-forty year samples and those with an over ten-year work-record instruction did not have a significant effect and a significant difference was not observed in the obtained grades. Incidence of pressure ulcer was 4.45% before instruction, which decreased to 3.08% after standard care instruction (P<0.001). Results indicated that nurse's knowledge of pressure ulcer care and cure is less than the average in strategic care of pressure ulcer. It is suggested that curriculum content be organized and strategic instruction be applied in nursing faculties in order to prevent and cure pressure ulcer.

Life quality is a criterion of social and physical function as well as mental health and is considered as one of the most important factors and characteristics of health. Life quality and blood sugar metabolism control are two important indexes in diabetes treatment. The present study was done to compare the quality of life in diabetic and non-diabetic patients.

In this descriptive analytical study, 100 type 2 diabetics aged 20 yrs were selected through systematic randomized sampling out of the patients referring to Vali-e-Asr hospital clinic and their quality of life was compared with that of 100 non-diabetics (controls) who were matched with the cases regarding demographic variables by means of SF36 quality of life questionnaire. The obtained data was analysed by means of SPSS statistical software (version 15) and statistical tests c 2, Mann-Whitney, and Kruskal-wallis at the significant level P<0.05. Result s: There were no meaningful statistical differences between demographic variables in the case and the control groups. Diabetic patient's quality of life was significantly lower in all aspects than that of non-diabetics. Women's quality of life was better than men's in both groups (P<0.05). Single's life quality was better than that of the married ones (P<0.05). Quality of life worsened in diabetics with increase in age (P<0.001).

Planning for treating interventions and more accurate and perfect care in order to manage diabetes and its complications, in a better way, to promote diabetic patients quality of life is proposed.

Domestic violence is the most common form of violence against women in the world with the greatest social, psychological, and economic consequences. The aim of the present study was to determine the rate of prevalence and demographical dimensions of domestic violence against women. The present descriptive-analytical study was conducted on 414 employed women and housewives in Birjand who were selected through multi-stage and simple-non-probabilistic method. It was found that 42.3% of the subjects believed that they had suffered domestic violence. According to 45.7% of the the women the violence was verbal, and the most common reasons for violence were: "the laws being biased in favor of men", and "family education". 79.4% of the total domestic violence was committed by husbands. There was a significant relationship between age of marriage and physical violence. Besides, there was a significant relationship between domestic violence and women's jobs and between domestic violence and men's jobs and polygamy. Regarding the high rate of prevalence of domestic violence against women it is suggested that instructional courses on life skills be held and spouses get informed about men's and women's rights. Moreover, it is recommended that women's rights should be respected by the community for the advantage of families, especially new young couples. In addition, it is necessary that by promoting communicative skills women be supported.

Obesity is a major health concern that is prevalent in women. Obesity and overweight affect physical and psychological well-being. The aim of the present study was to determine correlation between body mass index, body image, and depression among women referring to health clinic of Hazrat-e-Ali hospital in Karaj in 2009. This was a descriptive- correlational study conducted on 200 women referring to the health clinic of Hazrat-e-Ali hospital in Karaj in 2009, who were selected through convenience sampling, and then, assessed. Necessary information was collected by means of demographic data form, a multi - dimensional body self -image questionnaire evaluation (MBSRQ-AE), body shape questionnaire and (CES-D) center for epidemiologic studies depression scale. The obtained data was analyzed by SPSS software using descriptive statistics, t-test, ANOVA, and coefficient Pearson's correlation at the significant level P<0.05. The findings indicated that mean body mass index was 25.6 ± 3.8, mean score of body image was 118.2 ± 12.5, body dissatisfaction 72.9 ± 33.1 and mean depression was 17.6 ± 11.6. Overweight was diagnosed in 45.5% of women, moderate body image was observed in 32.5%, 29% of the women expressed mild body dissatisfaction and 31.5% suffered mild to moderate depression. There was a significant negative correlation between body mass index with score of body image (P=0.002) and a positive correlation with body dissatisfaction (P<0.001) and score of depression (P=0.002). There was a negative correlation between score of depression and body image (P=0.038) and a positive correlation with body dissatisfaction (P=0.002). The present study showed that overweight and obesity in women leads to a negative body image and increases body dissatisfaction and depression.

Academic evaluation is one of the strategies applied for the enhancement of teaching conditions. Student-based evaluation is one of the most common kinds of evaluation. The current study is aimed at the identification of important criteria of academic evaluation from the viewpoint of medical school students. This is a descriptive, cross-sectional study. The society consists of all the students of Birjand medical school in the academic year 2009-2010 (n=200), according to the census carried out in this regard). The assessment tool was a researcher-made questionnaire that consists of 55 questions in 6 fields of teaching skills, personal characteristics, communicational skills, evaluation skills, clinical skills, and also observing rules and principles. The data were analyzed by SPSS software using descriptive-analytic statistics. In the category of teaching skills the highest priority in evaluating professors was reported for verbal skills and the ability to get the lessons through (88.5%). In the category of personal characteristics, being well-dressed and polite (58.5%), in the category of communicational skills, fairness to all (68.5%), in the category of considering rules and principles, delivering comprehensive pamphlets for related studying materials and observing start and end time of the classes (34%), and in the category of evaluation skills, the suitability of academic evaluation for studying materials (48.5%) had the highest priorities. Moreover, there was a significant relationship between the gender of students and the personal characteristics of professors and was significant relationship between the degree with category of evaluation skills (P<0.05). Although students can well realize the most important criteria of academic evaluation, they don’t prioritize all characteristics that make a professor scientifically qualified for his profession. This can reduce the validity and reliability of academic evaluation.

People with hearing impairment experience more limitations in communication and social interactions than hearing individuals. The present study was designed to compare social interaction of hearing- impaired adolescents at mutual schools with that of those studying in schools for the abnormal. In this cross-sectional study, a stratified sample of 79 students (40 mutual students, 39 segregated ones) were recruited out of 12-18 year old hearing-impaired adolescents who were studying in secondary and high schools in Tehran city. Half of had mild or moderate hearing loss and the other half had severe or profound hearing loss. Using a self-designed questionnaire, consisting of 19 questions (adapted from social and emotional domains of ‘Adolescents Hearing-related Quality of life Scale’) the adolescents were questioned about their problems in social interaction. Mann-Whitney test and t-test were used to compare social interaction scores of students in segregated schools and mutual setting in general, and regarding severity of hearing loss; based on normality test results. It was found that at mutual settings ‘total social interaction scores’ and ‘interaction with friends Scores’ of adolescents with mild and moderate hearing loss were better than the scores of those studying in segregated settings (P=0.05). Conversely, at segregated settings ‘social interactions scores’ of adolescents with severe and profound hearing loss were better than the scores of those studying in mutual settings (P=0.05). Short term effects of mainstreaming on social interaction of students with mild to moderate hearing loss and severe to profound hearing loss seems to be different. Thus, this finding should be taken into account in school appointing for hearing impaired adolescents.