مجله اقتصاد و توسعه منطقه ای
پیاپی 2 (پاییز و زمستان 1390)

By using cross-section data which gathered through a survey research in Mashhad, contingent valuation approach and Tobit model this study tries to determine economical value of air pollution and effective factors on WTP. Based on contingent valuation approach, air pollution total value of airpollution in high-polluted region equals 7134146560 Rials per month and in middle-polluted region equals 5242428950 Rials per month. Therefore according to citizens’ opinion percent improving Mashhad air pollution state equals 12376575510 Rials per month. Also Results of investigating effective factors on willingness to pay (WTP) by estimating one-stage tobit model showed that education level, household income, having car, age, kind of settlement region and having children are effective factors on willingness to pay.

The expansion of Financ system expanding in a country is one of the main determinant factors of foreign investment. Flow and the system is affected by essential factors such as political constancy. Political risks of each country is evaluated by political system figuration, its constancy, policies constancy and regular rules existence for political competition. This constancy is the most important requirement for doing the international economic transactionsas well. Most of economists believe that high political risk is an important preventive for expanding the finance system and consequently foreign investment attraction. In this paper, the effect of political risks on finance system expansion and foreign direct investment in the countries in 2001-2007 is studiedby panel data method. The Obtained results indicate that finance system exponsion up to threshold level leads to foreign investment, but this relation becomes vice versa from ther point to growth the next. Also reverse effect of political risks on foreign investment attraction and finance system expanding is observed in D-8 countries. In addition, objections repression, irresponsibility, violence and political inconstancy, regular burden and irregularity are the most important factors of political risks.

This article seeks to investigate the effect of trading policies on economic growth in number of developing countries via comparison of in-ward and out-ward oriented trade policies effects. To achieve this, a pooling data analysis, panel data regression and fixed effect module were applied to justify the fact that trade liberalization has a positive impact on economic growth rate in mentioned countries and trade restriction will slow down the race of economic growth. This comparison was carried out through countries classified into two major groups of in-ward and out-wards oriented trade policies and following four subgroups: 1. countries with trade policy quite out-ward oriented, 2. countries with trade policy moderately out-ward oriented, 3. The policy states moderately in-ward oriented and eventually 4. Countries with completely in-ward oriented trade policy. The results vividly demonstrate the countries with out-ward oriented policy have developed better than the countries with in-ward oriented policy. On the other hand, among the countries with out-ward oriented trade policy, those that have adopted moderately out-ward oriented trade policy have experienced better results.

A great proportion of non-oil export in Iran is related to Tile and Ceramic Industry. So because of its main role in job creation, this industry is one of important industries in Iran. In the recent years inefficiency in this industry caused an increase in expenses and a decrease in products quality and caused supply surplus crisis and a reduction in sales. Therefore in this paper, the performance of tile and ceramic company in Meybod in the years of 1386 and 1387 has been evaluated. For this end we use one of non-parametric frontier techniques which name is data envelopment analysis. Results indicate that between 10 companies, only 4 companies, Maryam, Sadaf, Narin and Bastan, have technical and scale efficiency in two years. Investigating productivity growth trendby using Malmquist index shows that, in the year 1387 only Bastan Company hold its productivity in specific level and others experience a decrease in productivity trend. Decomposing this index shows that all the companies except Bastan has a recession in technology frontier. Therefore an optimal strategy for these companies is to focus on modern technology translation and technologic innovations.

Nowadays In order to increase productive capacity special attention needs to be paid to industry and increase of investment In this sector. In this paper it has been tried to present an analytical and scientific frame work of industrial structure in Kermanshah province and while recognition of prior industries, the priority of industrial investment in this province will be determined. and it will create suitable condition for industrial development. The finding shows that non metallic mineral industries and production of coke –oil refineries and power generating machineries earn the highest level of profit, moveover, Food and Drink industries, chemical products have the highest level of employment and non- metallic mineral industries refineries and power generating machineries and paper products have got the highest priority for industrial investment in this province.

This study investigates the relationship between energy consumption and economic growth in a panel of 75 selected developed and developing countries from 1970 to 2008. To that end, different panel unit root tests, panel cointegration and pooled least square are used. Results indicate the existence of Co integration relationship between economic growth and energy consumption in the long run both in developed and in developing countries. However, the co integrating vectors are not the same. Also, in the period of investigation, the developed countries have had a higher level of energy consumption than developing countries; but the long run effects of energy consumption on economic growth in developing countries have been greater than that in developed countries.

Decentralization is a process in which local affairs are administrated by local authorities outside of activities of the central government. Today, decentralization policy is considered as one of the ways that most countries adopted to improve public sector performance. In this paper using geometric analysis, innovation that this paper represents, an econometric model is considered to evaluate the effects of the decentralization policy on economic growth. The model is consistent with economic, political and social circumstances in Iran. This model investigates the effects of decentralization policy of the Third development plan on economic growth via estimatingappropriate indicators. Estimation results reveal the fact that an increase in decentralization indicator has a positive effect on national economic growth despite the inappropriate distribution of powers among different provinces of the country.