Journal of Advanced Biomedical Sciences
Volume:2 Issue: 1, 2012

Invasive Aspergillosis is a fatal infection in immunocompromised patients. The aim of this study was to evaluate the interaction of infectious with Aspergillus and tumor on immune response and cytokine network in Aspergillus infected tumor-bearing mice. Mice were implanted by sterile pieces of mouse mammary tumor and then infected by Aspergillus conidia by IV injection. Control groups mice were infected with Aspergillus conidia and/or implanted by sterile funga pieces of mouse mammary tumor. Seven days after Aspergillus infection, cytokine production of extracted splenocytes was analyzed by ELISA method. Tumor bearing mice which were infected with Aspergillus conidia showed remarkable increase in IL-4 production. Conversely, the levels of IFN-γ and IL-10 were decreased and TNF-α was increased moderately. Conclution: Probably, Aspergillus infection could change cytokine production from CD4+ T helper cells and acquired immunity of tumor bearing mice. This point may be considered for better management of Aspergillus-infected patients suffering from cancer.

Introduction & The vast use of microwave ovens in today's modern life and possible exposure of users to radiation exited from the oven lead us to investigate the effect of this radiation on sex hormones. In the present study, the effect of microwave ovens radiation leakage on concentration of LH, FSH and testosterone hormones has been investigated. Thirteen immature two weeks- old male mice which weighing about 10 grams were used in this experimental study. Animals were randomly divided into 3 groups. Each group contained 10 mice. Experimental group 1 and 2 were exposed to microwave oven 30 and 90 minutes daily for 30 days, respectively. The control group received no radiation. Animals were anaesthetized and serum samples were stored. The concentration of testosterone, FSH and LH hormones were measured by RAI method. The serum testosterone levels showed significant decrease in experimental group 2. But levels of LH and FSH indicate no significant different in experimental group 1 and 2 when compared to control group. Our results suggest that radiation leakage of microwave ovens might causes dysfunction in the levels of testosterone hormone secretion.

Transfer of food born diseases is a common problem in hygiene and public health. The bacteria are the most important factors of food contamination and intoxications. The aim of this study is to determine the bacterial contamination of food supply in the west of Tehran supermarkets.

In this descriptive cross-sectional study, 642 samples of foods were taken randomly from west of Tehran supermarkets. The levels of bacterial contamination of the foods were assessed in the department of food and drug microbiology of lab, affiliated to Iran University of medical science.

Salads were the most (50%) and protein products (6.36%) the least rate in terms of mesophilic bacteria contamination. Also, sweets (13.46%) and protein products (1.73%) in terms of Coliforms. Salads (58.33%) and dairy products (9.84%) with respect to Escherichia coli, sweets (4.81%) and salads (0%) in terms of Staphylococcus aureus, sweets (4.81%) and dairy products (0.39%) with respect to Bacillus cereus, were the most and least contaminated foods, respectively.

In overall, salads had the most contamination percentage with respect to mesophilic bacteria, Escherichia coli and Enterococcus (P. According to our study, we conclude that training of dealers and food suppliers are necessary and healthy principals should be followed. Also supervision on food packing and storage should be considered to prevent food microbial contamination.

Molecular typing is an important tool in surveillance and outbreak investigations of human Salmonella infections. In this study, Subtyping of Salmonella Paratyphi B and C isolates derived from Iranian patients was carried out by RAPD-PCR to assess the extent of genetic diversity of these isolates. Fourteen Salmonella isolates including 6 strains of Salmonella paratyphi B and 8 strains of Salmonella paratyphi C were characterized using RAPD-PCR. Two arbitrary primers, namely OPP-16 and P1254 were used for RAPD analysis and the dendrograms were constructed with NTsys 2.0 computer software. Both primers showed high discriminatory power in differentiating of the related strains of Salmonella. The dendrograms constructed based on RAPD-PCR profiles (with both primers) involving 14 salmonella strains revealed 4 distinct patterns, indicating that these isolates are genetically heterogeneous. Furthermore, a good correlation was not observed between the serotype and the molecular profiles obtained from RAPD data of the Salmonella isolates. The findings of the present study verify the usefulness of RAPD-PCR in characterizing and comparing strains of Salmonella Paratyphi B and C.

Intervention of educational training in order to prevent the leishmaniasis in endemic areas seems necessary. This study was implemented with the aim of assessing the effectiveness of education based on BASNEF Model program in promotion of preventive behavior of leishmaniasis among Health workers and families under the coverage of Health centers. An intervention study was carried out in rural health centers during 2009. Questionnaires were completed by 20 health- workers of two rural health centers. Also 20 families under the coverage of this health centers were randomly selected to complete the questionnaire. Then four training sessions for health workers and 2 training sessions for the influential individuals were conducted to increase the enabling factors and solving their problems, weekly meetings was held with health workers representatives. After three months of health workers training the data were collected again and analyzed via Chi- Square, T Independent, T pair, Regression and Mann- Whitney statistics. The mean score for to knowledge, attitude, behavior intension, enabling factors and health workers behaviors significantly increased after educational intervention in experimental group and influential individuals. The mean scores for knowledge, attitude, behavior intension, enabling factors and the behavior of attendant families under coverage also increased significantly. Educational program of BASNEF Model, leads to behavior change of health workers and eventually their training behavior leads to preventive actions in families under coverage.

Cervical cancer is the second prevalent women cancer in the world. This cancer is found preventable because of having the prolong time before the appearance, its complications and the available proper screening program and possibility of the primary lesion treatment. Since the Health Belief Model is one of the applicable praxeology model in health education to prevent and control of diseases. Therefore, this study was aimed to determine the Health Belief Model components in adopting preventive behaviors in cervical cancer in women. This descriptive-analytical study was carried out on 213 married 20-65 year-old women selected by a two-stage sampling method. The data was collected by a valid and reliable questionnaire and interview. This questionnaire based on health belief model correlation (components Perceived Susceptibility and Severity, Perceived Barriers and Benefits, Self-efficacy) with behavior survey. The data were analyzed by using descriptive statistics and Mann-Whhitney test, Kruskal-wallis test, and Regression by SPSS software. The mean age of the study group was 40.6 ± 12.1. The results show that 32.5% of them had at least one time examined for Pap smear test out of which only 7.9% of them had this test on a regular interval. Only 12% of them had an adequate knowledge about the cervical cancer and its preventive measure. 90% of them had inappropriate behavior. The average score of knowledge was 6.73± 2.97 which considered as moderate. Regression analysis showed the knowledge (P=0.009), job (P=0.005), perceived barriers (P<0.001) and perceived severity (P=0.036) determine as predictors in the final behavior. Perceived barriers and knowledge behind the strongest predictor of behavior. Educational programs are recommended based on the health belief model with emphasis on reducing barriers and increasing awareness to improve behavior.

The immune system of Patients with Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS) is weekend because of Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection, and they become vulnerable to several opportunistic and non-opportunistic pathogens and different carcinomas. IV drug abuse, sexual contact, occupational transmission, blood transfusion and maternal-fetal transmission are well known transmission routes for HIV infection. This study was under taken to investigate the prevalence of HIV transmission routs in the HIV infected population of Sirjan, and their knowledge about the disease, in order to plan better preventive strategies. A cross sectional study was planned. During a 6-month period in 2010, all of the HIV infected people in Sirjan (old and new cases) who had a file at the consultation center for high risk behavior, completed a valid and reliable questionnaire. The definite route of transmission was not clear in any of the patients because they had more than one suspicious route. Injected drug abusers were the most common (88.4%) followed by those who got tattoos (79.1%), invasive therapeutic procedures, dentistry, surgery and endoscopy (56.1%), high risk sexual behavior (62.8%), bloodletting (9.3%), injuries in the barbershop (9.3%) and blood transfusion (2.3%). All of the HIV infected cases in Sirjan were involved with several high risk behaviors, but the major route of transmission, similar to other parts of the country was injected drug abuse. Educational programs for prevention of AIDS should be followed seriously and special attention should be paid to groups with multiple high risk behaviors.

Added to the achievement of the 21st century, human life longevity has been increased. Elders should be supported. Aging may cause various problems such as decrease the abilities and high risk conditions. Age increase is not a disease; it is a normal change of life that affects everybody. In this study elderly needs were assessed and the physical, social and spiritual aspects of their life were evaluated to assess the quality of life (QOL) and related factors in elderly population in Bushehr. This descriptive–analytical study was carried out on 360 elders (male and female) in Bushehr. Method of sampling was cluster random sampling. Two questionnaires consist of demographic data and SF-36 questionnaire were used to assess QOL. Data were collected through client interview and analyzed by SPSS 13 software program. Results showed that mean scores of physical and mental health aspects of Bushehr's elderly people is less than 50. So, the physical and mental health aspects of quality of life related to economic status, employment, chronic illness, educational levels, insurance service, and owning the house were significantly (p<0.001) correlated. However, there were no significant relation with sex, daily activity, life condition were observed. We conclude that a suitable plan and program should be considered by the director & managers to improve the life quality of elderly people.