فصلنامه پژوهش های تاریخی
سال چهارم شماره 1 (پیاپی 13، بهار 1391)

The democratic party of Fars as a branch of the democratic party of Iran in Quajar era was established by Heydar khan Amoo oughli and Mirza Ghasem khan (Asef-ol-Molk) who went from Tehran to Shiraz province in March 1911. This party faced many problems as being the first political party، even in Fars. Four periods constitute the duration of this party. The first period lasted from its est. data up to the occupation of Bushehr by British forces in 1915. The second period coincided with the establishment of the Independence Keepers committee by some of the Gendarmerie top officials and the cooperation of the Democratic party sector that were against foreign invasion، (this committee operated from 1915 to 1918). The third period began after Abd-ol-Hossein Mirza Farmanfarma was appointed as the governor of Fars، and this period Lasted 3-4 months in 1918. The fourth period coincided with the establishment of the Democratic party of east by Sheikh Abdo-Rassol Nayyer Shirazi beginning on 1918، ending on 1923 AD. In this study، the first period of this party’s function will be investigated. This study seeks some answers to the following questions: How were the Democratic party of Fars formed and which factors were effective in its emergence? What was its function at the beginning? And، how did this party expand in the southern parts of the country and registered branches in Boazjun and Bandar Abbas?

Ziarid Mardāwidj is known، as outstanding personage in tenth century، who comes up with the Idea of reviving the Sassanian kingdom. He has been accused of promoting the return of religion and kingdom of Iran back to Sasanian period، by Abbasian Caliphate courts historians. Despite many contradictory remarks، it is not clear، what were the motives which compelled Mardāwidj to think of such an attempt. The objective of this article is to investigate little existing data، in an explanatory-analytic method and find the possible reasons for such a conduct by Mardawij. Here it is found that، in the final five months of his reign، Mardāwidj began to oppose the Caliphate although he had a close connection with Abbassian Caliphate، similar to other Istilā amirs. Then، as a manner of acquisition of legitimacy، he introduced the idea of revival of Sassanid kingdom، in order to compensate for the loss of his political legitimacy.

Shams Al-Din Mohammad Isfahani was a Persian character in the jurisdiction of the Seljuk of Rum state. After entering the court of this government during a period that lasted almost thirty years (1237-1267 A. D) including the reign of Sultan Izzaldin Kaykavus I to Sultan Izzaldin Kaykavus II he was able to register significant progress in the government. He was given some posts in the court such as supervisor of the kitchen، special secretary (Tughraei) of sultan، high military ranking (Amir)، assistant (Naib) of sultan and finally minister. In all these diversified posts he tries his best and contributes to the socio-political aspects of that state. This article introduces this Persian character and then analysis his conduct in the given period.

Iranian Zaydyies historiography، evolved in parallel to the uprising of Zaydy Imams. This type of historiography is character-driven where theological perspectives to the past are dominant، influenced by Iraqid and Hejaz schools. In Yahya ibn Hussein-e-Rossi era a change in Yemeni Zaydieh historiography led to a deviation of Iranian Zaydieh historiography to biography style. This type of historiography was linked to theological discussions، focused on the events of Zaydy Imams era after their leadership (Imamat). The style of this journalism which is formed by classification and biography lead to a kind of ethnicity in historiography based on superiority of Zaydy Imams indicating the denial of other sects including Shiite. Accordingly، the theological currents and discontinuity in recording the historical events are the mere evident features of Zaydyeh’s historiography by classification. In this era Iranian Zaydies contributed to the historical revitalization of Yemen Zaydies by supplying them with essential literature.

Ahmad Ibne Abi Eshagh Ibne Vazeh Yaqoobe Esfahani Mesri (deceased، 805 A. D) can be named the father and the master of Islamic geography and international historiography. His religious tendency and extensive knowledge in history، geography، poetry، astronomy، botany and social sciences has made him one of the outstanding Islamic and Shiite scientists. The evidences gathered in this work apparently for the first time provide for a deep understanding of the less recognized dimensions of his stance on religion and tradition، his status in politics، history، and scientific works. The resignation of Yaqobi dynasty from the centre of eastern Caliphate and their settlement in Africa can be regarded as one of the reasons that the regional historians neglected Yagobi. In his book entitled «History and cities» numerous evidences could be found that he has been an authentic Shiite. In his book «Alboldan» he has referred to some of his own characteristics and own works. Ibne Yonos Mesri، Masodi، and Abu Omar Kendi are the three historians that in tenth century A. D have referred to his works. Hemavi، in the thirteenth century has cited parts of Yaghobi’s works in his unique book “Majmaldaba”.

New groups of independent forces were created by Chinese- Mongols bureaucracy In the Mongol era. These groups played key roles in Ilkhanid and Teimurid period endeavors. These forces are called “Gharaonas’’ in Persian sources. In this research، we attempt to reveal the quality and the identity of socio – political life of the “Gharaonas’’ especially its branch that inhabited in the outskirts of the Ilkhanied territories near Baghdad. For distinguishing between two sectors of Gharaonas forces، the Iraqui and the Khorasani activities and their traditional differences are investigated. We can find the influence of the Iraqui Gharaonas during many of local events in Ilkhanid era in Iran. Their presence in local struggles is of importance. In Herat they are presented as Negoderians who were at the local rulers’ intellectual service. The traces of their activities are found in Teimuri era as well Teimurid period.

The important request of oppositions was the establishment of Edalatkhaneh in “Mohajerat – e- soghra”، but no historian or researcher has conducted any study about the reflective nature and concept of Edalatkhaneh. This issue is one of the vague issues of Mashrooteh era. What Edalatkhaneh (House of justice) is and what its conceptual interpretations are is discussed in this article. Edalatkhaneh was neither the judicial system or order nor the National Congress، it was merely formed to improve the reformed constitution in Iran. The constituents were agents of people from different classes and guilds. Edalatkhaneh had its own inner regulation based on the Islamic order. These commissions were established all over Iran with a central office in Ministry of Justice.