مجله پژوهش های روان شناسی بالینی و مشاوره
سال دوم شماره 1 (بهار و تابستان 1391)

The aim of the present study was to investigate the effectiveness of emotionally focused couple therapy in increasing marital intimacy. The research procedure was quasi experimental using mixed subjects design (3*2). The statistical population were couples who entered one of the counseling centers because of intimacy problems and marital conflict. Sample group consisted of 32 subjects (16 couples) that were selected by convenience random sampling method and randomly allocated into experimental and control groups. The measurement tool was the Intimacy questionnaire. The Experimental group participated in 12 sessions of emotionally focused couple therapy. To examine the research hypothesis, statistical analysis of variance test with repeated measures was used. The results indicated emotionally focused couple therapy increased couples’s (emotional,intellectual, sexual, physical, relational, social, recreational, psychological, spiritual and general) intimacy.

The aim of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of cognitive- behavioral group intervention on self-esteem, depression and attribution styles in college students. The design of the study was experimental with experimental and control groups. The subject's scores were below the cut-off point on Coopersmith test and then they were divided randomly into the groups. The tests used in this study were The Coopersmith test, Beck Depression Inventory and the Attributional Style Test that subjects completed at pre-test and post-test stages. The experimental group received ten sessions of CBT; subjects in the control group received the same sessions after the termination of the experiment. The data were transferred to the SPSS program and analyzed. All study hypotheses were supported. The results indicated that there were significant differences between the experimental and control groups at the three assessment points. Furthermore, significant differences between the pre-test and post-test stages were found for the experimental group. CBT was effective for the enhancement of self-esteem, reducing depression and changing attributional styles in college students.

In this study the relationship among perfectionism, defense styles and depression symptoms was studied. Participants were 426 undergraduate students from the University of Guilan (264 females, 162 males), who were selected through randomized clustering multistage method. All participants were asked to complete the Multidimensional Perfectionism Scale (Hewitt & Flett, 1991), the Defense Styles Questionnaire (Andrews et al., 1993), and the Beck Depression Inventory (Beck et al,1996). The results showed that there Were positive and significant correlations between the three dimensions of perfectionism (self-oriented, other-oriented, socially prescribed) and depression symptoms and maladaptive defense styles (neurotic and immature). In addition, the immature defense style showed a positive significant correlation with depression symptoms. The results of regression analysis indicated that four out of six predictor variables (socially prescribed & self-oriented perfectionism, mature & immature defense style) show significant coefficients, predicting the student's depression symptoms. Furthermore, hierarchical regression analysis revealed that the immature defense style for both socially prescribed and other-oriented perfectionism in relation to the depression symptoms has a moderational effect and mature defense style moderates the relationship between socially prescribed perfectionism and the depression symptoms.

The aim of this study was to examine the effect of relaxation training on anxiety and academic achievement in adolescents. By this mean,40girl students of second grade of middle school in Tehran were selected using random cluster sampling and screening in anxiety by completing Zoong anxiety self-reporting questionnaire (1970) and divided into two tests and control groups by random assignment. Then, the test group (one hour sessions and 3 sessions in per week) were taught relaxation training through 12 educational sessions and it is noteworthy that no education was given to control group. Upon completion of educational sessions both test and control groups were tested again with Zoong anxiety self-reporting questionnaire. To examine the participant's academic achievement, the grade point average (GPA(of the first term for pre- test and GPA of the second term for post- test were taken into account. The results of a MANCOVA showed that relaxation training reduced anxiety and increased academic achievement (p

Comorbidity of mental disorders and substance abuse has significant effect in treatment of persons with substance dependency. This research is aimed to determine the frequency of mental disorders in substance abusers. In cross-sectional descriptive design, 643 people were selected using convenience random sampling among patients with substance dependency that were undergoing treatment in addiction treatment centers of Semnan State in 1389 and completed The Demographical Questionnaire and The MMPI Short Form (71 items) Scale. The data was analyzed by Chi Square and Cochran's Q test. Findings showed that 89% of persons with substance dependency at least have one elevated clinical scale. In terms of highest elevation, common elevated clinical scales are Schizophrenia (47%), Hypochondrias (19%) and Psychasthenia (10%). Also, according to 65>T scores, common elevated clinical scales for persons with substance dependency are Schizophrenia (74%), psychasthenia (56%) and Hypochondrias (41%). Moreover, in terms of 2 or 3 point codes, common elevated clinical scales related to code 167 with derivations (18%) and code 467 with derivations (16%). It is concluded that mental disorders have important role in onset, maintenance and relapse of substance abuse and careful attention should be paid to clinical patterns accompanied with substance abuse in prevention and tailoring effective treatment.

Introduction. Previous research has led to conflicting findings on whether patients with subclinical or clinical Obsessive Compulsive Disorder (OCD) share an attentional bias for stimulies that are related to their current concerns, a finding that has been observed in other anxiety disorders. Objectives. The present study aimed to determine whether there was a difference in attentional bias for an OCD-related stimuli between individuals with and without OCD. Participants. 30 OCD patients (Mean age = 24; SD = 4.45) were compared with 30 healthy controls (Mean age = 24.66; SD = 2.24) on their performance on an emotional Stroop paradigm. Results. Compared with the controls, OCD patients showed attentional bias for OCD-related stimulus. Conclusion. The results suggested that OCD individuals have problems in ignoring stimulies that are related to their pathology. The bias may play an important role in the etiology and treatment of OCD.

This study had examined the effect of Brief Empathic Psychotherapy in decreasing Anxiety and Depression among university students with respect to their attachment styles. As a result we accumulated a sample of 20 students recognized as depressed and anxious by filling DASS(Depression & Anxiety inventory).These students also filled the Hazan & Shaver attachment questioner and sampling continued until we gathered 10 students in avoidant attachment group and 10 in ambivalent attachment group. Both groups received therapy (12 sessions, once every week and individually). Finally data was analyzed by ANCOVA & MANCOVA tests, and results proved that this therapy could affect anxiety and depression but the effectiveness of respecting the role of attachment styles was not proved. In summery the results have shown that Brief Empathic Psychotherapy decreased anxiety & depression in both group of avoidant and ambivalence attachment styles.

This study was conducted to determine the influence of training self differentiation on increasing the rate of adjustment in girl students in divorced families. The experiment procedure was experimental design (design of pretest and posttest with control group). The research samples were all the daughters of divorced couples who studied in high school and were chosen from the 7th educational borough of Tehran. In a way that one school among all of the schools in the 7th educational borough of Tehran was chosen through random sampling. Then the names of the daughters of the divorced families were listed and among them 16 girl students were randomly selected (6 persons in first class and 5 persons in second class and 5 persons in third class). All of them answered "sing & sina" adjustment inventory. Therapy interventions were performed during 10 meetings of 45 minutes length (2 meetings per week). We used covariance test for analyzing the data. The results showed that the education of self differentiation has a influence on increasing the rate of adjustment in children of divorced families with coefficient of %95. According to the results of this research, education of self-differentiation is suggested to counselors and psychotherapies as a useful method for maladjustment therapy in adolescents.

The main objective of the study was to develop and validate a questionnaire to measure entrepreneurial behavior. Statistical population (n = 1497) of the research were all humanities graduate students at the Science and Research Branch of Islamic Azad University, Tehran in 2011, of whom 500 individuals were selected and completed a researcher compiled entrepreneurial behavior questionnaire. The content validity, construct validity, and criterion validity of the questionnaire were calculated by experts in the field. Cronbach’s Alpha coefficient, a measure of internal consistency, was 0.90 for the entire questionnaire and larger than 0.7 for each of the subscales.

This study was carried out to examine the image of God among students at Ferdowsi University. a sample of 455 students (randomly selected), answered image of God (Lawrence, 1997), self concept Rogers (1951) and general self-efficacy (military and Associates, 1996). Data was analyzed using Pearson, Spearman and Eta coefficient and chi-square test. Psychometric properties of the Image of God test were confirmed. A significant relationship was found between image of God and self-efficacy and self-concept. The results showed that there is no significant relationship between the image of God and age, education level, gender, marital status, economic status, and praying. The results showed that the image of God is in a mutual relationship with self-concept and self-coefficacy.

The purpose of this research was to examine the relationship between secure-insecure attachment styles and cognitive distortions. To this end, 403 students from Ferdowsi University of Mashhad were selected using a random clustering procedure, and completed the Collins and Read (1990) Attachment Styles Questionnaire and Becham, Leber, Watkins, Boyer, and Cook’d (1986) Cognitive Triad Inventory (CTI). The results of Pearson’s correlation and homogeneity analysis showed a positive correlation between insecure-anxious attachment style and negative CTI. There was also a negative correlation between secure attachment and negative CTI. Male and female students did not differ from each other in terms of their attachment styles and views toward self, but they were different in terms of their view to future and world/ others. Insecure-anxious attachment style was positively correlated with negative view of self, world/others and future. Therefore, it is likely that secure attachment style, is related with effective cognitions and insecure attachment style is related with ineffective cognitions, affecting intepersonal communication, academic achievement, mental health, and the quality of life at the university.