مجله رهیافت های سیاسی و بین المللی
سال سوم شماره 2 (پیاپی 28، زمستان 1390)

One of the variables which challenges the position of the states,and makes them to consider International Structure in the Foreign Policy decision making, is the situation imposed on them by the new structure of International Political Economy. Therefore,theoreticians of Political Economy and International Relations,with regarding the current trends in the international system,have named the 21st century, the century of Geo-Economics.That is because of the fact that they believe the most important global challenge in this century is a competition for energy resources; moreover, the problem of energy security will be the most important Political Economy Paradigm in this century. Considering the aforementioned issues, this dissertation will investigate the relationship between new structure of International Political Economy variable and Iran’s position in the field of Energy Transition. Using macro analysis level of international system structure as over approach, as well as Structural Realism Theory, this article attempts to explain causally the assumed relationship.

In recent time, study about the role and importance of informational and communicational technologies in social pattern, has become a central issue in social and political studies. So, many of scientists predict that, many of Simi Democratic Governments confront with challenge in political culture and political socialization and pattern of political mobilization. On the basis of critical and structural opportunities theory, writer focused on the study of Simi Democratic Countries in some of developing countries in South East zone. In this article, essential questions are how new informational and communicational opportunities, provide new structural opportunities for emerging a new social and political movement? How these opportunities helped to political action in this region. However, article writings in political sociology context, methodological approaches are pluralistic (positivist and post positivist) and data was gathering on the basis of documentary, and secondary data was analyzing on the basis of sociological analysis.

This article examines and explains the relationship between the end of war and political trust in general. Indeed, the main question is that how the end of war as independent variable, affects the political trust as dependent variable. Based on the findings of the case study of Iran-Iraq war, the examining hypothesis is that under certain conditions,the end of war in spite of victory, does not increase and consolidate political trust; while, defeat in the war, necessarily does not cause political distrust at the social level.

The United Nations is the largest and the most powerful international institution resulted from the rise and development of international relations in the mid of 20th century, continuously expanding not only its scope of the activities and responsibilities, but its power and authority as well. However, the study of the process of drafting the UN Charter and its activity and structure, shows that the organization needs critical content and structural reforms to achieve its objectives and goals enshrined in the Charter and even its founders, the same victorious powers in the Second World War, have indulged concessions that prevent Charter from its goals and ideals.This article tries to use a combining approach of legal and political, to explore not only the goals and ideals mentioned in the Charter, but also the motives behind the drafting of the UN Charter and the interests of the founding members of the UN, during its formation and reforms hereafter to achieve the goals of the participants hoping to analyze some critical reforms needed for achieving the goals of the organization.

Culture is a key variable in understanding of global politics and international relations’ arena, which is usually ignored by realism as dominant approach. But Gramscianist thinkers have prepared a broad field to encompass culture in global politics and international relations by theorizing the concept of “Hegemony”. This article brings up this main question that what is the relationship between culture and hegemony? And through studying the ideas of Gramsci and his followers, offers this hypothesis that there is a direct relation between Culture and Hegemony and in opposite of common perception that wrongly assume Hegemony as a coercive dominance, hegemony is a kind of dominance based on satisfaction and the ability of cultural and ideological leading of societies. So, legitimacy and cultural acceptability of superpowers have got more importance rather than military and economic power to guarantee their global superiority. In consequence, culture can implement hegemony and is a necessary factor for an actor to play a hegemonic role in global stage. Finally, this article offers some guidelines for policy making in Islamic Republic of Iran according to Gramscian teachings.

Terrorism is not only a threat to all societies, but also an attack on values that define the international community – the rule of law, respect to human rights, protection of civilians, and the peaceful resolution of conflicts. With its shared experience, UN has played a significant role in assisting countries for building up their capacities to prevent terrorism. Through a general review, this article describes the continuing and widening efforts of the United Nations, particularly the General Assembly, to promote a fully international response to terrorism,including the conclusion of certain important international conventions.During the past three decades, member states have advanced their counter-terrorism work through the General Assembly on both, the legal and the operational tracks. The Assembly’s norm-setting work has been marked by recent successes in adopting international conventions aimed at suppressing terrorism financing, bombings and access to nuclear material.At first, the evolution of UN literature concerning the measures for combating the terrorism has been reviewed, then we have discussed in details the various items of the five international conventions ofcounter terrorism.The conventions as:- 1973. Convention On The Prevention And Punishment Of Crimes Against Internationally Protected Persons - 1979. International Convention Against The Taking Of Hostages - 1997. International Convention For The Suppression Of Terrorist Bombings - 1999. International Convention For The Suppression Of The Financing Of Terrorism - 2005. International Convention For The Suppression Of Acts Of Nuclear Terrorism As conclusion, a progressive development of the UN efforts,could be stated regarding the combating the terrorism.

This article, tries to answer to this question that which possible scenarios can solve the crisis of Kashmir and what is their impact on involved players in this crisis?The importance of this question is due to the Kashmir’s durable crisis and up until now, there have raised different scenarios to solve it, but all of them were inconclusive, because of involved players’ disagreement on those scenarios.In this study that is based on analysis – description method, seven possible scenarios are presented to solve Kashmir’s crisis: 1- maintaining current situation 2- joining Kashmir to Pakistan 3- joining Kashmir to India 4- independent Kashmir 5- a smaller independent Kashmir 6- independent Kashmir valley 7- Chenab formula. As mentioned above, each one of these scenarios has different consequences for involved players of Kashmir’s crisis. Offenses raised from these consequences are the main barriers to implement these scenarios.