مجله توسعه تکنولوژی صنعتی
پیاپی 10 (بهار و تابستان 1385)

Various definition of culture and a relatively different definition of technology comparing other customary definitions are presented in this paper. The main components of culture that have an essential role in the cultural development of a nation will be discussed in more details. How technology as a part of culture is attracted، created and developed in the overall process of cultural development will be explained from this viewpoint. Using this approach this will be claimed that the technology transfer process must be studied in the context of the transfer of culture. In the last part of this paper some solutions for developing countries are presented and discussed in brief.

Industries comprise the major economic sectors of a country. By satisfying the economic needs، they have an effective and sensible role in empowering the society in the process of development and perfection. The fundamental role of industries in achieving the development goals for Iran''s society will demand specific requirement for strategic planning and policy making in the development programs. On this basis، the strategies of a religious society are different from other materialist societies for its overall framework will be determined by the religious values، perspectives and knowledge. In this regard our country needs a model and pattern for determining the correct situation of the strategy of industrial development of the nation consistent with value structure that governs the society. To achieve this goal، it is necessary to conduct research on investigation and analysis of the country''s industrial situation in the past three decades to understand the main causes of economic and industrial difficulties and providing a long-term perspective of transfer gradient in a transient era.

In today''s situation، it is difficult to forecast the far future based on the strategic planning. Unexpected events like a tsunami will destroy the foundations of policies and long term strategies. Because of these conditions the organizations will face to a fundamental contradiction: at one hand، the strategic planning is necessary. For without the long-term strategies there will be no room for optimum management of resources and investments. At the other hand، the foundations of strategies and long-term planning are also unstable، because the long term forecasts does not have sufficient credibility for a 20، 30، 50 or a longer period. It is irrational to overthrow the strategic planning. Thus we must find a way to resolve this contradiction. Robust planning can afford a solution for this major problem. Based on this type of planning we can plan for a very long horizon، even for the next 100 years، the tsunami of changes could not break down the foundation of these long term strategies. Strategic planning for the long term horizons in the domain of science and technology gains a doubled importance، for investment in these areas will yield its benefits very late. If the policies and strategies of the country or its sensitive industrial organizations would be vulnerable in this area، or in the other word would not be robust، the future of the country will be in serious danger.

The increasing spread of technology in human life has brought with it various types of pollution in the environment and destroyed its balance and proportionality. There is no logical attention to the category of environment and its relation to the advancement and development of technology in Iran. At the same time it is reasonable to assume that the basis for sustainable economic growth and development lies in conservation of natural resources and the environment. There are some different strategies in our country for unsustainable development that will cause non-uniform development and extra waste of resources. In general، without comprehensive and accurate planning، industrializing and industrial growth will have unpleasant and irreparable consequences. In this paper the different dimensions of technology development، advantages and harmful effects of technology and technology development in European countries were discussed firstly and then، the use of environmental management systems was introduced. For one of the common regulations in European Union is the Environmental Impact Assessment regulations، an explanation of these regulations and the guidelines of wastes economy and international protocols seems necessary. At last، the effects of environmental initiatives and other problems of the environment of Iran will be reviewed briefly.

What is Technology? How is the relation between man and technology and what are their mutual interactions? There are numerous definitions and explanations for the above questions. According to the common conceptions، technology is equivalent to the instruments made by human and that the technology advancements could lead us to the «utopia»، but it appears that we now are in a ruin world or «dystopia». In contrary to the old and popular conception، technology may not be merely a tool. As some expand the concept of technology in different areas such as thinking، the process of accomplishment، the conclusion of impacts and the results، some also assume an essence for it that is different from the technology itself. According to some of the philosophers، technology has a neutral value and depending on how we use it، it acquires different values. This means that these philosophers don''t believe an essential value for the technology and they involve only the subjective factors in valuing the impacts of technology. On the other hand، some consider an essential value for the technology and associate some disadvantages and defects to its essence. In this paper we will try to give the definitions of technology from different viewpoints and identify its characteristics and specifications based on the viewpoints of Abdolkarim Soroush and Jacques Ellul.

The design of structures of organizations has become a critical problem in today''s business. Without consideration of necessary variables and structural dimensions، this may lead to undesirable conclusions. In Iran what has the most influence in the design of structure، is the mechanical thinking in engineering، regarding coordination and control by automation. However، from a literature review we can deduce that even the applied sciences need more criteria for measurement and evaluation in proportion to organizational structure. Therefore، the benefits from involving the parameter of technology in the design of organizational structure of corporations would increase the productivity and efficiency of them and could play a significant role in the economy of the country. The main goal of this report is an investigation of the impacts of technology on the organizational structure of corporations and offering some applied suggestions based on the obtained results. Considering the mail goal of the research and the general model describing the effects of necessary، conceptual and adjusting parameters on organizational dimensions، the overall result of this research is determined based on a regression analysis of the situation of organization in dynamic and non-dynamic spectrum.