مجله توسعه تکنولوژی صنعتی
پیاپی 8 (پاییز 1384)

The first part of this article already presented (in quarterly no. 7)، was devoted to the study of the past state of technology and the recognition of its elements، there، the technology from Islamic point of view، the effective factors of scientific and technology retardation in Islamic societies، the necessity of reforming the motion path by using the knowledge of scientific rules and returning to our Islamic self، were discussed. Also، different definitions of science and technology، technology transfer and development management، different types and components of technology، technology life cycle were studied، and the strong and weak points، infrastructures and the necessary steps needed for technology growth and development، were specified. In this part، the strategic designing of knowledge and technology development discussed، and a pattern is represented for strategic planning within the framework of Islamic values and believes. The objective، strategies، and policy makings are compiled and performed after environmental and contained study of knowledge and technology development and its analysis within the system of values. Therefore، the strategic plan of knowledge and technology requires the performance of the five steps below: • Specifying the system of Islamic values and believes considering Holy Quran، prophet''s and Shiite Imams'' movement، and historical experiences. • The study and analysis of knowledge and technology inside and outside of the country• Determining the objectives، strategies، and policy makings within the framework of Islamic system of values and believes. • Performing the compiled strategies and policy makings. • Supervising and controlling the exact performance of knowledge and technology development.

In this article، the general concept of development، in a broad sense economic، political، cultural، and technology development، is used. From Iranian thinkers'' points of views، two assumptions can be generally observed in this respect: Specific development is merely realized after its general concept (technology development، for example) There are not only connections but harmony among different aspects of development. Different stand points about development in Iran can be divided into three groups، at a general glance: 1. Foundation- Oriented view: In this، thinking and cultural bases of development are valid compared with their manifestation، and there is a generative connection between the bases and manifestations of the development. 2. Production- Oriented this view: Firstly، the product can and development is interpreted positively in view and secondly that product and should be obtained، adapted، extended and deepened mainly by decision- oriented considerations. 3. Separation- Oriented view: This view neither thinks merely of development product nor considers generative connection between bases and their manifestations. But it separates the base and the aim of development from each other، and economic from political development; or it considers the development from science nature، and science in modernism as a privileged component too.

Having proceeded to the three different approaches of technology development in this article، the connection among development، technology development and religious believes are studied from different points of views: The first view underlines human independent rationality، and assumes the religion as a development hindrance. The religious، in the second view، is taken as a divine command and transcendent approach whose presence in social arenas is not desirable. Both of these views، therefore، do not consider any role for religion in development and subsequently in technology development. They are scrutinized in every respect in the article. It is believed، in the third view، that neither separation nor disagreement is there between religion and technology، and the reconciliation of them is not an easy task. In this view، a sustainable، balanced، multilateral and religion-based development should be obtained. In this article، the appearance of these views is studied from point of philosophy of history and historical evolution، concluding the religion authority over the development dignities. In continuation of the subject، the development of nationality based on religion is taken as a necessity for development، and underlines the evolutional development based on faith. At the end، each of the three stands points about the technology development is presented specifically، and by dividing the technology three levels، the access to the tools of science production is considered necessary، as the deepest layer of technology.

This article proceeds to the introduction of a new field named the philosophy of technology. The four main chapters of this field which are technology essence، knowledge recognition of technological knowledge، technology and society interaction، and finally ethics and technology، have been introduced in brief. Also some of the strategic and political consequences of this field are mentioned in the proposed subjects individually.

Though، the attention and importance attached to the subject of technology strategy is increasing day by day، but more attention is paid to its methodization and formulation rather than its execution and implementation. Paying attention to the execution problems of technology strategy and to the crucial matter of the possible ways of preventing on reducing the hindrances and the problems of technology strategy and to the crucial matter of the possible ways of preventing on reducing the hindrances and the problems of implementation is the aim of this article. About the compilation methods of technology strategy and its formulation patterns، there have been different views in recent decade and traditionally a special concentration over the manner of methodization has been made too، later it was found.

The last achievement of the word community on the way of releasing from underdevelopment and upgrading the development at the national، regional and world level، is the development based on knowledge and wisdom; it has attracted the attention of the country policy makers and planners at huge level in the form of the twenty- year perspective and the fourth development plan. By giving priority to the (implicit and explicit) academic institutions of development and the economy resulted from، this kind of development underlines the synergy of academic and nonacademic institutions. Paying attention to the strong and common value bases of human community based on the self organizing theory and through the integration of science، technology and ethics، is the main point in designing and performing this development. Also، the developed countries look on the entrepreneur university as the main core and strong hand in realizing this kind of development. This university is the outcome of a few hundred years of university changes، and also of the combination of education، fundamental research، applied research، and technology development effects in order to realize the continuous technologic innovation، the effective performance، and the efficiency of national (world) innovation system. Wealth، fair welfare، sustainable employment، and upgrading the physical and psychological level of work setting، environment، and life environment are brought about by continuous creation and development of value-based knowledge. To realize and upgrade the entrepreneur university processingly and performingly، the most important social، cultural and economic role is the effective connection among industry، university and the government. By transferring most of the state roles to industry and university، these two would be the most important institutions in establishing and developing the entrepreneur university، the national innovation system، and finally the knowledge- based development. It is hoped this article which is the combination of a university research، PhD dissertation and scientific industrial experiences would be useful as a step towards the realization of the twenty-year country perspective.