پژوهش نامه اخلاق
پیاپی 16 (تابستان 1391)

The effect of the culture of modernism on contemporary human`s life has made some to agree with inapplicability of some of the ethical teachings. In an opposite place, an unreasonable view of piety has led some to prevent themselves from God`s gifts and put themselves and their household in hardness. This paper, criticizing the principles of modernism and giving a reasonable meaning on piety, has proved piety to be applicable in all fields of human life.

In Islamic theological system there can be found a view supporting innate abilities directing him toward Divinity. This view has known human nature with an innate tendency to knowledge, specially to knowledge on God. This kind of knowledge affect human ethical states. This paper has argued the view as a standard for ethical action and proposition.

Farabi puts those citizens of charity in three classes: the restrainer for the self, the chaste and the virtuous. For him, the classes differ with regard to their manner of producing charity. Though the restrainer for the self based on Inner integrity, legal or religious obligation and self-motivation should be of mor reward, educating the virtuous who do charity easily is necessary for attaining a happy society. In the paper, the goodness of virtuousness and Islamic dress code is explained to be right with regard to inner and outer aspects of person both.

Egoism is considered as one of the common ethical trends. On egoism, one should act in such a manner that provides the most charities and utilties. Egoism appears in two fields of ethics and psychology. These two types of egoism differ in some aspects and resemble in some others. In this paper, two fields of egoism have been studied with a critic-analytical approach. Further, the proof by love to the self as one proving egoism has been surveyed with regard to Islamic philosophy.

The relationship between boys and girls in university is regarded as a new and sensitive interdisciplinary problem. This paper, giving a description of the university climate in our country by a field study method and measuring the views and religious beliefs of the students, has studied the problem. As is understood by the study, there has been a considerable point of view among students with regard to opposite gender; their religious beliefs, however, were known to be moderate. Furthermore, three current views in the field including compulsion, integration and equilibrium or clearly current, has been described. As is understood, the last view, regardless of its failures, is in more agreement with Islamic teachings. Therefore, an attempt has been made to support the view with decreasing the relationship between boys and girls and to suggest some applicable approaches like controlling and regulating sexual instinct by self-possession, marriage and teaching.

This paper has studied the pathology of human soul on the basis of Molla Sadra`s view. As is understood from him, the degree of existence in every thing requires its appropriate degree of knowledge. Such being the case, man in relation to Absolute existence is characterized with the poverty and weakness of existence and, consequently, with that of knowledge. Lack of knowledge, therefore, can be known as a cause of damage in human being. Six categories have been distinguished in the paper as fundamental components of the pathology of human soul to attain mental peace and existential equilibrium. The categories consist of: existential journey of the soul unto intellction, the relationship of the self to self, the relationship of the self to the origion of existence, the relationship of the self to the universe, the relationship of the self to other people.