مجله میکروب شناسی مواد غذایی
سال چهارم شماره 11 (بهار 1391)

Salmonellas are the short bacteria, gram negative, without capsule, facultative aerobic and anaerobic. They have high resistance against physical and chemical factors. Salmonella causes white bacillus diarrhea in Avian. It`s transferring in Avian by vertical and horizontal. In human, it causes food poisoning too. The egg is the most important source of salmonella. The native eggs have been collected and transferred to the lab for studying the contamination of them. These eggs are collected from the Fasa (Iran). In this research the pattern of drug resistance of bacteria is studied. The shell of eggs is purified with Ethanol 80%, and then the contents of five eggs are mixed in a dish and are incubated with soap in Selenite-F. After 24 hour incubation at 37ºc the sample of Selenite-F was transferred to salmonella spp. and after incubation at 37ºc was analyzed in the terms of suspected colonies to Salmonella.The suspected colonies were inoculated into lysine decarboxylase broth and TSI agar environment. The bacteria which have reactions were related to salmonella, and they were analyzed by the PCR test, with special primer for salmonella spp. such as S.Enteritidis and S.Typhimurium. The results of this study indicated that the eight samples of mixed Ten (at least 5% of eggs) were contaminated with salmonella of serotype S.Enteritidis. Among the separated Salmonellas 90.3 % were resist to Ampicillin, 15.5% to Tetracycline, and 41.9% to Kanamycin, but all of them were sensitive to Norfloxacin in this anti biotic resistance test.

In the following research, we have studied a new product based on milk banana and cinnamon. In order to find the effect of various doses of cinnamon (0, 0.2, 0.4 %, 0.6 %) on Lactobacillus acidophilus and Bifidobacterium bifidum growth in the first phase milk banana cinnamon and second phase yoghurt banana cinnamon, The samples were tested for their acidity pH, serial duration and taste, the day after. All the products were tested every 5 days, in a period of 10days. The cinnamon addition in various densities didn’t decrease the probiotic microbes, but it increased their activity. The best bacteria for producing were Bifidobacterium bifidum and 0.4% sample of cinnamon in probiotic milk banana had the highest score in tasting evaluation. According to SPSS software results, there was a significant difference in all samples (p<0.05). In serial duration in all products, microbes were 1010 in each gram. We should consider that in a probiotic food the amount of bacteria needed for each gram is 107 in each gram. The amount of the bacteria was by Log3 higher than the standard limit. The indissolubility was 10 days.

In this study Bacillus subtilis wass used to control streptococcosis caused by Streptococcus iniae in rainbow trout. The experience was carried out in 2 groups (control and treatment) and 3 replicates. In control group, probiotic was not applied in diet and in test groups, Bacillus subtilis was administered in feed at a concentration of 107 cells per gram. In the day of forty five, 0.1 ml intraperitoneally injection of S. iniae with 2×107 cells ml-1 dosage was done for both of groups and were checked for the rest of the survey duration (2 weeks). At the end of the time which took about two months, 5 blood samples were caught for hematological and biochemical experiments from every replicate for realizing the effect of B.subtilis feeding on resistance of fish against S. iniae infection. Significant difference was seen in the leukocyte count, percent of lymphocyte and neutrophile, serum total protein, serum albumin, IgM and lysozyme in both groups (P<0.05). The leukocyte count, percent of lymphocyte, serum total protein, serum albumin, IgM and lysozyme were higher in T group and neutrophil percent was lower in comparison with the control

A mass mortality of Big head (mean weight= 50g) in one of the cyprinid farms in Ahvaz, Khouzestan was reported. Visiting the farm, water biochemical factors measured and nothing observed unusual in the farm but, net fishing shows lots of dead, nearly dead and moribund thin and weak big head with exophthalmia and surprisingly wide open mouth. Water biochemical factors were similar in affected and not affected ponds. Water temperature was 17.5 °C and the Big head intensity in affected farm was 50% higher than others. 30 moribund fish were transferred to the laboratory. Fungal and Parasitical assay didn’t match to sign of disease and mortality. Bacteriological study showed a very severe infection to Aeromonas sobria like bacterium in about 83.3% of fishes. For pathogenicity assay bacterium were injected to healthy big head and cause 100% mortality. Regarding to similar environmental factors of affected and not affected ponds and lake of parasitic and fungal agents it can be concluded that Aeromonas sobria like bacterium is a causative organism of this mortality. Neurotoxic effects of bacterial endotoxines can be the reason of "wide open mouth" in all moribund and dead fish. Role intensity stress, viruses and unknown factors as a primary cause of mortality cant be denied.

The purpose of this study was to determine the Efficacy of Mastitis Treatment on interval of calving to first insemination. This study was performed on 27 dairy cows with acute form of mastitis as the only disease between day 10 and 100 after parturition. The studied cows were divided into 3 groups as follows: group1: with intramammary antibiotic only. Group2: with the same antibiotic and single IM injection of vit E,Se and group3: intramammary antibiotic and Flunixin meglumine received as mastitis treatment during three consecutive days. Also, 9 dairy cows were considered as healthy controls. Analysis of data was done by SPSS software. The results of this study showed that the usage of intramammary ointment bring on healing of symptoms in %55.5 of cows from group1. But recovery rate in group2 and 3 was %77.8 and %66.7, respectively (P>0.05). The odds of recovery for cows of group2 and 3 than group1 were respectively 2.8 and 1.6 times (P>0.05). significant correlation between the mean of interval from calving to first insemination in different groups was seen (P0.05). In conclusion, the prescription of vit E,Se or flunixin meglumine increases the efficacy of intramammary antibiotic and improves the fertility indicator.

Ultrasonography is a simple, effective and low cost method for ocular space evaluating. The purpose of the study was to describe and compare the ultrasonographic appearance and measurements of the normal eye (anterior chamber depth, lens diameter, vitreous chamber diameter, longitudinal axis) between Lori-Bakhtiari and Turki-Ghashghaee sheeps. Transpalpebral ocular ultrasonographic examinations were performed on twenty clinically healthy non-anesthetized sheep by using 10 MHz linear transducer in brightness mode (10 Turki-Ghashghaee sheep and 10 Lori-Bakhtiari sheep). Anterior chamber depth in Lori-Bakhtiari and Turki-Ghashghaee sheep was 1.09±0.123 and 1.1±0.071 cm, lens diameter Lori-Bakhtiari and Turki-Ghashghaee sheep was 0.789±0.094 and 0.847±0.96 cm, vitreous chamber depth Lori-Bakhtiari and Turki-Ghashghaee sheep was 2.156±0.247 and 2.33±.023cm, longitudinal axis Lori-Bakhtiari and Turki-Ghashghaee sheep was 2.155±0.216 and 2.157±0.279 cm. There was no significant difference between left and right eye. There is also no analytical difference between Lori-Bakhtiari and Turki-Ghashghaee sheep (p≤0.05)

Energy is essential for life and industry development, and the global economy actually runs on energy. The application of fossil fuels as energy sources is unsustainable due to depleting limited resources and also due to the accumulation of greenhouse gases in the environment. Recently researchers showed that microalgae as a source of bioenergy production could meet conditions required for a technically and economically viable biofuel resource. In this work, the screening of 147 microalgae strains from the Persian Gulf and the Qeshm Island (Iran) were done in order to choose the best ones, in terms of growth (biomass) rate and lipid content for biodiesel production. A methodology, combining experiments in lab scale and pilot plant (open pond) used to produce and evaluate biomass and lipid productivity is presented for the systematic investigation of the potential of different microalgae species. Microalgae were screened in two stages using optical density (for evaluation of biomass concentration) and Nile red and gas chromatography (for determination of lipid content and fatty acid fractions). Nannochloropsis sp. and Neochloris sp. were selected from the marine microalgal culture collection, due to their high biomass and oil content. If the purpose is to produce biodiesel only from one species, Nannochloropsis sp. presented the most adequate fatty acid profile, namely linolenic and other polyunsaturated fatty acids. In addition, selected strains could be potent candidates for commercial production in the open pond culture.