نشریه علوم دامی (پژوهش و سازندگی)
پیاپی 97 (زمستان 1391)

Vitamins constitute an important subject in honey bee nutrition and are necessary for brood development. Vitamin C is one of the most essential vitamins for the majority of herbivorous insects such as honey bee، and plays an important role in its life. This experiment was conducted to determine the effects of its various level of vitamin C on population size and honey production in honey bee colonies. In this experiment after making the uniform colonies in spring for population، brood area and food accumulation، the sister queens were introduced to colonies. Equalization of colonies for stored honey and stored pollen were repeated in autumn. In late February five concentrations of vitamin C in sugar syrup (750، 1500، 2250 and 3000 ppm) were given to colonies in a Complete Randomized Design with 5 treatments and 5 replication. During 40 days، feeding of colonies was carried out every 5 days and received one liter of syrup in each time. Adult population and honey production were evaluated and obtained data have been analyzed by SAS software، PROC ANOVA and were grouped by Duncan’s test. Obtained results showed a significant difference in honey production (P < 0. 05)، but not significantly different on adult population (P > 0. 05). Although adult population didn’t differ significantly among treatments، but the results showed that the colonies fed with various levels of this vitamin، especially 3000 PPM level، had high population in comparison with other colonies. Population average was significantly correlated with Honey production (rs = 0. 5، P < 0. 0093، n = 25). Honey production was affected significantly by vitamin. C 3000 ppm. Vitamin C increased the amount of honey and adult population amount up to 85% and 58% in comparison with control group respectively.

The aim of present study was to investigate different aspects of growth by using the growth curve in a paternal line of broiler chicken. In this study 299 male birds from the parental lines (A & B) of Arian strain broiler chicken were used to investigate the growth curve under two treatments of control and ascites. At 35 days of age، the blood parameters and hematocrit value were measured just on 15% of birds. Food conversion ratio between 23 and 54 days of age were studied on 20% of birds individually. The body weights were measured individually at 1، 4، 7، 10، 14، 17، 21، 28، 35، 42، 49 and 54 days of age. Moreover at the end of experiment، all the birds were slaughtered and then the right ventricle to total ventricle ratio was assayed. There was significant differences (P<0. 05) for oxygen saturation between two treatments in the paternal lines but no significant difference was observed food conversion ratio between the treatment in parental line (P>0. 05). The ratio of right ventricle to total ventricle of the birds with induced ascites was significantly (P<0. 05) in both lines. Furthermore the results of current study showed that there was significant differences (P<0. 05) between two treatment for mature index and age at in inflection point just in line A. indeed، mature index increased and age at in inflection point decreased in ascites treatment.

Hull-less barley is a cereal grain which can be considered as an energetically source of feed stuffs in poultry nutrition. For determination the nutritive value of this cereal، NSP as β-glucan، content of hull-less barley must be measured. The experiment was carried out with 20 hull-less barley’s promising line varieties that were produced in Iran from 2002-2004. Chemical compositions as dry matter، gross energy، crude protein، crude fat، ash، crude fiber، sugar and starch، were determined according to standard methods as AOAC 2000. NSP (β-glucan، as total، soluble and insoluble)، content of hull-less barley were analyzed by using Megazyme assay kits. The results of experiment shows that there are significant differences (P<0/05) in chemical compositions (gross energy، crude protein، ash، starch، sugar) in hull-less barley produced in 1381. Therefore، promising line5 (Birjand) has the highest gross energy (4/35 kcal/g)، crude protein (16/65%) crude fat (18/6)، sugar (4/92%)، starch (67/87)، but amount of crude fiber has the lowest (1/4%) among the other lines. Also، total β-glucan content for promising line 2 (Darab) is the lowest and promising line 7 (Kerman) is the highest. The Soluble β-glucan content (%) is found in the range from 83-1. 27 % and the highest belongs to promising line1 (Karj) and the lowest belongs to promising line5 (Birjand) and 6 (Yazd). The data obtained of hull-less barley varieties produced in 2004 shown that there are significant differences (P<0/05) for gross energy، crude protein، ash، sugar، starch and soluble and insoluble β-glucan. However، the highest grows energy، crude protein and starch belongs to promising line10 (Moghan) and line 5 (Birjand) respectively. Data show that there are significant differences (P<0/05) in soluble B-glucan content of hulless barley produced in 2004. In addition it was found that the highest amount of soluble β-glucan is for promising line 10 (Moghan). Comparing hull-less verities produced during 2002-2004 revealed that there are significant differences (P<0/05) in crude protein، ash، starch، sugar. Comparing products of these two years made it clear that the amount of crud protein and sugar in the first year are higher and the amount of crud fiber and ash are less than second year. However the content of soluble β-glucan in product of 1381 (0/89) is less than the product of 2004 (1/05). According to the results of the research the promising line 6 (Yazd) has proper nutrition value and the least NSP among other lines. So this paper proves promising lines 1 (Karaj)، 2 (Darab)، 3 (Isfehan)، 5 (Birjand) 6 (Yazd) as the proper variety for different climates in Iran.

In this study in order to estimate the phenotypic and genetic parameters of the ultrasonic and needle measurement of soft tissue depth in live lambs and their relationship with carcass fat five years data of Lori-Bakhtiari lambs were used. Soft tissue depth over the 12th rib at 12cm from the dorsal midline (GR) in 1482 Lori-Bakhtiari lambs at the age of six months using an animal model of scanner device 480، also with needle No. 22 in the desired area was determined. Of these about 247 lambs were slaughtered at the age of six months. The means for ultrasonic and needle soft tissue depth measured in live lambs (UGR and NGR) with soft tissue depth in carcass (CGR) were 8. 44، 7. 69 and 8. 62، respectively. The estimates of heritability and standard error for UGR، CGR، subcutaneous fat and total carcass fat traits were 0. 23 ± 0. 05، 0. 29 ± 0. 14، 0. 28 ± 0. 011 and 0. 30 ± 0. 10، respectively. Due to the high phenotypic correlation between the UGR and NGR with CGR and subcutaneous fat (0. 64، 0. 68 and 0. 65، 0. 73، respectively) also the moderate to high genetic correlations between them of these (0. 55، 0. 94 and 0. 77، 0. 92، respectively) techniques can be used for selection programs. It is possible to replace the needle soft tissue depth measureing instad of ultrasound soft tissue depth due to phenotypic and genetic correlations with CGR and carcass traits.

This experiment was conducted to evaluation effect of molting program by single feed on performance، plasma metabolites، and supply organs weight and egg quality in laying hens. Treatment groups were feed deprivation، ad libitum access to corn، alfalfa meal and alfalfa leaf meal programs vs. full fed layer ration (Control). Results shown that Alfalfa group resulted in total cessation of egg production sooner than other groups in molting period. At the end of molting period، plasma phosphorus levels of alfalfa and alfalfa leaf groups and plasma calcium levels of Control group were exhibited higher concentrations than other groups. Ovary، oviduct and liver weight of molted groups were lower than Control group. Also proventriculus+gizzard Alfalfa and Alfalfa leaf groups were higher weight than other groups. Intestinal weight and plasma glucose concentration was not differing significantly between groups. In postmolt period، hens fed by corn reentered and reach to 10% and 50% hen-day egg production significantly faster than other hens، but feed deprivation group showed adverse effete. Post molt egg production، egg weight and egg mass (wk 3 to 9) for the alfalfa leaf group were generally higher and feed intake and FCR for feed deprivation group lower than for other groups. At wk 4 of post molting، albumen percentage of control group was significantly heavier and yolk percentage lighter than other group. Shell percentage and shell thickness of corn group were highest. Egg of hens molted by alfalfa or alfalfa leaf has higher albumen and yolk height and Haugh units than other molting programs. The results of current study suggested that molting with alfalfa and alfalfa leaf were used in replace to feed deprivation molting program.

This study was conducted to investigate the effects of different levels of 0، 0. 25، 0. 5 and 1% sumac seed powder or 100 mg/kg alpha tocopherol acetate (Vitamin E) on growth، blood metabolites and carcass characteristics of broiler chickens under heat stress condition. Two hundred and fifty one day old male broiler chicks (Ross 308) in five groups and 5 replicates each (10 birds for replicate) were used based a completely randomized design. The results of the recent experiment showed that there were no significant differences between the treatments for body weight gain and feed intake during whole the experimental period but a high trend was observed for feed conversion ratio (P=0. 08) and vitamin E and 0. 5 % sumac seed powder fed chickens had numerically better feed conversion ratio as compared to other birds. The blood total protein of sumac or vitamin E fed birds was lower than that of control birds (P<0. 05). Moreover dietary supplementation of different sumac levels affects none of carcass characteristics such as proportional weights of thigh، breast، abdominal fat، liver and heart. No significant differences were observed between the treatments for proportional weight or length of intestinal parts. None of blood cholesterol، triglyceride and hemoglobin was affected by dietary treatments. In orthogonal comparisons، consumption of sumac increased the blood hematocrit compared to control (P<0. 05). Totally، antioxidant effect of sumac decreases the blood total protein through prevention of tissue proteins injury، and hence causes the improved feed conversion ratio but doesn’t affect the body weight gain and feed consumption.

In this experiment، the effect of in ovo injection of different levels of sodium nitrite (0، 0. 042، 0. 084 and 0. 168 mg per egg) was investigated on embryo growth، and development، and some blood metabolites on newly hatched chicks. For this purpose، three hundred and eight fertile eggs were used. These eggs were divided to four groups on day 7 of incubation and injected with different sodium nitrite levels dissolved in distilled water. Chi-square test was used to statistical compare of hatchability and embryo mortality. The results of blood metabolites were analyzed based a completely randomized design with four treatments and five blood samples in each treatment. The Duncan multiple comparison test was used to comparison of means at significance level of 0. 05. Injection of sodium nitrite had no effects on hatchability and mortality (P>0. 05). Body weight of chicks in sodium nitrite injected eggs was lower than that of control eggs (P<0. 05). The total blood protein of chicks from the eggs injected with 0. 042 mg sodium nitrite was lower than that of the chicks from other eggs (P<0. 05). Moreover، total blood protein of chicks from sodium injected eggs was lower as compared to that of control eggs (P<0. 05). There was no significant differences between the treatments for blood total cholesterol، triglyceride، hematocrit and hemoglobin (P>0. 05). It was concluded that injection of sodium nitrite doesn’t affect hatchability، mortality and blood total cholesterol، triglyceride، hematocrit and hemoglobin but it decreases the blood total protein and hence body weight of newly hatched chicks.