مجله دانشگاه علوم پزشکی شهید صدوقی یزد
سال بیست و یکم شماره 1 (پیاپی 90، فروردین و اردیبهشت 1392)

Despite slight toxicities of essential oils, they are not under strict control in many countries. Anethum graveolens is widely consumed and its essential oils are at public reach. This study was designed to study essential oils of Anethum graveolens. The biological properties of pure and commercial essential oils of Anethum graveolens were investigated. In fact, Ferrous ion chelating activity, superoxide anion radical scavenging property, tyrosinase inhibition and total flavonoids of the oils were determined. Chelating activity of 7.8 µg of EDTA was equivalent to 2 µg of the pure oil. The oils had superoxide anion radical scavenging activities which may be related to their total phenol and flavonoid contents. IC50 of ferrous ion chelating, antityrosiase and superoxide anion radical scavenging activities of pure and commercial oils were 1.3, 1.4, 1 and (171.6, 589, 132) µg respectively. Antityrosiase activity of 6.4 µg pure oil was equal to 1000 µg of the commercial oil. Anethum possesses antioxidative and free radical scavenging properties. This oil chelates ferrous ions and superoxide radicals. It is effective in formation of reactive toxic products. Anethum has good potentials regarding its applications in food and drug industries.

To investigate the association between second Trimester Maternal Serum Biomarkers (HCG, MSAFP, UE3, Inhibin A) and Pre-term delivery. This study is a longitudinal study which was performed on 700 pregnant women attending Nilou Laboratory, Tehran, Iran during March 2008 to September 2008. Reproductive and demographic data as well as the results of Quad Marker Screening test were collected. The sample was followed up till delivery for maternal outcomes. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve for biomarker values for prediction of PTD was produced. Sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive values were calculated at a significance level of 0.05. The mean age of the studied women was 26.17(±4.27) years. 53 (7.3%) pregnancies were ended in PTD (before 37weeks). Using multiple of median (MoM) of 1.4 for AFP, 1.5 for Inhibin A, 1.25 for HCG and 0.8 for UE3, sensitivity and specificity for Quad test was 20.8 and 32% respectively. There was a statistically significant association between MS UE3 and preterm delivery (p<0.009). The study results suggested that MSUE3 might be helpful in predicting PTD; however its application as a screening tool for PTD needs further studies.

Early diagnosis of malignant and premalignant lesions of oral mucosa has a definitive role in promotion of prognosis and life span of patients. This study aimed to investigate how accurate is a clinician‘s doubt regarding existence of premalignant and malignant of oral mucosal via the correspondence between clinical differential diagnosis and histopathologic diagnosis. Furthermore, it investigates factors that will probably help to decrease the lack of correspondence. Among 650 available files associated with 2001-2010 in archive of pathology department, the files that had at least one clinical differential diagnosis as leukoplakia, erythroplakia, erythroleukoplakia and SCC and also files with definite microscopical diagnosis as a dysplasia or a type of microscopical SCC were selected. Afterwards, it was analyzed utilizing statistical methods, t test, and fisher’s exact test. The correspondence of clinical differential diagnosis significantly increased with age (p-value=0.047); however there was no significant difference regarding sex and site of lesions. Observing doubtful lesions particularly in women in any site of the oral cavity; the clinician should strongly suspect a malignant and premalignant lesion and take biopsy of the lesions, particularly in cases which there is no irritant factor for development of the lesion.

Life style is an important element to prevent the cancer. Therefore, this study aimed to determine life style risk factors of Tehran citizens as well as to prevent cancer. This study is a descriptive - analytic research with Sample size of 2500 Tehran citizens. The study data was collected via a questionnaire that contained 2 parts: demographic and questions related to life style cancer. Its validity and reliability was determined through content validity and Alfa-Cronbach test. Data was collected in one time and in front of the interviewer. Data analysis was done by SPSS software and descriptive and inferential statistics. The participants’ life style was assessed at three levels of satisfactory level 80-100%, moderately satisfactory level 60-79/9% and not satisfactory level0%-59/9%. 40/4% of the subjects had no direct contact with sunlight. 62% of the subjects had contact with the white matter. 45/8% have sometimes been nervous. 46/7% of the civilian population of normal BMI had poor lifestyle. Since studied Tehran citizens’ life style associated with cancer prevention were not desired in most aspects, life style correction can prevent the cancer to a great extent. It is essential that health and medical authorities specially nurses plan to reform life style, health behaviors and individuals’ habits.

Realm of health care that organizations have faced in recent years has been described with high level of dynamism and development. To survive in such conditions, performance evaluation can have an effective role in satisfying proper quality for services. This study aimed to evaluate the performance of Shahid Sadoghi Yazd hospital through EFQM approach.

This was a descriptive cross-sectional study. Data collection instrument was EFQM organization Excellence Model questionnaire which was completed by all the managers. The research data was gathered from a sample of 302 patients, staff, personnel and medical staff working in different parts of the hospital. Random stratified samples were selected and descriptive statistics were utilized in order to analyze the data.

The results revealed that Shahid Sadoughi hospital acquired 185.41 points out of the total 500 points considered in the model EFQM. In other words, the rating reflects the fact that regarding the defined desired position, the hospital has not achieved the desired rating.

Since the hospital performance is posited in a low-middle class, much more attention is required in regard to therapeutic management in this hospital. Therefore, codifying an efficient and effective program to improve the hospital performance is necessary. Furthermore, it seems that EFQM model can be considered as a comprehensive model for performance evaluation in hospitals.

Benign eyelid lesions are classified to infectious, inflammatory and tumoral lesions. The various number of these lesions is due to unique eyelid anatomical structure. Some lesions are simple and do not need any treatment but sometimes patients refer to ophthalmologists due to beauty or problems such as pain, swelling. The aim of our study is to investigate and compare the relative frequency of benign eyelid lesions in Shahid Sadoughi eye clinic as well as the private offices. This cross sectional six month study was done on 247 patients who referred to Shahid Sadoughi eye clinic and the private offices in 2011. They were examined by direct observation and slit lamp regardless of the cause. The information was gleaned by a questionnaire and the research data was analyzed by SPSS (ver.16). we studied 247 patients including 84(34%) male and 163(6%) female). The mean age of the patients was 42.7 years. 60.2% of lesions were in upper lid and 39.8% were in lower lid. 51.2% of lesions were in right eye and 48.8% were in left eye. The most common eyelid lesions were papilloma (32.9%) nevus (21.9%) and chalazion (14.1%) respectively. Papilloma, nevus and chalazion are respectively the most common lesion in men and women. Benign lesions were more common in women located more in upper lid, though there was no statistically difference between right and left lid.

Previous studies have shown altered levels of n-3LCPUFA in the pathophysiologcal conditions such as preeclampsia. Also elevated expression of sFlt-1 in preeclampsia plays a major role in the pathogenesis of this serious disorder especially in reduced placental oxygenation. The present study examines the hypothesis that Eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA; 20:5), an omega-3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3LCPUFAs), may attenuate sFlt-1 gene and protein expression in JEG-3 cells treated with induced hypoxia-like conditions by (DMOG) -induced hypoxia-like conditions.

JEG-3 cells were pretreated with DMOG incubated with EPA. Protein expression of sFlt-1 was measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Messenger RNA expressions of sFlt-1 was determined by and RT Real Time-PCR.

Our results showed that incubation of JEG-3 cells with DMOG cause a significant elevation in mRNA levels and protein secretion of sFlt-1(P < 0.05). In contrast, EPA decreased the mRNA expression and protein secretion of sFlt-1(P < 0.05). Also mRNA expression and protein secretion of sFlt-1 inhibited cells treated by both EPA and DMOG (P=0.261, P =0.077 respectively).

These findings confirm previous studies that hypoxia caused elevation in sFlt-1 gene expression and protein secretion. Also our studies reveal that effects of n-3 fatty acids in restraining preeclampsia complications may be mediated by suppressing the gene expression and protein secretion of sFlt-1 under hypoxia conditions. This data provide evidence that n-3 LCPUFA can exert its effects through inhibition of the HIF pathway

Infertility is described as the inability to get pregnant after one year of unprotected intercourse. About half of infertility cases are because of male factors. Idiopathic azoospermia or severe oligozoospermia caused by genetic alterations is a significant part of male infertility. A key step of spermatogenesis is crossover events during meiotic reciprocal recombination. MLH3 protein has a crucial role in meiotic recombination and in spermatogenesis. We evaluated this function of MLH3 protein by examining the contribution of functional polymorphism in MLH3 (C2531T) to the risk of male infertility.

We studied this polymorphism in 110 infertile male with idiopathic azoospermia or severe oligozoospermia, and 110 fertile men with normozoospermia as a control group. MLH3 C2531T polymorphism was analyzed using the tetra-amplification refractory mutation system-PCR (4P-ARMS-PCR) method.

Genotypes CC, CT and TT of the MLH3 gene presented frequencies of 13.6%,59.1% and 27.3%, respectively, in the men with idiopathic azoospermia or severe oligozoospermia and 37.3%,53.6% and 9.1% in the control group (p<0.001).

The data suggest that the MLH3 C2531T polymorphism can be associated with risk of male infertility. The research data showed that presence of the polymorphic allele T leads to an increased risk of 2.35 times (OR =2.35, 95% CI =1.57-3.51; p<0.001) to develop infertility in relation to the normal control group. Therefore, the MLH3 gene polymorphism may be genetic determinant for defective spermatogenesis in the humans.

Leptin, the obese (ob) gene product, is a cytokine-like hormone secreted mainly from adipose tissue; acting on a receptor site in the hypothalamus to inhibit food intake and stimulate energy expenditure. A G-2548G polymorphism in the leptin gene promoter has a strong influence on leptin gene expression and adipose tissue secretion. The aim of this study was to examine the association of the leptin G-2548A promoter polymorphism with leptin plasma level and susceptibility to type 2 diabetes. 100 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and 100 healthy controls were screened for the presence of G-2548A polymorphism using PCR-RFLP analysis. Body mass index, fasting leptin and fasting glucose were also determined. Carriers with the GG genotype (20.02±5.6μg/L) had significantly (P<0.001) higher leptin levels than those with the AG genotypes (16.2±5.4μg/L) and AA genotypes (13.42±6.3). Also, LEP -2548GG genotype presented an increased risk of type 2 diabetes (OR: 3.26, 95%CI: 1.5-7.2, P=0.004). In the other words, GG genotypes in the region of -2548 are associated with increased risk of type 2 diabetes. The present study showed that G-2548A LEP polymorphism is important in regulating leptin plasma level and is associated with risk of type 2 diabetes. Thus, this polymorphism may act as a molecular marker for type 2 diabetes.

Spinal anesthesia via Marcaine hyperbaric in different patients is associated with different side effects. The present study was performed to detect recovery period, Gastrointestinal and Respiratory side effects in spinal anesthesia with hyperbaric marcaine in diabetic and non diabetic patients. In this comparative study, 62 patients (30 diabetic and 32 non-diabetics) with sub abdomen and lower organ surgeries were selected with simple sampling. After spinal anesthesia with hyper baric marcaine was done, recovery duration, Gastrointestina and respiratory side effects in two groups were evaluated. Data were collected using questionnaire, physical examination and patients’ records and were analyzed utilizing statistical, independent t –t, and fisher exact test. Gastrointestinal and respiratory side effects in two groups revealed no statistically significant difference (P>0.05). But the mean length of recovery residence showed a significant difference in the two groups of control and experiment (p=0.05); In fact, diabetic patients recovery duration was shorter. Since Gastrointestina and respiratory side effects were same in the two groups and also recovery period was shorter, its appears that hyperbaric marcaine in spinal anesthesia is apppropriate for diabetic patients.

Age estimation plays a critical role in dentistry especial in orthodontics, pediatric Dentistry and other majors such as archaeology, etc. The aim of this study was to evaluate the accuracy of dental age estimation in 5-16 years-old children and adolescents in Gilan using Demirjian method.

This retrospective cross-sectional study was carried out on 314 panoramic radiographs of 212 girls and 102 boys, referring to Gilan dental clinics. Simple sampling method was used. Based on Demirjian method two dental radiologists calculated the dental maturity score (DMS) by assessing the seven left mandibular teeth and estimated the dental age for each case. The chronologic age of each patient was obtained from demographic data. Finally, the correlation between estimated dental age and chronologic age was determined by Pearson’s correlation coefficient and paired t-test using SPSS statistical software (α = 0.05).

Mean dental age in all the subjects was estimated 0.02 year less than the chronologic age. In addition, there was no significant difference between estimated and chronological ages (p value = 0.71). Pearson’s correlation coefficient between estimated and chronological ages was 0.73, indicating statistical significance (pvalue < 0.001).

Based on the results of the present study, Demirjian method is sufficiently accurate to estimate dental age of children in Gilan and can be used acceptably.

Migraine is the most frequent and most important headache in childhood. Therefore, prophylactic therapy should be exerted in children with frequent or disabling headaches. The purpose of this study was to evaluate efficacy and safety of propranolol for children’s migraine prophylaxis.

In this quasi- experimental study, monthly frequency, severity and duration of headache, migraine disability and side effects of fifty migrainous children were evaluated who were treated with 1mg/kg/day of propranolol for three months and referred to Pediatric Neurology Clinic of Shahid Sadoughi Medical Sciences University, Yazd, Iran from April 2011.

Twenty seven (54%) girls and 23(46%) boys with mean age of 10.68± 2.35 years were evaluated. Monthly frequency, severity and duration of headache decreased with treatment, from 16.2±6.74 to 8.88±4.54 attacks, from 6. 1±1.54 to 4.18±1.61, and from 2.2±1.36 to 1.08±1.08 hours, respectively. Pediatric Migraine Disability Assessment score reduced with TPM from 33.08±8.98 to 23.64 ± 9.88. (p<0.05). Transient side effects were seen in 10%(N=5) of the patients including mild hypotension in three and drowsiness in two children.

Propranolol is partially effective and safe for pediatric migraine prophylaxis.

Selenium is an essential element for human health and it is toxic at high concentrations. Selenium is a constituent component of selenoproteins that have enzymatic and structural roles in human biochemistry. Selenium is a best antioxidant and catalyst for production of thyroid hormone. This element has the key role in the immune function; prevention of AIDS progression and the deactivity of toxins. Furthermore, selenium is essential for sperm motility and can reduce abortions. Selenium deficiency was also associated with adverse mood states. The findings regarding cardiovascular disease risk related to selenium deficiency is unclear, though other conditions such as vascular inflammation, oxidative stress and selenium deficiency can cause this disease too. Moreover, consuming of 60 mg of selenium per day may be associated with reduction of cancer risk. In this study, a review of studies has been performed on the biochemical function of selenium toxicity, and its effects on human health. Furthermore, certain identified cancers associated with selenium have been discussed to absorb more attention to the status of this element and also as a guide for further studies. Selenium plays the dual character (useful and harmful) in human health, and then it is necessary to determine the concentration of this element in body fluids and tissues. An appropriate method for routine measurement of selenium in clinical laboratories is electro thermal atomic absorption spectrometry (ETAAS) with very low detection limit and good precision.

Brugada Syndrome is a rare cause of sudden cardiac arrest and has a unique ECG pattern. In fact, with ST-segment elevation down sloping in the right precordial leads (v1-v3), RBBB pattern in lateral leads and J-point elevation is revealed. We must notice and avoid trigger factors of this syndrome during general anesthesia. Patient is a 39 old man who attended to emergency department with sudden cardiac arrest and resuscitate. He was transferred to ICU for management of hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy. Complementary studies concluded the diagnosis of Brugada syndrome. We must consider Brugada syndrome within patients with family history of sudden cardiac arrest. Moreover, we must avoid trigger factors of this syndrome such as fever, bradicardia and electrolyte abnormality (specialy Na, Ca abnormalities) during general anesthesia and if they appear, we should treat them.