دوفصلنامه راهبردهای بازرگانی
پیاپی 2 (پاییز و زمستان 1391)

Subject of setting incremental information of content for accruals accounting items and Cash-Flows operation depending on the different Life Cycle Stages (LCSs) and designing of the comprehensive models for determination of the value of corporations (current market value) in terms of above-mentioned values (accruals accounting items and Cash-Flows operating),are the most controversial and challenging issues that are emphasized on during the last decades, so that many of financial analysts, professional accountants and academicians, managers of corporate finance and present and potential investors, continuously attempts to find new approaches for evaluating of enterprises based on value- relevancy of two above-mentioned variables.The above-mentioned models have been based-on the fundamental analysis techniques of the essential financial statement and rather applies on the field of accountancy. Also, in this research, among the variables that explain the current market value of firm, variable of price market-to-opening or closing book value equity amount has been selected. Independent variables for two designed dynamic models in this research, encompass of six variables that are computed in terms of accrual earnings and Operational Cash-Flows, one dummy variable that accept zero or one quantities and interaction variable that its quantity is subjected to quantities of dummy variable and the first variable that is calculated in terms of Accrual Income or Earnings and Cash-Flows Operating. Life cycle of 160 selected enterprises (listed in Tehran Stock Exchange) in two experimental and control groups, also have been determined by two standardized criteria that are named grow or decline annual rate of sales revenue and grow or decline annual rate of dividend pay-out ratio (DPOR), and subsequently they are categorized based-on expected value of two standardized measures into one of the life cycle stages including growth, maturity and stagnation or decline. Results of this dissertation by using regression analysis technique indicate that measures of price market-to-closing book value equity ratio in comparison to price market-to- opening book value equity ratio in all stages of corporate life cycle have been more sufficient. Reasons for proposed result come from this fact that ratio of determination coefficient or ratio of adjusted determination coefficient of designed dynamic models based-on two factors (Accrual Earnings and Operational Cash-Flows) for former measure exceed next measure. Also other findings of this research indicate this important fact that in growth and maturity stages, evaluating models based-on accrual items and earnings provide us with more Value-Relevancy in contrast with those models which have used Operational Cash-Flows. The reasons goe back to this fact that determination of coefficient or adjusted determination of coefficient for former models are far above or exceed the next one, however there is no such relationship for decline stages. Evaluating models firms based-on Operational Cash-Flows are more value-relevant in this stage. As a result, findings of this research indicate that in designing evaluating firm's models, Value-Relevancy of Cash-Flows Operating and Accrual Earnings are dependent on process of Corporate Life Cycle.

Outsourcing is recently adopted as a cost reduction strategy by many Iranian organizations. Although this trend shows the necessity of considering all factors effecting such a decision, lack of a model especially in service industry is perceived. In this paper the authors propose a model for outsourcing decisions in Sanat o Madan Bank. This model is designed through experience and expert surveys. The proposed model evaluates outsourcing decision from three aspects which are feasibility, quality and cost appropriateness. This model was applied for assessment of ATM outsourcing decision in Sanat o Madan Bank. The results support the decision from all three aspects.

In this article a hybrid model for supporting the vendor selection process in new task situations is suggested. First, the vendor evaluation problem is putting together by use of the multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) approach and a five-step process, which incorporates the technique of an analytical network process (ANP). Then the modified TOPSIS (technique for order performance by similarity to idea solution) is used to rank vendors in terms of their overall performances. The newly developed ANP will be used to compute the relative weights of the multiple evaluation criteria, which are obtained from the nominal group technique (NGT) with interdependences. To show the ability of the suggested model a case as an example is proposed. This instance shows how this approach can be used for the strategic vendor selection problem.

The main purpose of supply chain management is to achieve customer satisfaction (competitiveness escalation). Therefore, every leading corporation of supply chains has to be able to discover its competitiveness situation (serving) by some models or techniques, and step forward in order to reach maximum customer satisfaction(maximizing competitiveness). At the time being, responding to the question "how the competitiveness (serving) of supply chains can be measured" is of great importance. The importance is due to the fact that by measuring the competitiveness of supply chains, while determining the current performance (weak points and strong points), it is possible to decide on the competitiveness situation (opportunities, and threats) of supply chains in comparison to each other, and this is an introduction to determining the performance ideals and the outset of improvement process. In this article, a new technique called competitiveness (serving) measurement technique of supply chains will be introduced. This technique is designed based on the guidelines and attributes of the supply chain operations reference model. The six steps of this technique are: identifying the effective attributes on the competitiveness of supply chains with the use of fuzzy screening technique, determining the relative importance (weight) of selected attributes in the first step with the use of fuzzy hierarchical analysis, determining the fuzzy quantity of each selected attribute in the first step in the supply chain of the industry under discussion, grading the supply chains under discussion with the use of fuzzy TOPSIS technique, confirming the fuzzy quantities in the from of four major components of competitiveness, and depicting the quantity of competitiveness of each supply chain on the four-dimensional graph.

Innovation is necessary for achieving competitive advantages and long term success of all organizations and companies. At the beginning of 21st century, and with the intensification of competition and globalization trend, the importance of this issue has increased. Although there are a lot of studies and researches in this field, most of them were done in manufacturing industry, therefore, there are few researches on innovation management in constructing contractor Industry. The main objective of this study is to identify the effective factors on innovation management in construction industry. In order to do this, we used case study research method and five construction contractor companies were selected (as cases), and their data and information were collected by triangle methods. The collected data was analyzed by grounded theory method. The results of this study are presented in the form of a method for innovation management in construction contractor companies. At the end, we proposed some suggestions for future research.

Manager's individual differences rooted in their personalities can be a source of creativity development or a source of conflict, frustration and unavoidable organizational problems. One such problem is reaching a balance between "individual needs and aims" and "group and team collaboration". In this research, studying the relationship between manager's personality based on five factor model with neuroticism, Extroversion, Conscientiousness, Agreeableness, Openness as independent variables and the propensity to team building and joining them are considered as dependent variable. In order to do this, 45 staff managers of Training and Education Organization and 31 staff managers of Medical University of Qom province are selected based on stratified random sampling method. Research instrumentations are Five Factor Model of personality and propensity to team-building questionnaires which are made by researcher, with the help of some management professors; their validity by content validity and their reliability by Cronbach' Alpha (for Personality questionnaire 0/78 and team-building questionnaire 0/91) are studied. Data analysis by correlation and T-test supports the existence of a significant relationship between manager's personality and their propensity to team-building. In studying five factors of personality, it was observed that there is no meaningful relation between neuroticism and propensity to team-building. Other aspects of personality have meaningful relations with propensity to team-building except agreeableness in Medical University that has no outstanding relationship with propensity to team-building.

In this study, outsourcing factors are analyzed in public sector. Factors were formulated through reviewing the related literature and documents. Methodology is applicable regarding the goal and descriptive regarding the performance, and the strategy is survey. The different factors were investigated through expert's opinion and the results were analyzed. Among different factors (reducing costs, better centralization, world class abilities etc.) better management was found to be the most important factor. Other factors such as responsiveness and sense of responsibility had good mean ranks. Among the barriers of outsourcing, public regulations were the most important one. Finally, prioritizing the factors and barriers were suggested together with political recommendations.