فصلنامه مجلس و راهبرد
پیاپی 71 (پاییز 1391)

This paper aims to examine transaction costs and to propose some indices for measuring them in context of Iranian economy. Analytical-descriptive method is used in this paper. Given this issue’s scientific background, factors affecting on transaction costs and its measurement variables in macroeconomic level are identified and then indices and variables are selected on basis of the Delphi method. Finally, variables are standardized and transaction costs from 1375 to 1386 in macroeconomic level are assessed. The paper finds that factors such as the level of corruption and the rate of inflation have increased transaction costs during this period and situation of economic issues and size of government led to decrease in transaction costs.

The existence of oil rich resource and its challenges for optimal management is very important issue in development of Iranian economy. This paper tries to investigate the effect of different oil revenue circulation on Gross Domestic Production (GDP) and its components. Thus, the paper analyzes two approaches based on "National Development Fund" {NDF} and "Direct Distribution of Oil Revenues" (DDOR) by using computable general equilibrium model. Findings show that the NDF approach have a appropriate effect on GDP in long run, but the DDOR approach is better than NDF in term of decreasing dependence of Government Budget to oil revenues. However, if both approaches are considered as complementary and combined, all GDP components except Government expenditure are improved as well as GNP as a whole is increased. Thus, this paper suggests that the DDOR approach must be applied as a complementary rather than alternative approach along with the NDF approach.

This paper aims to examine the possibility of achieving goals outlined in the Vision Document for Petrochemical sector. In doing so, the price of methanol, etalon, polietilen and PVC in the world market is reviewed. The findings show that most of upstream petrochemical products in the world market will face with surplus production as well as overcapacity in materials such as etalon, polietilen and PVC,which may result in decline in price of petrochemical products, and as a result, revenues in petrochemical industry may decrease. On the other hand, the existence of rival producers such as Saudi Arabia may prevent Iran from achieving the first position in regional level in terms of value and volume of products. Thus, it is not appropriate and reasonable to determine the goal in petrochemical industry by focusing on high-volume and low-added-value upstream petrochemical products. So the only way to achieve goals outlined in the Vision Document is to develop downstream petrochemical industries.

Undoubtly, all individuals and societies often face the state of uncertainty. According theories related to optimal decision-making, the type of facing with uncertainty leads us to achieve a solution. This paper seeks to explain as comprehensively as possible the effects of uncertainty on Iranian economy and its consequences by employing documentary and library method in order to contribute to the future policy makings. Thus, it attempts to shows that economic uncertainty results in economic depression and removes capitals from investing in productive sector to purchasing real properties such as land: situation that already exists in Iran. In this framework, the paper has proposed some policy recommendations designed to minimize costs posed by economic uncertainty on Iranian economy.

With the emergence of modern states, their structures have brought about some problems; the Holy Islam gives no special perspective about them and in fact, they are seen as emerging issues in contemporary era. Budget is one of such issues. The adoption of budget bill, which determine economic and political destiny and conduct the national programs and aspirations, has special procedures. The number and the size of developmental projects is one of various issues happened during debates on the bill. Studies indicate that the number and volume of developmental projects could be considered as Prodigality. In this framework, general choice approach which focuses on role of self-interest in the political sphere, analyzes both legislative and decision-making and unlike traditional approach, which sees politicians as benefactors, suggests that at least choice of some developmental projects is influenced by politicians’ and MPs’ self-interest. This paper seeks to examine the relationship between choice of developmental project by parliamentary decisions and prodigality in light of public choice approach.

This paper aims to examine challenges and practical solutions about determining bank interest rate in context of Iranian economy. Thus, survey and descriptive statistics have been used. The papersfindings indicate that central bank can draw on two scenarios: first, Central Bank can determine a reference interest rate in which receives deposit and give credit facilities. Banks, in turn, determine each bank´s interest rates following the endorsement by auditor in terms of domestic capacity, market potential, economic situation, expectations about the level of incomes as well as the percentage of interest that they can pay depositors According to second scenario, the central bank determines an interest rate for both long-term and mid-term currency exchange contract as well as an interest rate for deposits for the period from 1391 onwards in term of efficiency in relevant sectors