فصلنامه مسکن و محیط روستا
پیاپی 141 (بهار 1392)

Behavioral science theories emphasized the role of identity in explaining the ways residential environments interact with residents. Indeed, many researchers suggest the identity as a main purpose of dwelling. So, residents’ identity is one of the most important issues in dwelling concept of settlements architecture. Nevertheless, this issue paying no attention in literature. In this article, we attempted to find the theoretical model of interaction between residential environment and residents’ identity. First, on the basis of behavioral science theories present the hypothesis of the ways in which residents interact with residential environments. Then, we test the hypothesis with logical reasoning, according to theories and researches that support the issue. As residential environment is a social space, so, one can claim that human shape the residential environment with semantic elements according to his/her image; in order to interact the others in symbolic interaction through constructed environment and with regard to others’ evaluation of his/her residential environment can evaluate, confirm, and promote his/her identity. Residential environment in its performance as an “extended self” is linkage of man with his physical and social environment; and with its two dimensions including the ‘material me’ and the ‘social me’, or as place identity and social identity interprets and explain the relation. Formation of these identities occurs in a reciprocal process and residential environment has placed in it as a symbol of self. In the reciprocal process with individuals, residential environment on the basis of its characteristics declare, interpret, and confirm itself.

Rural areas are the residential and productive places that have organic relationships with natural, ecological, economical, social and cultural patterns. Meanwhile, due to the recent changes of economical, social and cultural patterns and also entrance of new technologies in Iran and hence Fars province, rural house architecture has drastically changed. Our initial investigations revealed that as a result of such changes, the rural sense of the villages in Fars province has altered as well. Hence one of the main objectives of this paper is to present the key factors affecting the rural house architecture in Fars province. Fars is one of the provinces in Iran with a vast variety of rural architecture in its different villages. Therefore, to reach our goals, firstly, we have listed all the villages in Fars with more than 90 families which have been constructed at least fifty years ago, as our target population. Then, with SPSS software and based on the several meteorological data that were gathered from all 24 weather stations in Fars and with the q-mode cluster analysis, Fars province has been divided to five main ecological zones. Finally with the cluster sampling method, 60 villages from the initial list have been selected from those five ecological zones as our clusters. Accordingly we have analyzed the house architecture in these villages through different methods such as direct observation, filling questioners, interviews and mapping the houses. Our investigations in those 60 sample villages have confirmed that the new housing architecture in the villages of Fars province has hardly influenced by their traditional rural architecture. In most cases their new architecture is a bad copy of their neighbor’s urban one. This study also leads us to understand the traditional rural house architecture in Fars province and hence has introduced some main recommendations related to their new house buildings. Moreover, a range of practical strategies for house construction and preserving the identity of villages are obtained in this study. To reach such an objective, this paper will address: (1) The current condition of rural house architecture in Fars province; (2) Some key factors affecting the rural house architecture in different parts of Fars province; (3) Comparative analysis of house architecture in different ecological zones of Fars province to find criteria for future designs in such zones; (4) Several guidelines for rural house constructions; and (5) Essential readings for rural planners, architects and local and national government officers.

Unfortunately, in spite of the rapid progress in knowledge and capability of engineering and technology, none of them could help the rising in quality of spaces and architectural values commensurate with modern life. In such a way that the modern architectural attributes have transformed to single dimensional, meaningless and their quality is identical. In addition, the technology has caused, (unlike the cultural, regional, and vernacular differences which are present in the environment) the building in different parts of a country to look alike and have no major variation in design. This has caused a reduction in quality and, has made spaces less satisfying and pleasant and quality are willing to go away. While paying careful attention to traditional Iranian houses which are constructed based on vernacular technology we will find out that by using this kind of technology at each and every corner of the house we could make different quality and circumstances all over the house depending on desired application of that space. One of the ways to achieve these lost qualities is referring to construction methods and technologies. And by considering their detail, material, and also both compatibility and combination, optimal qualities of the contemporary houses would be accomplished. These qualities in vernacular Iranian architecture have been emerged which by paying attention to, we can use them in designing of housing today. Thus, in this article with an exploratory study in relation with the main issue, Bum, The technology and vernacular architecture are discussed and in the continuation, the potentials of vernacular technologies and effect of them on space are examined. This article by recognizing the potentials of vernacular architecture which are hidden in vernacular technology, is trying to propose various methods in order to achieve designing of spaces with high quality and Iranian identity. Furthermore, this paper wants to answer following questions in general route of the article: - What are the Potentials of constructional technologies which are effective on the quality of Iranian housing space? - What is the relationship between technology and space quality? And what amount of undesirability of space quality is related to technology? - Could promotion of identity and the quality of Iranian dwellings be caused by using the potentials of vernacular technology and construction methods? Eventually, taking into account all these factors, we will reach the conclusion that, technology is one of the principal elements in increasing quality of designing Iranian house and these methods which are mentioned briefly in this paper must be considered.

Urban environment is complex, dynamic, and versatile. It is considered as a source of development that requires high capacity management. Pattern of urban good governance is defined as the process of collectivity process to develop that allows all stakeholders provides the means for solving urban problems such as government, NGOs and civil society. In the pattern, is less direct executive responsibility for urban management and provide more opportunities for bottom-up planning and control by NGOs and public institutions. This article aims to Measurement the level of citizen participation in urban management, Yasouj, is based on urban good governance. It also has examines significant relationship between the indicators of urban good governance (transparency and accountability, social justice, civic consciousness, social trust, social satisfaction) with the dependent variable of citizen participation in urban management. The research methodology is descriptive, analytic and data are collected doing survey methods by questionnaire. The data were analyzed using SPSS. Study sample size was calculated using the formula of Cochran 320 persons. The results show that mental desire of citizen to participation in urban management is high and there are good grounds for participation in the study areas. Also the objective of citizen participation, are low. Pearson correlation test results showed that between indicators of urban good governance and dependent variable of citizen participation in urban management with the confidence of %99 percent there is significant relationship. It also showed that between indicators of urban good governance there is interaction and close.

Every-day life of city residents includes a range of communication and social interactions. The size, density, and configuration of urban physical environment affect the psychological and social experiences and behaviors of urban dwellers. Citizen's familiarity with the location of residences is a result of education and experience, thus having different sense of place among people living in different cities is a result of different experience too. This paper aims to address the relationship between the accumulation of memories and perceptions on quality, image and vitality to the citizens. From this, managers, planners, urban designers and policy makers can be effective in improving the communication of citizens with their residence environment through participation of space users in formulating future development visions. As a geographical community, public space has a certain location in the urban structure. As a social community, public space is a meeting place for different purposes. Central to the notion of public space are its claims to be democratic and accessible. The meaning of places is defined through their identity and more specifically through the harnessing of the traditions, memories and historicity held of them. Social interaction connects public space to physical security. Many public realms in the city are time-dependent in their nature. During the daytime, market squares, parks and streets might be magnetic and inclusive urban areas, but during the nighttime they may turn into urban areas of fear. The urban landscape is something that we see, but it is also something that is produced by stories. There are many aesthetic, economic, emotional and nostalgic ties to the urban environment. Many meanings of signs and symbols are part of our history and identity. Human behaviour in urban space is influenced by subjective knowledge of the environment. It is possible to transfer this knowledge using such kinds of materials as novels, diaries, biographies, poems, photographs, paintings and films. These sources of material help to understand the deep, subjective and complex relationships between individuals, groups, places and landscapes. In this study, the Chamran Street in Shiraz was selected as the study area. Then the environmental factors affecting users in the form of memories were collected and analyzed. The reason of choosing Chamran was due to its importance in current and future urban identity of Shiraz, its dynamism, diversity of functions and activities, and its role on increasing urban vitality.The resultsindicated thatactivity and meaning are two more important factors those physical elements, so more attention is required to pay on these two via improving social-recreational activities. Any effort to improve physical environment should be accomplished with enriching diverse activities and empowering urban image and legibility for users. This would lead to enriching identity, collective memories, and livability.

After the Islamic revolution occurred in early 1980s in Iran, planning for improving of accommodation in rural areas became one the most important concerns for the Iranian governments due to incommensurate and substandard housing in rural areas and several development plans were employed. Therefore, rural access to financial resources is one of the major categories that can lead to sustainable development in rural communities and since the third development program, the government has spent these funds on the villagers and has given the micro-credit to them in great scale to achieve this goal, but the question is “how much did these funds improve the life quality in rural areas?". This note aims to provide procedural information, additional to that contained in the Council’s adopted SPG on affordable housing, on making an application for planning permission for local needs affordable housing in or adjacent to villages by Housing Improvement Funds. In the present study several ideas such as the micro-credit funds, have been studied on the Improving of rural life quality in four dimensions of social, economic, physical and environmental. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the effects of the credits on above dimensions. data collection method used in the study was “library and field method” (questionnaires, interviews and observation). Data collection methodology was descriptive-analytical research (mean and standard deviation) and inferential statistics (Friedman test, linear regression, correlation of coefficient and Willcoxon test). The sample size consists of rural households of villages with above 20 households in rural area of Mojezat county that received micro-credit from 2005 to 2011, and the project covered about 1428 households that were selected using classification and probability sampling. Cochran method was used to determine sample size and it was estimated to be 225 household. Among the 4 factors examined in this process, the most important factor was the physical aspect or the obtained results in this research show that the micro-credit has the most effect on the physical aspect and the least effect on the economic and indicators indices

Geo-tourism is geographical tourism that relies on geology and geomorphology characteristics implicitly as a context for human activities and geographical specifications. So Geo-tourism mission compared to other sustainable tourisms is to preserve geographical characters of a place. Geo-tourism involves different aspects of experience of travel instead of emphasize on one special aspect of traveling experiences like environment, culture and etc. Thus in addition to introduction of accurate capabilities of a geomorphologic place for attraction of tourists, Geo-tourism tries to increase tourist knowledge and it leads to accompaniment by local individuals in process of visiting geomorphologic places that the satisfaction of tourist is necessary. In other hand, the journey should be useful in improvement of local people life and finally it should be employed in best manner without any damages. The purpose of Geo-tourism should be manifested in sustainability of total region and preservation of geographical characteristics of the visited place and it should lead to empowerment and increase of geomorphologic areas that involves environment, cultural heritage and welfare of the residents providing context for sustainable development of touristic area. By this approach, the purpose of this paper is to evaluate a number of existing Geo sites of Kandovan village, by using the scientific and value added models. Kandovan is located in 62 km South West of Tabriz in Osku county. Kandovan is one of three rocky villages in the world which still there is life in there. Despite its geo tourism potential, and being located in the western slopes of Sahand Mountain, Kandovan posses archeological resources, the climatic and geomorphologic phenomena. But still it does not have a right position inside and outside of the country. Concerning to the goals of this paper, the data were collected by library resources and field operations and they were analyzed by scientific value and value-added methods. Ecologic and aesthetic aspects, cultural and economic value and scientific value of the studied geo sites have been investigated quantitatively in this research. The results show that the scientific value of the existing geo sites is higher than their value added. It is indicated a lack of directed investment in establishing infrastructure, introduction of the geo tourism phenomena and inattention of domestic agencies for organizing tours. It was identified that rocky homes in terms of value added and scientific value have higher priorities than any other existing geo sites by aesthetic aspect and attractiveness of these houses.