فصلنامه مسکن و محیط روستا
پیاپی 184 (زمستان 1402)

With the growth of the population and the increase in the need for housing, the creation and design of Mehr housing began in the form of residential complexes around the cities. However, due to reasons such as inappropriate location, the residence of people with different cultures and the lack of a written program, it does not have the same quality as an Iranian house. This research has been conducted with the aim of identifying the effective factors on the creation of social interactions and functional security, as well as the mutual influence of these two on each other in Mehr housing in Borujerd city. The research method is descriptive-analytical in a survey context; which investigated the cause of lack of security and social interaction in the studied sample. The sample size of 373 people was calculated and SPSS26 software was used for data analysis, as well as the standard deviation test, Friedman's ranking and Spearman's correlation. The findings obtained from the present research confirm the correlation between security and social interaction, as well as the correlation between the criteria and components affecting security and social interaction in a corresponding manner in all cases except for public participation and social cohesion, which the relationship They have the reverse, it is confirmed. Functional factors have had the greatest effect in creating social interaction, while perceptual factors have had the greatest effect in creating security. In the studied sample, due to physical weakness and incorrect design, all components are ineffective or reduce security and social interaction.

In the past, houses played an important role as an important component of production in society, and production spaces in the structure of historic houses provided activities related to livelihood and family economy. The scope of this research includes the city of Najafabad and historical houses corresponding to the past life; A life in which the family strives for livelihood. This study, by looking at the structure of historic houses in Najafabad, tries to understand the relationship between house architecture and production in the past society, and provide its connection with the structure of the house. The general method in this research is descriptive-analytical method, and by collecting field data with architectural exposure to historical houses in Najafabad and library data about existing houses and past houses, it addresses this issue. The required data were obtained by observing, photographing, mapping and taking notes in historic houses, and the required information was made possible through interviews with residents and experts. In this study, first, home production in the past society was studied, then the production spaces of the historic house in Najafabad were re-read and identified, and based on that, the spatial order of the production sections in the structure of historic houses in Najafabad was studied. According to the findings, types of production spaces in historic houses in Najafabad can be divided into three categories: independent, dependent and flexible in terms of the need for connection with other spaces in the house and the arrangement of production spaces in the historic houses of Najafabad has followed the hierarchy of ownership, hierarchy of privacy-security and hierarchy of health-function.

Today, the effects of the environment have been proven as one of the most important factors of mental health and human behavior patterns, as well as the effect of nature and green space on reducing stress and daily mental pressures and improving mental health. Researchers believe that nature and green space can be effective in reducing stress and daily mental pressures and improving mental health, and with the ability to deal with anxiety, it can improve mental health. The main goal of this research is to use healing components in the design of landscapes and urban environments and equip these landscapes with healing qualities and provide appropriate solutions to create healing urban landscapes. Considering the current period of time and the existence of social crises and the chaotic economic situation of the society, and the mental injuries caused by it, conducting this research is necessary. This research, which was conducted in order to analyze the related concepts and indicators in Paknejad Boulevard in Tehran, is in the field of applied research in terms of its purpose and scope. In terms of the descriptive-analytical research method and content analysis, it is of a mixed type with a qualitative tendency. First, some important indicators were extracted with library studies, and then field studies such as behavioral mapping were conducted using research tools. Then, using the healing components extracted from the study of related sources, a questionnaire was prepared. To check the validity, the questionnaire was randomly distributed to the users. The answers were analyzed with SPSS statistical analysis software and the data output was presented in the form of graphs and tables. The results of this research show that the effective healing indicators in the design of urban landscapes include things such as the presence of water, interaction with nature, stimulation of the senses, environmental peace, a sense of security in the space, colors, pleasant smells and pleasant sounds. Finally, strategic actions and appropriate solutions were presented by analyzing the concepts and effective healing indicators that are considered vital for designing a healing urban landscape.

Purpose the purpose of this research is to investigate and analyze the state of resilience against flood hazards in District 3 of Shiraz. The present research has been done by combining objective data taken from statistical documents and written reports as well as questionnaire data from surveys.The statistical sample of the research is 30 professionals involved in crisis management and resilience in District 3 of Shiraz Municipality. The sample volume was determined using the theoretical saturation method and the snowball method was used for sampling. In order to determine the weight of indicators and their importance in resilience using Shannon's entropy method Also, in order to evaluate the resilience of the studied areas, the copperas method has been used. The results of the surveys show that in four dimensions (physical, economic, social and institutional) Areas 6 and 5 have better performance in terms of resilience And areas 7 and 2 have poor performance in flood resilience variables.

The high consumption of energy in the construction sector in today's world has led to the creation of many environmental problems in addition to the huge waste of non-renewable natural resources. Provide a more comfortable living environment for its residents. One of the native regions of our country is Sistan-Baluchistan province, one of the manifestations of native housing in this province can be found in its rural housing, and a unique example is the use of passive solar systems in the natural ventilation sector; Therefore, recognizing the climatic organs of rural housing in our country, which has been in response to the thermal and living comfort needs of the residents, is one of the solutions to the pathology of the existing situation and a response to the new attitudes of housing construction in new construction methods. In the ventilation sector in these types of buildings, natural ventilation consumes less energy and has less pollution compared to new cooling methods. One of the climatic organs of the rural housing of this area is kolak, which is a type of wind deflector native to Zabul region. The purpose of this article is to investigate the effect of local wind deflectors in Sistan-Baluchistan province in providing thermal comfort in rural housing through natural ventilation. In this article, firstly, by using qualitative research method in a descriptive-analytical way, and then by taking advantage of the field survey of the common pattern in the rural housing of Qaleno village, to identify and investigate the methods of using wind in the natural ventilation of the rural housing in this area by using organs. The climate of the bellows was discussed and CFD simulation of this climate organ was carried out by comparing different modes to check the effectiveness of this organ. Studies show that the performance of this type of wind deflector by investigating simulations leads to an increase in natural ventilation, which should be considered in the performance of existing buildings in future constructions, including: the placement of windows and suction valves.

For a long time, housing has been one of the most important spaces for people to spend their lives and provide peace of mind and mental health. Today, with the increasing growth of the population and the increase in housing demand in the city, without considering the psychological problems, less attention has been paid to the role of the design of residential buildings in human health and stress factors. In this way, considering the life in modern and industrial societies due to having a repetitive life and machine habits, modern man has needed nature more than ever in addition to the physical dimension in terms of the spiritual dimension. Considering that the presence of nature and plants in the environment is one of the effective factors in human mental health. Biophilic design to respond to human needs can play a significant role in establishing a relationship between humans and nature in their daily life environments and improving human mental health and reducing women's stress in the home environment. The research has been to identify the components of biophilic architecture on reducing the stress of housewives in residential complexes in Shiraz city. Due to the use of quantitative and descriptive methods, the current research has a combined paradigm and is practical in terms of purpose. The method of data collection is documentary, field and questionnaire. For this purpose, in this research, 23 residential complexes from eleven districts of Shiraz municipality were selected in a non-probabilistic way. The questionnaire was completed by the housewives and the collected data was evaluated using appropriate statistical methods using SPSS software, ANOVA test and regression statistics and determining the significance level of the components. Analytical results of the research, according to the data and tests of biophilic architecture on stress, among the fourteen components, the shelter factor has the highest score of 3.64% and the presence of water factor has an impact of 3.43% and non-rhythmic sensory stimuli with The effect of 3.02% indicates the most effective factor in reducing women's stress in residential complexes and the non-visual connection with nature with a score of 2.7% is the least effective factor in reducing women's stress in residential complexes. Therefore, the use of biophilic elements in the design of residential complexes can reduce the stress of housewives.

In recent years, due to the change in people's lifestyle and the introduction of staying at home and remote working, people are forced to spend many hours at home .For example, the spread of infectious diseases such as the Covid-19 disease caused education in schools to take place in absentia for a long time. But this trend, in addition to reducing the academic performance of students, has caused mental disorders such as post-traumatic stress and stress caused by virtual education in students. In the studies conducted on the causes of these consequences, the quarantine environment of people (residential environment) has played the most important role in the emergence of these consequences . Therefore, investigating the relationship between people and the quarantine environment becomes doubly important. Therefore, considering the importance of the home environment on the individual, the present study was conducted with the aim of explaining the stressful factors in the residential environment of quarantined students and also to identify the prominent components of the association of meaning effective in reducing the stress of those quarantined in the residential environment. The present qualitative (exploratory) study was conducted with a descriptive phenomenology approach. In this method, information is available from reliable sources and semi-structured interviews were conducted with the students of district (3) of Isfahan city, who were selected based on the purposeful sampling criteria, and the sampling continued until saturation was reached. In order to analyze the findings using the Collaizi analysis method, the data have been categorized and described using Atlas-TI software. The research findings include (3) main themes and (11) sub-themes with 57 evidences. The results indicate that in order to reduce the stress of students due to home quarantine due to the outbreak of disease and virtual education due to the long time of quarantine, it is possible to improve the vitality index in the environment and create different environmental layers in the space, the individual tension of knowledge It reduced the learner in layering the environment and better spending a long time in quarantine.

Looking at traditional Iranian architecture, one can see the special place of ornamentations that have been a manifestation of the beliefs, customs and traditions of each society in the majority of residential buildings. Masouleh holds very rich ornamentations that have been formed over many centuries. This research seeks to investigate and analyze the ornamentations of residential buildings in Masouleh. The aim of the research is to identify and classify the motifs and main themes of the architectural ornamentations of Masouleh buildings and answer the following questions: Do the architectural decorations of the residential building of Masouleh include several types in terms of motifs and ornamentations? What factors have been effective in the formation of the architectural ornamentations of residential buildings in Masouleh? The current research is based on field surveys, library studies and also descriptive-analytical methods. The findings of the research show that the decorations of Masouleh residential buildings are classified at the level of doors, arches, windows, fences, doorbell and electric meter covers, Evil eye inscriptions, plant decorations and Āina-kāri. Also, the results show that the main effective factors in the formation of the decoration of Masouleh residential building are to create and increase security (door), reduce structural pressure against wind and earthquake (arch), meet the needs of spatial lighting (window), increase safety, create green and seasonal spaces (fence), meet the needs of users in order to facilitate and increase the well-being of users in the contemporary era and remove the undesirable appearance of electric equipment (doorbell and meter cover), derived from religious and cultural beliefs (inscriptions), derived from people's interest in flowers and plants being influenced by the geography of Guilan province (plant decorations) and taken from the religious and ritual beliefs of the people of Masouleh.

The role of Dehyar's as village managers in how rural construction and physical development is one of the most important issues that can be ignored, can cause irreparable damage to rural programs. With the amendment of the Law on Councils in 2003 and the addition of paragraph 10 to Article 69 of the Islamic Councils, the case for creating buildings, facilities and land segregation within the legal limits of the village was assigned to the district administration and issuing permits to the district. Therefore, paying attention to Dehyaries in the rural environment and their role in realizing rural physical goals has become very important, so in this research, it has been tried to play a role in creating rural development by spatial analysis of the factors affecting the supervision of Dehyar's on rural constructions. The research method is applied and the study method is descriptive-analytical. The statistical population of the present study was the villages with 5th and 6th degree Dehyaries of Tuyserkan County, the number of which reached 16 villages. To assess the current situation, 220 questionnaires were completed by the villagers. Descriptive and inferential statistical methods and spatial analysis based on GIS and SPSS software were used to analyze the data. The findings of the research show that according to the value of the T statistic in all indicators equal to -13.480, it indicates that in the studied area, the supervision of villagers on rural constructions is not in a good condition. However, compliance with health principles and the licensing process are in a better condition than other indicators. So that according to the villagers, the health principles index with an average of 3.34 and the licensing process index with an average of 3.07 have the most importance, and the indicators of safety signs and warnings and cultural values with an average of 2.07 have the least importance. The analysis of structural equations also shows the high effect of social responsibility and compliance with environmental regulations and citizenship rights in the monitoring of villagers, and finally, the results of the spatial analysis of villages based on the amount of monitoring of constructions by villagers from the villagers' point of view also indicates that some villagers They have performed better than the studied villages.

Past architectures have undergone many tests in their physical structures and have reached stable combinations over the years. Among the climatic solutions of historical houses in interaction with nature, it has been harmonizing the form and the structure of architectural spaces. One of the main characteristics of native architecture in interaction with the natural environment is the components design , patterns and physical proportions based on environmental variables such as sunlight, seasons, etc.; In such a way that creating physical compatibility in historical houses with the natural environment, along with other considerations, guarantees less energy consumption and the benefit of environmental comfort. However, today to environmental problems, paying attention to climate-based characteristics has become more important; Therefore, it can provide specific standards in the process of modernizing and improving sustainability in future buildings. Meanwhile, the houses of the Safavid and Qajar era in Dezful city are valuable examples of architecture that have been well adapted to the special climatic conditions of Khuzestan. Based on this, in the current research, the identification of geometric patterns, proportionality and prevailing standards in the structures of the central courtyard, winter halls and seasonal rooms based on hot and humid climates is discussed. Also, the relationships of spaces are also studied based on physical characteristics; so that by comparing climatic criteria, a sustainable design pattern can be achieved based on structural patterns; Identified the most common spatial proportions in accordance with nature in this region; and used in accordance with today's needs.For this purpose, eleven residential buildings from the Safavid and Qajar eras were purposefully selected, which have gained significant prosperity in the city of Dezful. In the continuation of the investigation process of these houses, the data and information obtained from the study and field investigation were recorded in a table and with the help of calculation methods, logical reasoning of the data and their quantitative and qualitative analysis, a set of geometric proportions and spatial relationships were obtained. Finally, results were obtained that expressed the most common and practical dimensions, areas and geometric ratios and emphasized the relationship between spatial patterns and climatic and environmental data of hot and humid weather.