مجله دانشگاه علوم پزشکی رفسنجان
سال دوازدهم شماره 4 (پیاپی 51، تیر 1392)

Nicotine is one of the chemical substances with high level of toxicity. It crosses the placenta and accumulates in the developing organs of fetus. In this study، the effects of maternal nicotine exposure on fibronectin expression in the lungs of newborn mice were evaluated. Pregnant Balb/C mice were divided into 2 experimental and 2 control groups. The experimental group1، received 3 mg/kg intra peritoneal nicotine from day 7 of gestation to the last day of pregnancy. The experimental group 2 received the same amount of nicotine during the same gestational days as well as 2 first weeks after birth (lactation). The control groups received the same volume of normal saline during the same period s (n=6). At the end of exposure times، all of newborns were anesthetized and their lungs removed for histochemical and Immunohistochemical methods. Data were analyzed by student t-test and Mann-Whitney test. Our results indicated that ratios of lung weight and body weight in the offsprings born to the mothers with nicotine exposure compared to that of the control groups were significant. Histochemical study showed that pneumocytes type 1 differentiation and alveoli diameter were decreased in the experimental groups. Fibronectin immunoreactivity intensity was not similar in the different parts of the lungs including alveoli، bronchiole and small vessels. A significant increase in immunoreactivity showed that in alveoli experimental group 2، but in bronchioles and vessels of the experimental groups were decreased in contrast to the control groups (p<0. 05). These data also indicated that maternal nicotine exposure may induce abnormal fibronectin expression which might cause defects in lung function during life time.

Recently، vibration has been used widely as a rehabilitation intervention for neuro-musculo-skeletal disorders. As، the knee osteoarthritis (OA) is a common joint disorder among the people، this study was designed to investigate the effect of quadriceps local vibration on the symptoms of knee OA in the female patients.

This randomised clinical trial was done on 34 female patients with unilateral or bilateral tibiofemoral OA (62 knee)، who were randomly assigned to one of the vibration groups: (17 patients with 31 affected knee) or control (17 patients with 31 affected knee). The subjects in the control group received 15 sessions (5 weeks) conventional physiotherapy protocol، while the vibration group received the same conventional physiotherapy protocol plus local vibration training protocol over the quadriceps muscle of affected knee. Maximum torque of concentric contraction of quadriceps muscle at 30، 60 and 90 degree/sec، pain pressure threshold (PPT)، active knee flexion range of motion (ROM) and the amount of knee effusion were measured before and after intervention and also after 4 weeks of follow-up period.

After intervention، significant increase in the knee flexion ROM in the dominant lower limb (p=0. 016) and reduced pain perception in the right leg (p=0. 023) and in the left leg (p=0. 019) were seen in vibration group، compared to control group، while no significant difference was found between the experimental and control groups in term of maximum torque of quadriceps and knee effusion.

Local vibration over the quadriceps muscle may improve knee joint ROM and reduce pain in patients with knee OA، while، no beneficial effect was found on other knee OA symptoms such muscle weakness and knee effusion.

Group A Beta hemolytic streptococci (GABHS) is the most common bacterial cases of acute pharyngitis in school children. Diagnosis of the etiological agent and appropriate anibiotic therapy is important. The aim of this study was to determine the antibiotic resistance patterns of bacteria in asymptomatic carriers in secondary school pupils. In This cross sectional study، a total of 395 children were selected by random sampling from rafsanjan’s secondary school pupils in 2009. Throat-swab taken from each toncil and posttonsil fossases and we transferred it in Carry Blair to laboratory. speciemens were cultured immediately and antimicrobial resistance patterns were perfopmed by standard method and results classified to three groups as sensitive، semisensitive and resistant. data obtained were statistically analyzed by using k2. Our results showed the frequency of 1. 8% asymptomatic carrier among studied group. All isolates were resistance and semisensitive to penicillin although the susceptibility patterns of studied isolates were as follows: Tetracyclin %42. 8، Azithromycin %28. 6، Ampicillin and Erythromycin %14. 3. Since Data revealed the high resistance rate to penicillin. we recommended to educate about using willful of drug via mass media

Substance drug abuse and re-addiction is one of the most important problems in the community. The objectives of this study was to assess the viewpoints of care providers and self-reported substance drug addicts referring to centers for addiction treatment in Khoramabad about etiology of re-addiction. This study was conducted based on the results of a community assessment study. At the beginning، a focus group discussion (FGD) was held to determine health problems and priority by Hanlon method. Re-addiction was identified as the most important problem. After that، a cross-sectional study was performed on 200 substance drug addicts with a history of at least one relapse referring to centers for addiction treatment in Khoramabad in July 2010 and 24 health care providers in these centers. Data collection was performed by structured interview. Informed consent was obtained from all the patients. Easy access to substance drugs، unemployment and having addicted friends were said to be the major factors of re-addiction in addicts’ views. Health care providers'' views showed that having addicted friends، unemployment and emotional problems have the most important roles in re-addiction. Based on our findings، we suggest planning and intervening based on identified problems including easy access to substance drugs، unemployment and emotional problems. Further and more focused research with higher standards is needed to investigate applied methods in order to reduce re-addiction rate.

One of the main needs of the patients is receiving clear and adequate information. Nurses are often the first educator s to them. The present study has been designed to explore the barriers to patient education from the viewpoints of nurses and nurse managers in hospitals of Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences in 2008. In this descriptive cross - sectional study، 253 nurses and nurse managers were assasssed. Data was collected by two -part resaercher- made questionnaire include demographic characteristics of participants and barriers to patient education (27 phrases). Data were analyzed by SPSS software using descriptive statistical tests (such as frequency distribution، mean، SD) and independent t-test. Results indicated that there was no significant difference between total mean score of nurse managers and staff nurses about barriers of patient education including environmental factors، patient related factors، and nurse related factors (3. 98±0. 54 vs 3. 82±0. 56، 3. 50±0. 75 vs 3. 40±0. 69 and 3. 35±0. 98 vs 3. 10±0. 89). Viewpoint of participants were different about the «lack of planning of patient education as a routine duty (p = 0. 006) lack of educational materials» (p=0. 013) and «lack of patient knowledge about patient education as one of his/her rights» (p=0. 037) Regarding nurses and nurse managers beliefs about their educational role and in order to eliminate barriers to patient education measures such as adequate nursing staff، preparation of pamphlets and booklets for patient education، adequate budgeting for education and proper encourage ment means for nurses are essential.

Nosocomial infections are among the most important problems in the hospitals and awareness of their epidemiology helps the prevention and control of them. The aim of this study was to determine the epidemiology of one-year nosocomial infections in Kamkar ArabNia Hospital in Qom 2008. Census method was used in this descriptive study which was performed on 3000 patients in Kamkar Hospital during one year (2008). Data were collected by questionnaire adapted from Iranin Ministry of Health Deta were analyzed using descriptive statistics. Ninety two patients (3.06%) suffered from nosocomial infections. The most prevalent causes of nosocomial infections were pneumonia and urinary infections. The majority of cases had been hospitalized in ICU. The most prevalent germ was Entrobacter and Staphylococcus. The most aggressive actions (urinary and vein catheter) were related to the patients suffering from pneumonia and urinary infection. Nosocomial infections were not very prevalent in Kamkar hospital but preventive programs should be perform especially in ICU.

Nurses health، particularly their mental health as providers of care is effective in the quality of care of the patients. This study was carried out to evaluate the mental health of nurses in psychiatry and dialysis wards in Kashan University of Medical Sciences. In this cross-sectional study، all of the nurses in psychiatric and dialysis wards were evaluated in 2010 (N=47) Survey instruments were 2 questionnaires: 1. Demographic variables and 2. General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-28). Data were analyzed using Chi-square and Fisher''s exact tests. The mean age of the nurses was 33. 90+ 7. 29 years، 85. 1% were married، 68. 1% were females، and 59. 6% were employed in the psychiatric ward while 40. 4% were in the dialysis ward. Thirthy Eight point Three percent of the nurses did not have good mental health. Nurses who had over time work had less mental health (p=0. 017). Depression and hopelessness in psychiatric nurses were more than the dialysis nurses (P=0. 021). There was not a significant difference between shift work، employment status، work history، physical history، sex، and marital status with mental health. The results showed that considerable amount of nurses do not have adequate mental health. Specifically psychiatric ward nurses and nurses who work over time have more mental health problems; Further studies are recommended to investigate the effective causes of mental health problems of the nurses and prevention and treatment programs for mental disorders in these groups are needed.