نشریه دانشور پزشکی
پیاپی 103 (اسفند 1391)

The importance of psychological support for patients and families is indisputable. This study examined anxiety and its associated personal and social factors in family members of patients in Tehran. This cross-sectional study was conducted on family members of patients hospitalized in the intensive care unit. The standard STAI questionnaire was used to measure anxiety. Based on anxiety scores، participants were divided into two groups of more anxious and less anxious. The following items were studied: patient and his/her family member’s age and sex، marital status، occupational and educational and economical status of family member، cause and duration of hospitalization in intensive care unit، and previous experience of attendance of family member in intensive care unit. The collected data was analyzed using simple and multiple logistic regression models. A total number of 80 people with a mean age of 40. 99 (±8. 89) were involved in the study. Their mean anxiety score was 110. 05 ± 17. 81; there were 53 persons (66. 2%) and 27 persons (33. 8%) in two groups of more anxious and less anxious، respectively. It was found out that the two factors age of family member and being single are associated with the chance of being in more anxious group. Based on the observed association between anxiety and family members’ age and marital status، it is suggested that older and married members of the family provide support for patients.

Type 2 diabetes mellitus is characterized by a progressive decline in insulin action. Boswellia serrata administration during diabetes exerts beneficial effects in diabetic rats. The purpose of this study was to assess the effect of Boswellia serrata on blood glucose، insulin، insulin resistance index in type 2 diabetes patients. This clinical trial study was done on sixty patients، males and females in the age range of 30-48 years with type 2 diabetes. The patients were divided into 2 groups: 1. control group، 2. test group. Test group received Boswellia serrata (300 mg، three times daily for 6 weeks، chewing and packaged form) and control group received oral agents alone. Before and after 6-week treatment، blood samples were collected، Plasma was separated and frizzed at -20oC until measurement. The insulin levels and fasting blood glucose were measured and insulin resistance index was also calculated. The 6-week administration of Boswellia serrata significantly decreased blood glucose (173. 71±10 vs 147. 57±8 mg/dl، P<0. 01). Plasma insulin increased (13. 3±1. 5 vs 24. 54±3. 7 µIU/ml، p<0. 01). Insulin resistance index did not change in the test group، but insulin resistance index increased in control group (6. 7±1. 9 vs 15. 4±2. 3، p<0. 05). Insulin resistance index in test group decreased in comparison with control group (p<0. 05). The results of this study suggest that Boswellia serrata had probably anti-diabetic effect that is exerted through increasing insulin secretion and reduction of blood glucose in type 2 diabetes patients.

Due to contradictory effects of hormonal contraception products on the mental status، this study was done to identify the effects of these products on Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE) status. This study was a retrospective cohort one on 80 women that were divided into 2 groups. A group used only a form of hormonal contraception over the last 2 years (as exposure group). Another group had used non-hormonal contraceptive methods (as non-exposure group). The demographic information were collected. Then، MMSE test was done as double-blind and data were analaized. The average age of subjects in the groups of exposure and non-exposure was 30. 1± 3. 3 and 30. 5± 3. 8 years، respectively. The overall mean of MMSE test for exposure group was 25. 68 with a SEM of 0. 581 and for non-exposure group was 26. 7 with a SEM of 0. 341. The differences were not significant (p=0. 117). There were significant differnces between the two groups regarding recent memory، language functions، and the ability to visualize space. The results of this study showed that hormonal contraception products had significant effects on some parts of MMSE، but it seems to require more extensive studies with a longer duration.

Several lines of evidence show that high plasma level of homocysteine (Hcy) induces development or exacerbates Parkinson’s disease. B vitamins are necessary for Hcy metabolism and control plasma level of Hcy. In the present study، we studied the effect of B vitamin supplementation on the 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) -induced Parkinsonism in rat. Rats were nourished with B vitamin supplements from 1 month before the surgery till the end of experiment. 6-OHDA was injected into the striatum of rat brains by stereotaxic surgery. Development and severity of the Parkinsonism were assessed by three conventional behavioral tests. Serum level of Hcy was measured before the surgery and at the end of experiment. Supplement of B complex significantly attenuated behavioral symptoms of the Parkinsonism. Supplement of B6 improved rotational behavior of the rats but had no effect on the swing and rotarod tests. Supplements of B12 and combination of B6، B12 and folate had no remarkable effect. Supplements of B6، B12 and B complex decreased serum level of Hcy before the surgery. In the end of the experiment، however، there was no significant difference for serum level of Hcy between experimental groups. Our results indicate that high intake of B complex can provide anti-Parkinsonism effect which is not mediated by lowering plasma Hcy.

The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of aerobic training on β- endorphin level and perceived training exertion in addicted men. In this study، 20 addicted men aged 20-33 years old were randomly selected after a public call and were divided into drug supplement (n=10) and exercise-drug supplement (n=10) groups. While the first group had consumption of 10 milligram/day of methadone، the exercise-drug supplement group performed exercise training to intensity of 70-75 percent of VO2max for 20 sessions (5 sessions per week and for 45 to 55 minutes in each session) in addition to intervention of drug supplement group. Also، for checking of desired changes after intervention، blood samples were taken for survey of β-endorphin level and perceived training exertion was performed by Borg scale. Finally، SPSS software was used for data analysis at a significant level of p<0. 05. Statistical surveys showed that after intervention، level of β-endorphin significantly increased in both groups (p<0. 05). Also، perceived training exertion significantly decreased in exercise-drug supplement group (p=0. 002). In addition، in exercise-drug supplement group، there was a significant negative relationship between β-endorphin levels and perceived training exertion (p=0. 033). Considering the results of this study and existing literature، we can conclude that method of exercise-drug supplement is presumably a better one for treatment of addicted men in comparison with other interventions. It is also a good method for enhancement of endocrine system in addicted men. However، further research is needed to confirm available data.

Using 2 implants in edentulous lower jaw is a standard protocol treatment for improvement of prosthesis retention. Different attachments have been produced in factories. One of these attachments is locator that is now a famous clinical option. In this in vitro study، the effect of inter implant distance on retention in simulated function condition and on 2 brands including Dio and 3i is analyzed. In this study، 24 nylon inserts pairs were provided from dio and 3i system attachment. Then، 2 hollow blocks with parallel walls were constructed. Attachments splinted to analogue and assembly inserted in block with GC reline materials in 2 inter implant distances of 19 and 23 mm and parallelism has confirmed with jelenko surveyor. The samples were assembled in zwick jaws and every sample was loaded at 1440 cyclic loading from vertical. Data is measured at cycles of zero، 120، 360، 720، and 1440 with 34560 cyclic loading exerted. Data were analyzed with proper statistical tests. Results and The results were analyzed with one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA). It was found out that retention value in 23 mm distance was greater than 19 mm until 720 cycles and difference was significant but at 1440 cycles، there was no significant difference.

The people''s mental، intellectual and physical non-awareness for confrontation with earthquake results in disastrous outcomes. This research aimed to study the effect of training interference for confrontation with earthquake on representatives'' awareness of health-training centers in Eastern Tehran.

A semi-experimental research protocol was designed and executed in 2010 using questionnaire based on information of Crisis Management Organization. After experimental research as well as estimation of validity and reliability of questionnaire، samples size was determined. Then، the questionnaires were completed through questioning before and after training by 82 health representatives in the form of census at health-treatment centers of Eastern Tehran. Finally، after adding scores، data was analyzed by SPSS 11. 5 software، pair t-test، correlation and other necessary tests.

The mean age of the women surveyed volunteers were 43. 43±8. 51 years. In this study، the mean total score of the volunteers'' knowledge before and after training was 35. 15 ± 4. 3 and 43. 73±2. 91 out of 48، respectively. There was a significant difference between knowledge before and after training. Classes were the most important source of information.

Regarding training planned for groups such as volunteers of health centers that have more communication with other people، a lot of information and knowledge are to be increased.

Oral health is one of the most of public health issues that requires attention. Pregnant women are at high risk for dental care and need more attention. Therefor، the aim of this study was to assess the effect of educational intervention on knowledge and practice about prevention of dental decay in pregnant women in Arak. This study was a quasi-experimental study that was carried out on 130 pregnant women، selected with multi-stage sampling technique from health centers in Arak and divided into case and control groups (each group consisting of 65 women). Inclusion criteria was pregnant women with literacy، inhabitant in Arak city and informed to participation in this study. Data collection was done before intervention with questionnaire that was reliable and validity was based on knowledge، as well as their performance about oral health and a checklist for assessment of DMFT and plaque index (PI). The women of the case group participated in 7 educational sessions during two months of intervention and again three months after، data were recollected and analyzed with descriptive and analytical tests. The mean of age in case and control groups was 27. 1±3. 5 and 29. 8±4. 3 years and mean of DMFT was 5. 8±2. 2 and 5. 3±1. 8، respectively. Between the mean scores of knowledge، attitude and performance variables before and after intervention، there were a significant difference in the case group as compared to the control group (p<0. 05). There was also no significant relationship between DMFT before and after intervention (p>0. 05). Applying education is very effective for developing an educational program for oral health in pregnant women. Besides، such programs and follow up education on controlling and monitoring is highly recommended.

Health care and treatment processes cause many dangers for patients، increasing medical errors as one of its most important consequences. The present research has been conducted to decrease medical errors by investigating the role of reporting of medical errors in hospitals of Tehran University of Medical Sciences. In this quantitative-qualitative research، statistical population includes those related people and the practitioners engaged in medical errors a 13-member team in hospitals of Tehran University of Medical Sciences. The sample consisted of 232 employees that were non-randomly targeted and selected from these hospitals. An interview and a research-made questionnaire were used to collect data. The data was analyzed through factor analysis technique، once determining affecting factors; their internal correlation was determined using regression correlation and path analysis (Descriptive Statistics and Inferential Statistics). Selected individuals have pointed that medical errors reporting in medical settings does not affect error management (out 41. 05% of total variance of data). The most decisive power is related to reporting individual factors%32. 07 and the least decisive power %8/97، to the reporting organizational factors. Hospital administrators need to identify the related factors in medical errors reporting and remove obstacles in medical errors reporting as an effective step toward reducing the incidence of errors and remove them.