فصلنامه کومش
سال پانزدهم شماره 1 (پیاپی 49، پاییز 1392)

The electromagnetic frequencies that induced normally in human body، comprise from the action potentials of nerves، heart tissue and skeletal muscles، were categorized in the range of extremely low frequencies. With increase in developed devices that produced or induced electromagnetic fields، human anxiety about effects of these fields on normal or abnormal body cell proliferation was increased. Experiments provided on cells and tissues indicated that electromagnetic fields at different strengths and frequencies had altered effects on cell proliferation and differentiation. Thus، this systematic review analyzed different findings and focused on extremely low frequency electromagnetic field effects on cell proliferation. The observations reinforced pulsed extremely low frequency electromagnetic fields in frequencies between 15-60 Hz had more effects on cell proliferation and less effect on cell differentiation. This effect was related to multi- session irradiation or cells long term exposure. Extremely low frequency electromagnetic fields can use as a safe stimulator for cell proliferation and repair of tissue damages

Hematopoiesis is regulated by different microRNAs (miRNA). These small regulatory RNAs control hematopoiesis at different stages with changing in the expression of genes at post-transcriptional levels. Treatment of various diseases is increasing with using CD133+ hematopoietic cells isolated and in vitro expanded from the umbilical cord blood. This study was performed to show alteration of microRNAs levels involved in hematopoiesis in CD133+ hematopoietic cells isolated and invitro expanded from the umbilical cord blood. Umbilical cord blood CD133+ hematopoietic stem cells were isolated by MACS and then the cells confirmed and counted by using flowcytometery and finally were divided into two groups. In the first group RNA was extracted from the cells and the cells in the second group were cultured invitro for 12 days and then these cells were used to assess micoRNAs expression using qPCR real time. The results showed that from 23 microRNAs، expression of 11 microRNAs was the same in two groups whereas expression of 7 and 5 microRNAs were respectively increased and decreased following in vitro culture. Based on our results، in vitro expansion of the hematopoietic stem cells results in increased microRNAs levels which are responsible for differentiation and decreased microRNAs levels which are responsible for self- renewal.

Phytase is able to change phytic acid into the myo-inositiol and inorganic phosphate، so it has been used as a cereal food additive in monogastric animal’s food. The aim of this study was to eamine cloning، expression and culture optimization of gene encoding Aspergillus niger NRRL3135 phytase in Hansenula polymorpha host. In this study، in order to achieve high level production of protein، the sSequence of protein encoding fangal Aspergillus niger NRRL3135 phytase was designed according to the expression cod on usage of Hansenula polymorpha and transformation was done. The enzyme specific activity in different cultures was survived. The results in flask culture showed that the recombinant phytase production was 1185 U/L with 34. 84 U/mg specific activities in YNB-Methanol culture. Results indicate YP-methanol culture is the efficient culture to produce Aspergillus niger NRRL3135 phytase in Hansenula polymorpha as a host on industrial scale

Serum amyloid A (SAA) is an acute-phase protein، which is a clinically useful marker of inflammation and associates strongly with increased risk of cardiovascular events. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of resistance training with progressive load on serum levels of SAA and apolipoprotein A-I (apoA-I) in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Twenty four male Wister rats (292 ± 20g) were randomly divided into three groups: non-diabetic control، diabetic control، and diabetic training. The rats in diabetic training group were subjected to a resistance training program (3 days/wk، for 4 wk) consisted of climbing a ladder carrying a load suspended from the tail. Following four weeks resistance training serum lipid profile، glucose، SAA and apoA-I concentrations were measured. We did not find any significant difference in serum lipid profile between all groups. Serum levels of SAA and apoA-I were significantly higher in both diabetic groups compare with non-diabetic control group (respectively، P=0. 020 & P= 0. 001). After 4 weeks of resistance training serum apoA-I levels significantly increased compared with diabetic control group (P= 0. 035)، but we did not find any significant difference in SAA levels between diabetic groups. This study indicated that resistance training could increase serum apoA-I levels in diabetic rats without significant changes in lipid profile and SAA levels. These changes may mitigate the risk for atherosclerosis progression and its clinical consequences in diabetic conditions

In this study، we investigated the effects of 12 weeks of voluntary exercise on a running wheel and extraction of plant flowers Eriobotrya Japonica on dopamine and tyrosine hydroxylase in the striatum of Parkinsonian rats. Twenty four rats were divided into three groups: control، Parkinson and Parkinson + training and extract. To induce Parkinson، 250 mg/kg of 6-hydroxy dopamine (6-OHDA) (dissolved in saline) was administered into intracerebrovenricular by a stereotaxic apparatus. Training-extract group were housed in individual cages with attached running wheels and during study period received 200 mg/kg extract intraperitoneally three times per week. Tyrosine hydroxylase and dopamine levels in the striatum were measured by ELISA. Voluntary wheel running and extract significantly prevent the decrease of dopamine levels in Parkinsonian rats (P = 0. 001)، but tyrosine hydroxylase level did not change in training-extract group. Our findings show that pre-treatment with voluntary exercise and hydroalcoholic extractions of Eriobotrya Japonica have a protective role against 6-OHDA induced toxicity

Depression is one of the most common health problems in women، that it has the effects on the fetus growth beside on mother complications. The aim of this study was to determine the correlation between prenatal depression and delivery type and neonatal anthropometric indicators in women referring to Dezful (Iran) health centers in 2012. A prospective cohort study was carried out on pregnant women. Sampling using quato sampling was performed. In this study، 180 pregnant women with gestational age 34-36 weeks were divided into two groups، non depression (the control group) and depression (the case group). The research data were collected using demographical questionnaire، The Beck depression inventor، The Edinburgh postnatal pepression scale. The questionnaire was provided by content validity. That reliability was confirmed by test re-test. The results indicated that prenatal depression increase likelihood of cesarean delivery 2. 3 time more and there was significant difference between the two groups (p<0. 001). This study showed likelihood of low birth weight in the case group was 3. 1 times more compared to mothers with the control group. Furthermore، the control group showed a significant increase in mean of birth weight، head circumference، apgar score in one minute (> 6) at neonatal compared with the case group (p<0. 001). Due to negative effects of depression on maternal and neonatal outcomes، gestational period is an opportunity for screening، counseling and training to reduce depression in pregnancy.

Coronary artery disease is known as the main reasons of the mortality. According to the study and evaluating symptoms based on the risk factors، it is crtical to prevent the waste of time during the triage. The present study was done for the purpose of investigating the relationship between risk factors and the segment ST changes with the symptoms of acute coronary syndrome. In this cross-sectional descriptive study، 294 patients in Amol (Iran) hospital CCU ward، with the diagnosis of acute coronary syndrome who had survived at least 24 hours after the admission were investigated. Data were gathered and analyzed by the use of the questionnaire which included the demographic information form، symptom check list and some risk factors. There was a significant difference between the ST elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) with vomiting (OR= 1. 94) and anxiety (OR = 1. 82) and UA with vomiting (OR = 0. 42). There also was a significant relationship between the gender with the weakness (OR = 2. 29) and anxiety ((OR = 1. 82)، diabetes with dyspnea (OR = 1. 8)، weakness (OR = 1. 02) and tinnitus (OR = 2. 49). There are many various types of heart attack and the precise knowledge of these varieties in different subgroups of the patients and also different types of heart attack will certainly help the specialists and doctors. The results of this study might be able to clarify some part of this complicating connections and it can also give contribution to the specialists in order to make good recognition in addition of making some questions for the researches who are looking for the cause of such different symptoms in the patients

Post operative nausea and vomiting (PONV) are one of the most common complications after surgery. One possible way for the solution of this problem is using a suitable drug for anesthesia. Propofol decreases the rate of PONV. As we know، no study used propofol as a single drug for general anesthesia. Thus، the aim of this study was to compare the incidence of PONV following anesthesia induction and maintenance by propofol with anesthesia induction by propofol and maintenance by isoflurane. In this clinical trial، 196 patients with ASA (American Society of Anesthesiologists) class I and II aged from 16 to 65 years old who were candidates for general، orthopedic and urology surgeries were chosen. The patients were randomly divided into two 98 person groups. In group A، propofol was used for induction and maintenance of anesthesia and in group B propofol and isoflurane were used for induction and maintenance of anesthesia، respectively. The incidence of PONV was recorded at 1 and 6 hours after the surgery. The incidence of PONV in group A (propofol) was significantly lower than group B (propofol + isoflurane) in the first six hours after surgery. Our findings show that in comparison with propofol + isoflurane، using propofol for both induction and maintenance of anesthesia significantly decrease the incidence of PONV after general، orthopedic and urology surgeries.

Auditory neuropathy spectrum disorder (ANSD) is a pattern of hearing loss characterized by preservation of outer hair cell function despite severe damage or absent brainstem auditory evoked responses. Management of children with ANSD is debatable. The purposes of the current study were to compare the effect of cochlear implantation on these developmental skills of children with and without ANSD and to investigate the age of cochlear implant reception on language (receptive and expressive) and speech skills of children.

This cross-sectional analytic study was conducted between eight cochlear implanted children with ANSD and eight match children with profound sensory-neural hearing loss (SNHL). Newsha developmental scale was used to evaluate three investigated skills.

Significant correlation was shown between the age of hearing loss diagnosis and the score levels in three developmental skills (p < 0. 012). All children were lingered in the investigated skills compared to normal hearing children; however، there was no significant difference between the cochlear implanted children with and without ANSD (p ≥ 0. 636).

The receptive language، expressive language and speech skills of children with ANSD and their matches were the same. It seems that cochlear implantation can be considered as an appropriate approach in the management of these children، especially at lower ages.

Anterior knee pain (AKP) is one of the common problems in active people specially، women. One of the consequences of this impairment is its effects on postural control which include static postural stability to dynamic activities. The aim of this study was to compare functions of patients with AKP according to different levels of sensory information and perturbation and the study of the interactions between these factors. A case – control study was performed on two groups of 30 (18-35 years) healthy subjects and AKP patients. Balance was evaluated in two different occasions; standing on the affected limb on two different unstable levels of Biodex stability system with eyes open and eyes closed. Total stability index and percent maintaining in zone A were evaluated for postural control. Multiple analyses of variance showed that the main effects of health status (p=0. 04)، base of support (P = 0. 000) and visual information (P = 0. 000) and the interaction between visual information and base of support (P = 0. 002) on total stability index were significant. The result of this study emphasizes the importance of properioception and visual information on the maintenance of dynamic balance. The dependence of both studied groups on visual information in the difficult levels of postural task was another finding of this study

Pilonidal sinuses typically occur in the sacrococcygeal skin of young adults and its treatment is surgery. The most common methods are excision with or without primary closure procedures. Considering that the recent researches have shown different results، we have compared the recurrence rate of pilonidal sinus using the 2 methods.

The study was studied on 250 patients، who had gone under pilonidal sinus surgery for the first time at least 5 months ago. Recurrence rate and signs of recovery were studied. Patients with experience a painful period until 5 months after the surgery were excluded. Finally، 123 patients with open surgery and 127 with closed surgery were included.

Recurrence rate was 9. 8% (12 cases) in open surgery and 11% (14 cases) in closed surgery. Probability of non- recurrence after 1،2 and 5 years were 99%، 95% and 91% after open surgery and 97%، 94% and 87% after closed surgery respectively. Type of surgery has no affect on pilonidal sinuses recurrence.

Findings showed that there was not significant difference in the recurrence rate of pilonidal sinus after excision between with and without primary closure procedures. Regarding to less complication، excision and primary closure، as a preferred procedure in the management of pilonidal sinus disease، is recommended.

Skin cancer is one of the most prevalent cancers in the world and is known as the first or second common malignancy in different parts of Iran. According to preventable nature of most types of skin cancers and because of the lack of data about this cancer in Khuzestan province، this study was done to evaluate the frequency of skin cancers in the southwest of Iran and its relationship to sun exposure. Data of demographic characteristics such as age، gender، type of cancer and its body location was extracted from pathologically confirmed Khuzestan Cancer Center which was during Mars2009-Mars 2010. From 5201 of cancers recorded، 602 were of skin cancers (mean of age: 61y/o). All types of skin cancers were higher in men (n = 348، 56. 8%، P = 0. 03) and 40 years and older (P <0. 001). Basal cell carcinoma (BCC) was seen in 424 patients (70. 4%)، squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) in 85 patients، and malignant melanoma in 22، and other skin cancers in 71 patients. Skin cancer type was statistically correlated to skin''s topography and sunlightexposure (SCC and BCC were higher in sun-exposed areas (P<0. 001). According to Khuzestan''s geographic location، most days are sunny، and most of the peoplework outdoor (farmers or petroleum workers) and because of the great role of sunlight in skin cancer، we suggest more educational programs regarding using sun screens، sunglasses، suitable hats and cloths and avoiding from sun-exposure when direct sunlight is expected

Regular physical conditionings are related to decrease dyspnea، respiratory symptoms and exercise capacity especially in patients with obstructive pulmonary disease. Accordingly، this study was conducted to determine the effectiveness of exercise by upper and lower extremities and their combinationon improving pulmonary function and exercise capacity in asthmatic patients as well. 36 men (18-26 years old) referring to sports physiological laboratory in Shahid Chamran University (Ahwaz، Iraan) were randomly divided into three groups with 12 subjects. Life quality questionary، Pulmonary and ventilatory function (by spirometery and gas analyzer) and exercise capacity (by Bicycleergometer) before and after eight weeks training program measured. After eight week performed training program، forced vital capacity (FVC)، forced expiratory volume in 1s (FEV1) and maximum voluntary ventilation (MVV) indices increased significantly after performing upper and combining training program. Furthermore، after eight week performed training program tidal volume (VT)، oxygen uptake (VO2) and partial end-tidal O2 (PETO2) demonstrated significant increases in three groups (all، P<0. 05) compared with pre-training. Important ratio of VE/MVV، that represents shortness of breath induced exercise، indicated significant decrease after eight weeks training program. Significant improvement in quality of life (QOL questionnaire based on St George) was observed in three groups as well. It seems that physical activity with upper and lower exterimities and their combination improves pulmonary and ventilatory functions and exercise capacity and life qualify in mild asthmatic patients. Hence، the using of three types of exercise programs by upper abd lower extremities and their combination (preferably upper limb program and combination of upper and lower extremity program due to a significant change in FEV1) is recommended as a complementary treatment method along with medication to improve respiratory problems in patients with mild asthma

Concomitant with aging the amount of myostatin، as most important negative regulator of muscular mass، increases. Presumably، this issue has correlation with decrement of muscular mass and muscular strength. On the other hand، the response of this protein to resistance exercise in these people is not perfectly clear. Therefore، the aim of this study was to investigative the relationship between plasma myostatin with muscular volume and muscular maximal strength and it’s response to acute resistance exercise in elderly. 12 healthy old men participated in this study (60-75 years old age). 72 hours after the determination of muscular volume and muscular maximal strength، subjects participated in acute resistance exercise. Three blood samples were collected immediately before، and 4 hours after the exercise from antecubital vein. Plasma myostatin measured by ELISA methods. There was a significant correlation between muscular mass and muscular strength with plasma myostatin in older men (P<0. 05). Immediately and 4 hours after the resistance exercise the amount of myostatin significantly decreased (P<0. 05). Furthermore، the amount of myostatin 4 hours after the exercise showed a non-significant decrease as compared to immediately after the exercise. Our findings indicate that the increment of myostatin is along with decrement of muscular mass and strength in elderly. On the other hand، resistance exercise can decrease the plasma myostatin. This may decrease the prevalence of age-related muscular atrophy (sarcopenia) in the elderly

Childhood obesity and chronic functional constipation (CFC) are common public health problems. This study was designed to compare the prevalence of obesity in children with and without CFC. All children referred with constipation (2009-2010) were evaluated، and were enrolled if they were diagnosed as CFC. Children with mild illnesses، but without GI problem، were selected as controls. Their age and sex matched. Data about age، sex، weight، height، body mass index (BMI)، duration of breast feeding، duration of constipation، incontinence، daily consumption of fiber and dairy products، daily activity، and family history of CFC were recorded for both groups. 208 constipated children (51% male; mean age: 4. 73 yr) and 208 healthy controls were enrolled. 19. 7% of patients and 17. 8% of controls (P>0. 05) were obese (BMI>95%). Patients had: less average (>2 hr) daily activity (80. 3% vs. 95. 2%; P<0. 001); shorter period of breast feeding (16. 3 mo. vs. 18. 24 mo.; P≈0. 017) and more frequently diet with inadequate fiber (58. 7% vs. 28. 8%; P<0. 001). There was no difference for dairy consumption (P≈0/94). Family history of CFC found to be more in patients (28. 8% vs. 8. 2%; P<0. 001). In patient group، mean duration of constipation was longer in obese subjects (in comparison to non-obese ones; 31. 4 mo. vs. 21 mo.; P<0. 01). Although the prevalence of obesity in children with CFC was similar to healthy age matched population، they were differed by duration of breastfeeding، average daily fiber consumption، average daily physical activity and family history of constipation.

Current evidence suggests that periodontitis would be associated with some systemic condition including body fat content. The aim of this study was to evaluate the relation between body mass index (BMI) and severity of periodontitis. In this cross-sectional study 360 diabetes free individuals attended to the department of Hamadan (Iran) periodontology during 22 November 2011 to 21 January 2012 were conducted. Body Mass Index (BMI)، waist circumference (WC) and periodontal examination were performed for all participants. BMI was 24. 17±1. 68، 25. 60 ± 2. 07، 28. 50 ±1. 55، and 29. 65± 2. 66 in health، gingivitis، mild and server periodontitis respectively. It was significantly different according to the periodontuim inflammation (p<0. 001). WC was 73. 25±6. 75، 78. 45 ± 7. 68، 93. 59± 7. 84 and 100. 36 ± 7. 59 in health، gingivitis، mild and server periodontitis which was significantly different (p<0. 001). According to the results of the present study BMI and WC values in adult are significantly related to the severity of periodontitis.

Traumatic hip dislocation is an uncommon injury in children and consists of less than 5% of their dislocations; but it’s one of the real orthopedic urgency. Its mechanism is low energy trauma in below 6 years old and high energy trauma above it. One of the common associated complications with hip dislocation is posterior wall injuries but column fractures are very rare. We reported an uncommon case of posterior hip dislocation with simultaneous subtrochanteric fracture and anterior column fracture، in which close reduction was impossible. Because of sever associated injuries surgery was done with 48 hours delay including open reduction of dislocation and fracture، and internally fixation of the subtrochanteric fracture with 3. 5mm locked plate. In 6 month follow up that was done in ICU، range of motion and stability was good and union sign was visible on radiography. After 15 months the patient general conditions was good and no sign of avascular necrosis was seen

Marshall syndrome includes periodic fever، aphthus ulcer، pharyngitis and adenitis. This syndrome is known by recurrent fever and pharyngitis. General lymphadenopathy is not common. The etiology is still unknown. Disease onset is unually before the age of 5 years and generally resolves by adolescence. During acute episodes white blood cell and erythrocyte sedimentation rate are elevated. Fever lasts 3-6 days with a recurrence of symptoms every 3-8 weeks. Laboratory findings are normal until the next bout of fever. The acute febrile symptomatic episodes can be treated by single doses of prednisolone (1 to 2 mg/kg). In the past cimetidine was used for the treatment of disease. Also colchicine was used for prophylaxis of fever attack. There is controversy about tonsillectomy in the treatment of this syndrome. The disease is self limiting and usually resolved without sequelae. This case report is about a 28 year old lady with periodic fever and chills، pharyngitis and oral aphthus since 6 month prior to admission with diagnosis of Marshall syndrome. Symptoms were resolved dramatically after single dose of prednisolon. In the next attacks of fever، treatment was done with the same drug. This report is important because this syndrome is rare and due to unresponsive to current medication، its diagnosis is necessary.