فصلنامه پژوهشگران فرهنگ
پیاپی 31 (پاییز و زمستان 1391)

Sociological and anthropological studies done on different ethnicities in Iran reflect that the prominent social atmosphere in different periods of time has been a religious atmosphere and the actual representation can be explicitly found in religious rituals and ceremonies specially that of ceremonies held on mourning related to the martyrs of karbala in moharram. In these ceremonies, mourning teams play an important role and function in formulation and participation of peoples activities. Each team holds its mourning in its own way and style reflecting the ethnic historical memory of the holder. This paper investigates and depicts the relation between some cultural and dramatic expositions of Abbasi mourning team(shroud wearing team) of Dasht-e-khak and people’s mass memory together with some religious and mystical concepts. While depicting this relation, some unknown corners of symbolism in formulation of mourning on Seyyed-o-shohada are shed in light and discovered.

Shahid Mostafa Chamran, one of the mystic commanders of the Holy Defense era, had a multi- dimensional character in different fields of policy, fight, religion, and writing. He has proved his resistance in the fronts of war and science during his proud life. Most of his works about different sciences and subjects has been published in which because of the special literary features, Shahid Chamran’s worships has been selected. By experiencing the degrees of path to God he creates an elegant and fluent prose which is impressive, famous and is not imitative at all because it benefits by several literary values such as plain locution, honesty in writing autobiographies, harmony, flourish and nature aesthetics. This article studies Shahid Chamran’s worships in three axis of ideology, eloquence, syntactic style and exposes some of these works to judge and emphasizes different exterior and interior manifestations of the language according to the quality of sentences in his worships which are the reflection of his spiritual viewpoint and experiment.

Study about social aspects of history is a subject which has net been considered so much in our country. In the last years personal diaries, political narrations and events such as the nationalization of the oil industry, biography of prominent politicians such as Amir Kabir are yet the most famous historical studies and has not been considered so much to the rational, economic and cultural history and generally to the social history. One of these subjects is the social condition of women (trafficking of peasants, women and girls). In this article the main subject is girls trafficking in Sistan and Kerman in 1335 A.H means eleven years after the issue of Constitutional system. The purpose of this research is to study the causes of this phenomenon and the reasons of its happening and consider the documents which are achieved from the archives of National Library and Archives of Iran related to the selling of girls and its reasons on the threshold of Constitutional Revolution. The research method is descriptive-analytic and based on searching documents by library sources.

Some preschool centers have been established to enrich cognitive and social growth in childhood. The purpose of the present research is to study the effect of preschool education on academic achievement and social growth of primary school children. Thus the research questions were does receiving preschool education significantly affect academic success and socialization of children in primary school? And is there any difference between boy and girl students of under developed and developed regions? The study was an ex-post facto study. The population for the study includes all the primary schoolchildren in Kerman province, who started grade 1 in 1384. The sample taken by multi- stage cluster sampling includes 360 students. Wineland’s social scale was used to gather the data regarding the degree of social growth and educational record was used to get some information on academic achievement of the students. Independent sample T-test and ANOVA were run to analyze the data. The results showed that academic achievement and social growth of the students attended preschool significantly exceeded that of those not attend preschool. No significant difference was found between boy and girl students attended preschool; But academic achievement of children attended preschool in different regions with different facilities showed a significant difference.

The aim of the present research is to studyFarabi's political views in the fields of civil society and its denotations in citizenship training. The research method is qualitative. For attaining the research purpose it has been used documentary and analytic methods. In this research among constant study first the data has been categorized, the mentioned categories has been codified, classified, compared and then analyzed. As he likens the civil society to a living entity, Farabi believes the members of the civil society have a particular role such as the members of human body. In his viewpoint the civil society is utopia in which the life coincides with an extreme salvation. He has described utopia and also those societies which are against it and based on idle thoughts such as Ignorant society, Paramour, Changed and Misled. In Farabi's viewpoint a civil man can create the utopian or dystopian societies by choice. Civil men in utopian society demand a real prosperity and also civil and human values, manners and perfection. Also, the civil men of utopian societies demand a conjectural prosperity and in Farabi' sview point it means profit, comfort, pleasure and… Which causes the discussion of civil training. In his viewpoint civil training raises the skills development and necessary abilities in citizens and then creates and strengthens the basis of utopia and being celestial and achieving a clear conscience. By his viewpoints about civil training it is concluded some principles such as maintaining the unanimity of utopia, affection, justice, legitimacy and wisdom.

Religion is one of the effective social factors on language. In fact, language reflects the amount of bounding to religion. The purpose of this study is to investigate the reflection of the mentioned factor in verbal characteristics of speakers in Kerman. The Data were gathered among literature, especially folk literature included proverbs and lullabies belonged to this region, and also were collected via authors’ observations which were then were analyzed. Results show that emanation of religion is observed in verbal areas of folk literature like lullabies and proverbs; folklore phrases like swears, curses, blessings; and expressions written backside of vehicles; as well as area of names. In expressions including religious terms, the main considered sense relations are synonyms, semantic opposition, collocations and meronymy. In addition, besides transparent formations, opaque formations including religious terms are used significantly, too.

Thought and wisdom has always been emphasized in religious courses and many verses of the reason and prudence concepts invite human to thought and gimmick. Teaching students of speculate skill and critical thought, as one of the basic skills, primordial acceptance and learning moral and civil values is vital function in every education system. Critical thinking as a part of high level of thinking skills is a type of reflecting and sensible thinking which is effective on making decision. Similar to the basis of critical thinking there are different opinions about teaching; It is due to the lack of experimental findings which are not significantly defensible. Utilizing of aggregation methods such as written assignments, simulations, thinking about thinking, conceptual and mind maps, computer assisted instruction, group discussion and problem-based learning can be effective educational approaches for students and should be considered in context.

Sixth century can be considered as the period of Arabic literature influence on Persian language. Maybe because of knowing Arabic spread among the educated class, the influence of Islam and the development of religious schools, and also interest in Arabic literature and attention to Quran style which is the source of eloquence in Arabic literature are the main reasons of its emergence in the Persian works. Among Persian texts, from the view point of abundance, diversity and also the spiritual and literal relationships, Arabic language has appeared mostly in historical texts. Taj-al-Zaman Afzal-al-Din Ahmad-ebne-Hamed Kermani Kuhbanani, one of the great writers and historians of the sixth century and the early days of the seventh century, is among those authors who have written their works in literary prose style and under the influence of gloating atmosphere of knowing Arabic which included the texts of that age. This article tries to analyze the emergence of Arabic language in the sixth century prose; Then among presenting a division, expresses the related cases in Afzal-al-Din Kermani’s works.

In the beginning the Islam insight located the mosque as an important element and the religious and political center in the heart of the city; and the Friday mosque became one of the main parts of the social system. The belief of having a particular structure as a place of worship and the center of civil activities had a deep effect on scheme and design of the cities both in the Islamic period and before that. So the neighborhoods of cities in Islamic period have made a close relation with Friday mosque in a unique context because each neighborhood has several mosques in which one of them is more important and take more functions and activities than the others. The present article studies the role and function of mosques in the old neighborhoods of Kerman city and investigates their trend during the time. The research method is descriptive-analytic which has been prepared by applying the present sources and studying the mentioned data. The results show that in past the function of mosques was mainly religious and the union center of the neighborhood but today their cultural and social role has been increased; Finally some techniques have been presented to optimize their function.

The present research studies the position of Kerman area in Iran during the reign of Mozafarids and the Constitutional era about a century (lunar year) ago. It is based on a survey of newspapers of the time such as Vaght, Ettela, Kashkool, Asr_eJadid, etc, kept at the center for Kerman Documents and it has been examined the condition of Kerman in different aspects and analyzed the news of that time about condition of Kerman province in different aspects of security, economic, health, political, social and cultural. It was concluded that, despite the abundance of human and natural resources, Kerman has encountered many problems such as natural disasters, tyranny, and riot due to the negligence of the governments of the time.