نشریه پژوهش های روابط بین الملل
سال دوم شماره 4 (پیاپی 6، زمستان 1391)

A close look at prevailing theories in the field of international relations will lead every informed observer on global politics to the fact that the theories have been proposed according to the outlook of great powers toward international politics. The existing inequality in international relations has influenced theorizing the field. Major theories in the field of international relations have been drafted on the interests of major powers rather than explaining realities of the world and addressing concerns of a considerable section of active states in the international arena. These theories lack the capacity to explain major issues of the international field such as the origin of existing conflicts in the international system and the relation between certain parameters of domestic and foreign behavior of majority of members under war and peace factors. Therefore, it is required that simultaneous with reconsidering the issues in prevailing theories of the field of international relations, i.e. neorealism and neoliberalism, steps are taken to introduce new theories based on a comprehensive perspective and or minor paradigms based on a limited viewpoint so that defects are removed. This article attempts to introduce current deficiencies in the major theories of international relations and explain the reasons behind their inefficiency in terms of epistemology and justification of war as well as peace at the international level.

The 1979 Islamic Revolution in Iran has had an enormous and substantial influence at regional and international levels. This paper studies impact of the Islamic Revolution on the United States of America as a global superpower and the Islamic Republic's main adversary. The research hypothesizes that the revolution has had an increasing bearing on the US politics and government, and that despite limitations and barriers, it has had a supporting effect on Muslims, Shiites and some American intellectuals. Consolidation of Islamic behaviors and sensitivities, growth of tendency to Islam and Shia beliefs, and increase of political demands of Muslims and institutions that are in harmony with the Islamic Revolution are manifestations of such impacts.

9International organizations are considered one of the most important elements of maintaining international peace and security. After formation of such organizations, international cooperation has expanded. Today, the field of international relations includes not only countries, but also many international and regional organizations such as European Union, African Union, Organization of American States (Pan American), etc. Regional organizations are undeniable facts in politics and international relations. Almost all countries are member of one regional organization. Such organizations have been formed by governments and the United Nations to maintain international peace and...

Energy is one of the most crucial and determining variables in relations among nation-states in a way that energy concern is their very important foreign policy consideration. The Russia-EU relations and their cooperation in the field of energy is a clear example in this regard. Increasing needs of EU to import energy on the one hand, and energy resources of Russia which need to be exported to make foreign income for the country on the other hand, have become the cornerstone of Russia-EU relations. The main argument of the article is that in the past two decades despite of some temporarily short-term tensions in the Russia-EU relations, their general long-term energy cooperation has been strengthening. In other words, we are witnessing a kind of preliminary interdependency between Russia and EU in the field of energy cooperation. The article tries to show the basis of this interdependency.

Arbitration is a way out which is increasingly drawing attention in international trade disputes. It has features which are absent in court procedures, one of which is confidentiality of arbitration proceedings. There are various opposing views about this principle, but most of international rules have clearly endorsed the principle of trade arbitration. Because in intellectual property disputes the necessity of arbitration confidentiality is more significant, the World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO) has laid down special regulations in its arbitration section. In this article, first we review cons and pros of the principle. Next, we will see what civil and international laws have stipulated in this regard. Finally, WIPO rules and regulation are discussed.

Strategic location, import-oriented and military market as well as massive oil and gas resources are the most important reasons for the geopolitical significance of the Persian Gulf region. It is the crossroad of Europe, Asia and Africa and is home to about 65 percent of the world's oil reserves. Increasing need of industrial countries to energy, notably oil, has kept the region in the center of attention of great powers. The European Union is one the most important energy consumption blocks which is following the policy of diversifying its energy sources because of existing challenges in the field of oil and gas. The Persian Gulf region is among these sources.The present study reviews Europe's energy policies as well as regional relations of the union with the region. It hypothesizes that despite increasing international energy security challenges, (rising prices and intensified competition over resources with the presence of energy-hungry countries such as China and India), oil and gas resources of the Persian Gulf are considered for diversifying Europe's energy sources.