نشریه ارمغان دانش
سال هجدهم شماره 6 (پیاپی 78، مهر 1392)

Magnesium injection delays postoperative pain and hospital discharge. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of magnesium-sulfate infusion on postoperative pain in patients undergoing inguinal hernia surgery under general anesthesia. In the present clinical-trial study، 30 patients undergoing surgery Hernia Unilateral were randomly divided into two equal groups of treatment (infusion of magnesium sulfate 40 mg/kg and then 15 mg /kg/ hr during surgery and for 20 minutes afterwards and control (infusion of isotonic normal saline at the same condition). After surgery، postoperative pain was assessed using visual analogue scale (VAS) at 30 min، 2 h، 6، 12 and 24 after cessation of the infusion. The amount of analgesic consumption، vital signs and adverse events were investigated. Data were analyzed by chi-square and ANOVA. VAS scores at 30 minutes، 2 hours، 6، 12 and 24 hrs postoperative and meperidine consumption in the magnesium sulfate group were significantly lower than the control group (P<0. 05). Magnesium sulfate can successfully reduce the postoperative pain and narcotic consumption after surgery without any side effects after surgery.

Pain and limited range of motion (ROM) are the crucial subsequent results of joint hemorrhages in patients suffering from hemophilia. Different training protocols designed to treat these patients are of great importance. The purpose of this study was to compare the effects of drought and water therapy on pain and range of motion of the knee in hemophilia patients. In this present clinical-trial study، 40 patients with hemophilia type A were randomly divided into three groups: exercise therapy on land، hydrotherapy، and control groups. The first two groups attended their special exercises on three days within 4 weeks، but the control group were only subjected to their daily life activities. Experimental pain، flexion and knee extension were measured using a visual analogue scale (VAS) and standard Goniometer at the beginning and after the intervention. Data were analyzed by ANOVA and Scheffe’s test (P<0. 05). Both experimental groups exhibited significant reduction of pain along with improved knee flexion and extension compared with the control group (P<0. 001). Pain reduction in subjects treated in water treatment was significantly higher than exercise group in drought (P<0. 001)، but no significant changes was seen in flexion and knee extension of the two exercise groups (P>0. 05). The use of therapeutic exercise in water with regular exercise rehabilitation for patients with hemophilia can be helpful to reduce pain and improve range of motion in hemophilia patients. The effect of exercise therapy on pain reduction is more effective compared to traditional pain therapy.

Previous research confirmed the effects of ethanol and aqueous seed extracts on female reproductive system. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of alcohol extract of ether and aqueous fractions of dill seed histomorphometric changes in sex hormones and the reproductive system of female rats. The present experimental study was conducted on 35 female rats that were in estrus phase. Rats were divided into 5 groups، the control، low dose and high-ether fraction of aqueous extract 0. 5 and 5 g/kg and fractions with high and low doses of alcohol0. 045 and 0. 45 g/ kg respectively. The experimental group received 1 ml of mentioned dose and the control group received 1 ml distilled water daily for a period of 10 days. At the end of the experiment، the rats in the estrus phase were anesthetized and blood samples were taken from the dorsal aorta for more investigations. Ovaries and uterus tissue sections were prepared and stained with hematoxylin - eosin and Masson tri-chrome for morphometry by light microscopy. Levels of progesterone and estradiol levels were measured by radioimmunoassay and ELISA. Data were analyzed by one-way ANOVA. Serum levels of progesterone and estradiol groups showed no significant difference between the experimental and the control group (P>0. 05). In addition، the endometrial and myometrial thickness of uterus statistically decreased in high dose of etheric fraction of the aqueous extract (P<0. 05). Oral administration of ether fraction of aqueous and alcoholic extracts of plant seeds will not be able to hormonal changes، as well as the other hormone-related variable

Diabetes is a common disease which is characterized by hyperglycemia and the increase of protein glycation. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of aspirin-induced damage in human hemoglobin in diabetic glycation. In this study، hemoglobin extracted from the blood of healthy individuals was incubated in the presence and absence of glucose and aspirin for 5 weeks. The rate of haem glycotation was determined in different conditions by studding products of Heam degradation، sort-band shifting and febrile state. Data were analyzed using One-Way analysis of Variance and Tukey’s test. In the presence of aspirin، the amount of glycation reduced 50%. Furthermore، studies using band-shift sorting and febrile status indicated significant reduce in the amount of protein glycation in the presence of Aspirin. Aspirin reduces extent of glycation when hemoglobin is incubated in the presence of glucose. Likely، aspirin exerts its effect by acetylating amine groups in proteins.

In pregnant women، maternal diabetes occurs when the pancreas does not produce enough insulin، so glucose increases in the mother''s blood and the blood of the fetus; therefore causing many complications in children. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of cinnamon on morphometric histologic changes on fetal cerebellum of diabetic rats at days 18 and 20. In this study، 32 healthy female Wistar rats were prepared and randomly divided into four groups، normal control، diabetic، healthy subjects treated with cinnamon and cinnamon extract-treated diabetic groups. Diabetic groups were subjected by intraperitoneal of streptozotocin. All groups were charged with natural mating and they received a dose of 60 mg/ kg of cinnamon at the first day off pregnancy. After formation of the nervous system، in the eighteenth and twentieth day of pregnancy، the mother of the four mice were anesthetized and the fetus was removed for sampling. The histological slides were prepared and various parameters were studied in the cerebellum. Data were analyzed using one-way ANOVA and Duncan test. The thickness of gray matter، and the gray matter white cells in the cerebellum of diabetic rats compared to other groups tested at days of18 and 20 and embryonic cells in the white matter of the cerebellum at day 18 was significantly decreased (p< 0. 05). Administration of cinnamon extract reduces mothers’ blood sugar levels; therefore preventing the complications of diabetes on the fetal cerebellum.

Dysmenorrhea، menstrual cramps without physical pain is a common complaint in gynecology. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of aerobic training on primary Dysmenorrhea in a period of 8 weeks. In the present clinical-trial study، 60 non-athlete girls with primary Dysmenorrhea were randomly divided into three groups: aerobic training، yoga and control groups. Based on the visual analog scale of pain intensity، pain duration and amount of analgesics administered was assessed before and after the period of primary Dysmenorrhea using a questionnaire. In this eight-week exercise program، the aerobic exercises group for 60 minutes in three weeks and yoga exercises group in three sessions per week for 60 minutes، the yoga breathing techniques، exercises، asana and relaxation techniques were performed. There was no intervention in the control group. Data were analyzed by Wilcoxon، Kruskal-Wallis and Mann Whitney (p<=0/05). Both aerobic exercise and yoga significantly reduced pain intensity، duration of pain and reduction of drug compared to the control group (p=0/010). No significant differences between aerobic and yoga with the pain and duration of pain was found (p>0. 05). There was a significant decrease in the analgesic consumption in the yoga group compared to the exercise group (p<0/05). Both aerobic and yoga are effective in the treatment of primary Dysmenorrhea، but yoga has a greater reduction property on drug dosage.

Diabetes is a metabolic disorder resulting from defects in insulin secretion and function. In the current study we checked the Hypolipidemic effects of the walnut male flowers on the diabetic rats. 72 adult male Wistar rats (220-250g) were randomly selected and divided into three groups; control group (n=8) without any intervention، induced diabetic group (n=32)، 8 receiving normal saline and 24 receiving 3 different doses of extract (2، 4 and 6 g/kg)، induced diabetic group (n=32) without treatment with extract. Diabetes was induced in rats by intraperitoneal injection of 60 mg/kg of streptozotocin. In the experimental groups، rats were treated for 15 days with a single dose of the extract for each day. At the first and end of the 15th day، a blood sample was taken from the experimental and control groups and the serum levels of glucose، TG، Cholesterol، and HDL-cholesterol were measured. Our results showed that the hydro-alcoholic extract of walnut male flowers will decrease the levels of glucose، TG، Cholesterol، and LDL-cholesterol and increase the levels of HDL and HDL/LDL ratio in treated diabetic groups (P<0. 05). The hypolipidemic effects of the extract were not dose dependent. Our results revealed the effectiveness of the hydro-alcoholic extract of walnut male flowers in diabetic rats by decreasing the blood glucose، TG، Cholesterol، and LDL-cholesterol and increasing the levels of HDL and HDL/LDL ratio. Based on these results، extract from walnut male flowers might have therapeutic effects on hypolipidemic of diabetes and more experiments، especially in human are necessary to confirm these results.

Reducing workplace injuries by using Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) is evident. However، most of employees do not use them. We aimed to study the impact of a social marketing- based intervention to increase application of Personal Protective Equipments (PPEs) by employees of constructing underground stations، in Isfahan، Iran. This quasi-experimental study was designed based on the results of a formative research consisted of a qualitative (exploring employees’ views through focus group discussions) and a quantitative study (measuring attitudes and behaviors by questionnaire and checklist). Based on the formative research findings، a free package containing safety helmet، mask and gloves، and an educational pamphlet were delivered to intervention group. After four weeks، observational behaviors in two constructing stations were measured by using checklist and analyzed. Three frequent non-immune behaviors were not using helmet، mask and gloves. After intervention، the percentage of employees who used helmet and mask were increased significantly and odds ratio for helmet and mask usage in intervention group was more than other groups. By considering of employees’ ideas and views about PPEs، developing products appropriate to their needs and wants، reducing monetary and nonmonetary costs، disseminating the product in suitable place and promoting correct usage of them، we will be able to persuade employees to use PPEs constantly in workplaces.