مجله زنان مامائی و نازائی ایران
سال شانزدهم شماره 69 (هفته سوم مهر 1392)

Clinical manifestations، maternal and fetal outcomes and occurrence in mild and severe types of pre-eclampsia are different and it leads to consider different pathogenesis and risk factors are available in types of pre-eclampsia. The aim of this study is to compare pre-eclampsia risk factors in mild and severe types. This cross-sectional study was conducted on 498 pregnant women (330 normal pregnant and 168 pre-eclamptic pregnant women) in 2012. Data were collected by a form through face to face interview and medical records. Variables were age، Body Mass Index (BMI)، parity، place of inhabitants، occupation، blood groups and RH، maternal diseases، Familial marriages، multiple pregnancy، fetal gender، previous history of pre-eclampsia and current urinary tract infection. Data were analyzed using SPSS software (version 16)، t-test، ANOVA، tukey post-hoc، chi-square tests and logistic regression analysis. P value less than 0. 05 was considered significant. Pre-eclamptic pregnant women were older with higher BMI than normal ones. Majority of pre-eclamptic patients had negative RH. Results showed significant differences between pre-eclampsia and age، BMI، history of abortion، RH، history of pre-eclampsia and chronic hypertension. After chronic hypertension، respectively، negative RH and history of abortion could elevate the risk of mild pre-eclampsia. BMI could only elevate the risk of mild pre-eclampsia. Negative RH and history of preeclampsia increased the risk of severe preeclampsia. Furthermore; multiparity had a preventive effect on mild and severe types of pre-eclampsia. Chronic hypertension، history of abortion and BMI are the independent risk factors of mild pre-eclampsia and history of pre-eclampsia is the only risk factor of severe type. Negative RH is the common risk factor for mild and severe types.

Most couples want to have healthy children، preferably male and as lead has many different effects on sexual glands، hormones and reproductive system، we studied the relationship between lead exposure، numbers and sexuality type of children in peoples who has worked in lead fields. In this case-control study، all employees of Kermanshah Oil Refining (150 workers) working in areas exposed to lead were selected as case group، and a group of 70 people from the West textile factory workers with no occupational exposure to lead were selected as control group. Urine lead levels (based on creatinine) were measured using atomic absorption spectrophotometry. Data were analyzed using SPSS software version 21 and statistical tests such as chi-square، ANOVA and tukey post-hoc. P value less than 0. 05 was considered significant. The groups that were exposed to lead (case groups)، the last grades children were female. Distribution of first child (p=0. 005) and latest child (p<0. 001) in the case and control groups was statistically significant. Lead affects on number of children and sexuality type.

Hemorrhage، infection and hypertension during pregnancy are the most important causes of maternal mortality. Folic acid affects on development، angiogenesis، DNA synthesis and proliferation and hemocystein metabolism. The aim of this study was comparing plasma folate concentration in pregnant women with and without pre-eclampsia. This descriptive and analytical study was conducted on 60 pregnant women who referred to Ghaem hospital، Mashhad، Iran in 2008. Women were divided into in two groups of 30 pregnant women with pre-eclampsia by detection of obstetrician and 30 pregnant women without pre-eclampsia that had normal blood pressure. Both groups answered demographic and pregnancy characteristics questionnaires. Blood test was done to measure serum folate concentration. Data were analyzed using statistical tests such as Chi-square، t-student and ANOVA. P value less than 0. 05 was considered significant. There were significant differences between folate concentration in two group (p<0. 001). The mean of serum folate in pre-eclampsia group was 0. 87±0. 67 ng/L and without pre-eclampsia 1. 42±0. 57 ng/L. There was significant relationship in confidence level of 90% between usage of folic acid in pregnancy and folate concentration (p<0. 09). Pregnant women with pre-eclampsia had lower folate concentration than pregnant women without pre-eclampsia، but the difference is significant in confidence level of 90%.